1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 5 The power of nature 单元加餐练 . 阅读理解 A Getting close to active or erupting volcanoes can be dangerous. But for Michael Rampino, its all in a days work. Rampino is a volcanologist, a scientist who studies volcanoes and how they affect our planet. Rampino has been close to redhot lava
2、 flows (熔岩流 ) in Hawaii and explosive volcanoes in Indonesia. He knows when to get close to an active volcano and when to back away. Rampino wasnt always a volcanologist. He worked for NASA for seven years. He studied rocks until he began to research climate change and the effects that volcanoes hav
3、e on climate. He became interested in the subject. “Once I started working with volcanoes， ” Rampino said, “I was hooked.” Rampino is a professor at New York University. As part of his job, he travels to areas where volcanoes have been active. “Active” means they have erupted within the past few cen
4、turies and probably will erupt again. Rampino studies the deposits (沉积物 ) of ash and other materials from the eruptions. The ash may hold clues to what happened to the Earth in the distant past. It may also help scientists predict what could happen to Earths climate in the future. Rampino doesnt wor
5、k alone. He works with a team of scientists who use computers to stimulate (模拟 ) the effects volcanoes have on Earths atmosphere. Being a volcanologist may be hard work, but its also fun. “Its cool traveling the world studying volcanoes， ” Rampino says. When he talks to students about his work, he t
6、ells them that his goal is “to unders tand the events that have shaped Earths history.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位火山学家的相关事迹。 1 To Rampino, being close to active volcanoes is _ . A adventurous but meaningful B scary but necessary C impossible and unnecessary D dangerous but urgent 答案： A 推理推断题 。根据第一段可知这样的工
7、作很具有冒险性；再根据文章第三段最后一句可知这样的工作也很有意义。 2 The underlined word “hooked” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_ ” A trapped B touched C frightened D attracted 答案： D 词义猜测题。根据上一句中的 “became interested in the subject” 可知，Rampino 一旦开始火山研究工作时，就会入迷、被 吸引，故这里是被 “ 吸引 ” 的意思。故选 D【 精品教育资源文库 】 项。 3 Rampinos study on volcanoes
8、 might help _ . A warn people to protect the environment B support the study of Earths future climate C tell the future eruption time of the volcanoes D reduce the possibility of the volcanoes eruptions 答案： B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 “It may also help scientists predict what could happen to Earths climate in
9、 the future.” 以及第四段最后一句可知，他的工作有助于研究地球未来的气候。故选 B 项。 4 In which part of a newspaper could we find this text? A Climate. B History. C People. D Business. 答案： C 推理判断题。本文是介绍了一位研究火山的专家，应该属于报纸中的人物版块。故选 C 项。 B The volcano is one of the most surprising frightening forces of nature. Maybe you have seen pictur
10、es of these “fireworks” of nature. Sometimes when a volcano erupts,_a very large wall of melted rock moves down the side of a mountain. It looks likes a “river of fire”. Sometimes volcanoes explode, throwing the melted rock and ashes high into the air. But where does this melted rock come from? The
11、earth is made up of many layers. The top layer (层 ) that we see is called the crust. Under the crust are many layers of hard rock. But far, far beneath the crust whose rock is so hot that it is soft. In some places it even melts. The melted rock is called magma. Sometimes the magma breaks out to the
12、 surface through in the crack. These cracks are volcanoes. Most people think of mountains when they think of volcanoes. But not every mountain is a volcano. A volcano is simply the opening in the earth from which the magma escapes. The hot magma, or lava as it is called, builds up on the surface of
13、【 精品教育资源文库 】 the earth. Over thousands of years, this pile of cooled lava can grow to be very, very big. For example, the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro, is a volcano. It towers more than 16,000 feet above the ground around it. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然界的神奇力量 火山。 5 The underlined word “erupt
14、s” in Paragraph 1 means “_ ” A moves down B breaks away C builds up D suddenly throws out lava 答案： D 词义猜测题。根据第一段的描述可知此处指火山喷发， D 项意为 “ 突然释放出岩浆 ” ，与 “ 喷发 ” 意义最为接近。故 D 项正确。 6 Which words in the passage have the same meaning as “melted rock” ？ A “Volcano” and “explode” B “Crust” and “hard rock” C “Magma
15、” and “lava” D “Volcano” and “magma” 答案： C 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第三句和第二段第四句可知， “magma” 和 “lava”可代替 “melted rock” ，表示 “ 岩浆；熔岩 ” 。 7 Which is the correct order of the layers of the earth (beginning with the top layer)? A crust hard rock magma soft rock B crust hard rock soft rock magma C magma soft rock hard ro
16、ck crust D volcano cracks magma crust 答案： B 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第 3 7 句可知地球的正确分层为 B 项所述 。 8 The best title of the passage should be “_ ” A The Volcano B Kilimanjaro Volcano C The Mountains D The Melted Rock 答案： A 标题判断题。通读全文后可知，本文主要讲的是有关火山的相关知识。 . 七选五 A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billio
17、n in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. _1_ Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. _2_ After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodeg
18、radable destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. _3_ That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 _4_ Human beings cause pollution and they can take st
19、eps to stop it. They can use fewer singleuse product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, ra
20、ther than end them after the first use. We could, when we get rid of plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. _5_ And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed
21、from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. And all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A Then, fish may eat the plastic. B It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. C The plastic eventually reaches coastal
22、 areas and ocean waters. D The report tells about the harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. E Plastics should be gathered together and reused. F But people can make a big difference. G It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一份新的报告指出：被丢弃的塑料汇聚到海洋，不仅严重污染了海洋环境，而 且最终会通过鱼等海洋生物进入人体，危害人类健康。同时，该报告也指出了个人以及企业应该如何采取措施来改善这种状况。 1 D 根据语境可判断出， D 项承接上文 “A new report says .” ，进一步阐释该报告的内容，故选 D。 2 C 根据上下文语境及下句中的 “collects in the sea” 可知，被丢弃在河里和其他航道的塑料最终会流入沿海地区和大洋水域，故选
