1、Chapter 1 General Introduction to Physiographical Features of the UK The Locations of the UK The Physiographical Features of the UK Rivers and Mountains Climate and weather Population The Major Cities Exercises and AnswersFocus questions What is the full name of the British state?What countries does
2、 it consist of?What is the total population of the United Kingdom?Where do most British people live?What is the most densely populated area of Britain?What is the least populated?What are the major cities in Britain?Three terms British Isles Britain Great BritainTwo large islands several small ones
3、The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.England,WalesScotlandThe complicated full name of the UKThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandFour parts:EnglandScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandThemap of theUKThe location of the UK Britain is situated in western Europe and is s
4、eparated from the European continent by the North Sea,the Strait of Dover and the English Channel.It is an insular country.Its coastline runs 12,429 km,It is one of the countries with longest coastline.To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean,across and beyond it is America.The Physiographical Feat
5、ures of the UK Varied landscape Flatlands in England Mountains in Scoltland and WalesEnglandEngland A flatland country,also called Lowland zone Pennines:the backbone of England Lake district Highly urbanized -80%of population living in cities -only 2%working in agriculture Physically largest with la
6、rgest population Dominance in:size/culture/economy -take England for UK Lake Districtin North West EnglandA popular holiday destinationbeing famous for its lakes and its mountains its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and other poets.William Wordswort
7、h a romantic poetappointed poet laureate in 1843Living in the Lake district after 1797（17701850）ScotlandScotland A mountainous countrythree natural zones:The Highlands in the north the central Lowlands the southern Uplands Ben Nevis:the highest mountain in the UKA country of castlesThe highlands in
8、Scotland：sparsely populated,with many mountain ranges dominating the region,and including the highest mountain in the British Isles,Ben NevisThe film:Brave Heart Ben Nevis(1 343 meters high)Airth castleA 14th century castle,a spa and a Scottish castle accommodation,one of the most popular places for
9、 Scottish castle weddings.Stirling castleabout 30 miles from Glasgow and 40 miles from Edinburgh A long history,an important fortification and the site of many sieges and battles,standing out for its imposing location and storied history WalesWalesua mountainous countryu in the west of Great Britain
10、.u takeing up less than 9%of the whole island.Northern Ireland Smallest among the four nations in Britain Mostly rural,low hills,beautiful lake in the south-west,rugged coastlineGiants causeway(巨人之路)(1)The 8th Natural Wonder of the World(suburb of Belfast)，Sixty million years ago nGiants Causeway（2）
11、-a stretch of basaltic rock pillars weathered to different heights and presenting a stepped surface on the north coast of Northern Ireland.37,000columns formed by cooling lava.-legend:Finn MaCool built it to cross the sea to ScotlandGiants causeway（3）Prodigious skills(鬼斧神工)of Nature:Climate and Weat
12、her A maritime type of climate:rainy,changeable and unpredictable rarely rising above 32 in summer or falls below 10 in winter.mild winters and cool summersPopulation The total population:about 62 000 000(2009)Highly urbanized:80%living in cities and 20%living in the couryside The most densely popul
13、ated area:England The least populated area:Northern Ireland A multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.The official language:English Mountains and Rivers Pennines:Chief mountain ranges:the Cambrians the Grampiains The Grampians:the largest mounti
14、an range in the UKBen Nevis:the highest mountain in the UK The longest river in England:River Severn（220 miles，354 km)NEW SEVERN BRIDGE:the longest bridge in the UK,connecting Wales and England An important river in Britain:River Thames the second longest river in the United Kingdom and the longest
15、river entirely in England best kown for flowing through central London its strategic position at the centre of many events in British history a major leisure area supporting tourism and pleasure outings as well as the sports of rowing,sailing.a special appeal to writers,artists,musicians and film-ma
