1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 4 Earthquakes . 阅读理解 A Mike Godwin is an American lawyer and author who invented “Godwins Law” in 1990 when he made the following statement： As an online discussion grows longer, a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler is very likely to be made. Godwins Law is applicable to online
2、discussions in forums, chat rooms, and on blogs. The term has earned a place in the Oxford English Dictionary： Godwins Law: noun. A facetious aphorism(有趣的格言 ) maintaining that as an online debate increases in length, it becomes certain that someone will eventually compare someone or something to Ado
3、lf Hitler or the Nazis. Although _coined_ to describe an Internet phenomenon, the term is being applied to the use of “the Nazi card” in other contexts. A complaint by many forum users is that the socalled law is ending discussion. One makes a Nazi comparison and another cries, “You said Hitler, so
4、I win ！ ” At that point, the discussion ends. The term has created a verb, “to Godwin ， ” as in, “You Godwined this discussion ！ ” The mention of Godwins Law has come to be seen as a way to end an online discussion. Here is a complaint voiced by a forum user： It seems like Godwins Law is becoming a
5、real problem for any sort of discussion on the internet. Whenever Hitler, or Nazis, is brought up in a discussion, the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is laughed at. This would be a problem if people mention Godwins Law when the Hitler/Nazi mention is relevant to the
6、 topic at hand. 语篇导读 本文为说明文，介绍了高德温法则的来历以及意义，并 举例对其进行说明。 1 What will certainly happen according to “Godwins Law” if the online discussion is lengthened? A The debaters will maintain their justice. B The debaters will mention Hitler or Nazis. C The debaters will earn a place in the forum. 【 精品教育资源文库
7、】 D The debaters will become very sick and tired. 解析 B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，当网上辩论时间变长时，参加讨论的人非常有可能会提到希特勒或者纳粹分子，故选 B 项。 2 What does the underlined word “coined” in the fifth paragraph mean probably? A Built. B Adapted. C Classified. D Invented. 解析 D 词义猜测题 。根据第五段可知， Godwins Law 这个词一开始是用来描述网络现象的，后来又开始用于其他情境，所
8、以该画线词表示 “ 创造 (新词语 )” ，故选 D 项。 3 What is the mention of “Godwins Law” viewed as in a discussion? A A way of objection. B A way of complaint. C A way of ending it. D A way of creating words. 解析 C 细节理解题。 根据第六段第一句和第七段第一句以及两段中给出的具体例子可知，某讨论一旦出现这样的类比即意味着结束，故选 C 项。 B (2018 辽宁五校高三模拟 )Shortness of breath has
9、many different causes, and the treatment of it is specific for each cause. 4 _ There are, however, some following first aid steps you can use to treat it, at least until the ambulance arrives or youre able to get the victim to a hospital. 5 _ The more energy you spend, the more oxygen you use and th
10、e more short of breath you feel. Think about a good workout at the gym. Exercise hard enough and you will feel short of breath. The cure? Take a break. Let the victim sit, stand or lie wheres the most comfortable. Therere lots of myths about how some body positions supposedly provide more airflow. C
11、oaches regularly tell players to hold their arms above their heads to maximize chest expansion. Nursing staff assume the “tripod position” is the best position. 6 _ Use oxygen. This is a special case used only for people with chronic lung problems. If the victim has oxygen available, this is what it
12、s for. 7 _ The victim may have been told by his or her doctor that too much oxygen for too long might cause more problems. Assure the victim that sudden increases in shortness of breath are the instances in which oxygen is needed most. Treat the cause of shortness of breath. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 8 _ Asthma
13、 patients, for example, often have multiple tools and drugs to fix sudden shortness of breath. Victims of lung infections may need to see a doctor and heart attack victims may need an ambulance. A Have the victim rest. B Take more exercise at the gym. C The victim should use his or her oxygen as dir
14、ected by a doctor. D Therere many causes of shortness of breath and many of them are treatable. E The victim can try to avoid making use of his or her oxygen whenever possible. F Every person is different, however, so let the victim decide what position is the most comfortable. G In many cases, the
15、only way to treat shortness of breath is to call 911 or take the victim to a doctor. 语篇导读 本文为 说明文，主要讲述了呼吸困难的发生有很多原因，同时提出了四种急救方法。 4 解析 G 顺承关系。本段主要讲呼吸困难有很多原因，治疗呼吸困难有不同的方法，因此空处应讲治疗呼吸困难的一般方法，且与下文构成转折关系，故选 G 项。 5 解析 A 总分关系。根据本段中的 The cure? Take a break 可知，本段主要讲让患者休息这种方法，故选 A 项。 6 解析 F 递进关系。根据第三段的主题句可知，此处
16、表示每个人感觉舒服的姿势都不同，所以空处应讲让病人决定最舒服的姿势，故选 F 项。 7 解析 C 递进关系。根据本段 的主题句可以判断，此处指要在医生指导下使用氧气，故选 C 项。 8 解析 D 顺承关系。根据空处上下文可以判断，此处表示呼吸困难有很多原因，并且其中很多都是可以治疗的，故选 D 项。 . 完形填空 Sarah lived on a farm with her family. She was _1_ to learn to track, to identify each person and where they were going by the marks they left
17、 on the ground. And if her father couldnt teach her, shed teach herself. To the _2_ of her family, she borrowed all their _3_ and taught herself to recognize everyones footprints in the sand. More than once her father came outside shouting, “Sarah, bring me _ 4_ my boots.” Sarah developed the habit
18、of walking around with her eyes fixed on the ground, _5_ the comings and goings of every _6_ in the place. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 She also developed the annoying habit of _7_ everyone. “What were you doing down at the dam, Jack? Youre not _8_ to play there.”“Did you find what you were _9_ in the garage, Aunt
19、ie？ ” and “Who was the stranger visiting today wearing size ten boots, Mum？ ” After shed _10_ every pair of shoes that everyone _11_,_she turned to the farms animals. By this time _12_ her victims had to admit, _13_,_that she was good. Her best _14_ came one evening when she said the horses front fo
20、ot was _15_. Her father said that the horse was _16_ fine. Sarah _17_ that its hoof(蹄 ) had a split. Sarahs father _18_ the horses hoof. “Youre _ 19_. The hoof is split. How did you know？ ” “You can see it in its _ 20_.” Sarah moved the horse away. “Look, its plain in the sand.” “If you can tell it
21、has a split hoof from that sand, youre pretty good ， ” said her father. 语篇导读 本文为记叙文，讲述了萨拉学习通过脚印来跟踪、识别人的技术的故事。 1 A determined B forced C appointed D encouraged 解析 A 根据下文中的 And if her father couldnt teach her, shed teach herself可知，如果她的父亲不教她，她就自学；据此可以判断，她决心学习通过别人留下来的足迹跟踪、识别人的技术。 be determined to do sth
22、 决心 做某事，为固定搭配，故选 A 项。 2 A.expectation B annoyance C disappointment D delight 解析 B 根据下文中的 More than once her father came outside shouting 可知，她的父亲不止一次朝她发火；由此可以判断，她的行为给家人带来了烦恼 (annoyance)。下文中的 She also developed the annoying habit of 也是提示，故选 B 项。 3 A.shoes B books C socks D tools 解析 A 根据该句中的 taught herself to recognize everyo