16、kers and is well represented in the arts many riverside attractions:London Eye,tower of London,House of Parliament,etc.Description of River Thames by T.S.Eliot(1888-1965)Sweet Thames run softly,till I end my song.The river bears no empty bottles,sandwich papers,Silk handkerchiefs,cardboard boxes cig
17、arette ends Or other testimony of summer nights.and The river sweats Oil and tar The barges drift With the turning tide Red sails Wide To leeward,swing on the heavy spar,The barges wash Drifting logs Down Greenwich reach Past the Isle of Dogs Major cities London Liverpool Cardiff BelfastLondon -seat
18、 of government -center of culture -business center -industrial center -largest population -home to all media -galleries,theatres,museums -combining functions of New York,Washington&Los Angeles-One of the four leaing cities in the world:New York,Paris,TokyoLondon The capital,the largest port and the
19、largest city in Britain The City of London+Inner London+Outer London=Greater London The commercial center:the West End The political center:the City of Webminster(Downing street,Buckingham Palace)The cultural center:London University(the biggest)The center of Labor Movement(Chartism)宪章运动 The Olympic
20、s games to be held here in 2012The London Eyea height of 135 metres(443 ft),the largest Ferris wheel in Europethe most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom,Big Benlthe largest four-faced chiming clock,lthe third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world,lIts celebration of its
21、150th anniversary in May 2009 Tower Bridgean iconic symbol of London Carries motor vehicles,cyclists,pedestriansCrosses ThamesTotal length 244 metres(801 ft)Opened 30 June 1894a large,mainly Gothic church,in Westminster,Londonthe traditional place of coronation and burial site for monarchs of Common
22、wealth Realms a square in central Londona tourist attraction Waterloo bridgeTube/subwayWaterloo BridgeWaterloo BridgeStarring:Vivien Leigh,Robert TaylorDirected by Mervyn LeRoy.Produced by Sidney FranklinSynopsisBased on the play by Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Robert E.Sherwood,WATERLOO BRIDGE
23、 stars Vivien Leigh as Myra,a shy ballerina whose life is irrevocably altered in war-torn London.Its love at first sight when Myra meets handsome,aristocratic British officer Roy Cronin(Robert Taylor)in the midst of an air raid.The couple soon plans to wed,but Cronin is called to the front,and short
24、ly thereafter a newspaper reports his death.Forced out of ballet school,alone and destitute,Myra turns to prostitution.When she discovers that the newspaper report was inaccurate,Myra is unable to tell Cronin about her professional life,and tragedy ensues.This 10-handkerchief weeper was directed by
25、Mervyn LeRoy.Joseph Ruttenbergs photography is beautiful,as is the inspired soundtrack by Herbert Stothart(THE WIZARD OF OZ),but what makes WATERLOO BRIDGE is Leighs stunning performance and the very real chemistry between her and Robert Taylor.ST Pauls Cathedrall an Anglican cathedral l the seat of
26、 the Bishop of London l one of Londons most famous and most recognisable sights Edinburgh the capital city of Scotland economic center of Scotland a tourist city second only to London in U.K.a cultural city，holding an international festival of music and the arts every year The new city of EdinburghE
27、diburgh castle The symbol of Ediburgh situated on a mound of volcanic rock one of Scotlands oldest castles,unequalled in the whole of the British Isles a remarkable fortress,the historical interest of and former royal residence,visited annually by approximately one million people No visit to Edinbur
28、gh is complete without a visit to Edinburgh Castle Castles in EdiburghLiverpool The second largest port of England A metropolitan cityCardiff The capital city of Wales A port Belfast The capital of Northern Ireland An indudtrial seaportthe wheel of BelfastBelfast city hallExercises The full name of
29、the United Kingdom is _ and _.The island of Great Britain is made up of _,_ and _.The United Kingdom has been a member of _ since 1973.Britain is now a _ society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of _ ethnicity.London plays a significant role in _ economic and cultural life.Its not on
30、ly the financial _ of the nation,but also one of the _ major international financial centers _.The highest mountain in Britain is_ _flows throuth central London and it is a very important river._is the capital of Scotland.Answers The United Kingdom of Great Britain the Northern Ireland England,Scotland,Wales European Union Multiracial,non-European Britains,center,three,in the world Ben Nevis Thames river Edinburgh
