1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 4 Sharing 单元加餐练 .阅读理解 A The meaning of the word “volunteer” may be a little different in different countries, but it usually means “one who offers his or her services”. There are many different ways in which people can volunteer, such as taking care of sick people, working in home
2、s for homeless children, and picking up garbage from beaches and parks. Volunteers may work within their own countries or in other countries. They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves. Volunteers dont expect any kind of pay. At the root of voluntee
3、ring is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people. Tracy, a good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means. She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresas homes in Calcutta. Th
4、e following is her story. “I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school. We watched a video about her work in India and all over the world. I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I also wanted to try her
5、kind of work. So with two friends I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks.” “I was asked to wo rk in a home for sick people. I helped wash clothes and sheets, and pass out lunch. I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer them up. I felt it was better to share with them
6、 than to think that I have helped them. To be honest, I dont think I was helping very much. It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.” 篇章导读：本文为夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了 Tracy 对 v
7、olunteer 一词的新的体会及理解。 1 According to the text, a volunteer refers to a person who _ . A is willing to help those in need without pay B can afford to travel to different places C has a strong wish to be successful D has made a big fortune in life 答案： A 细节理解 题。根据第一段的 “one who offers his or her services
8、” 和第一段最后一句 “Volunteers dont expect any kind of pay.” 可确定答案为 A。 2 Why did Tracy choose to be a volunteer? A She liked to work with Mother Teresa. B She had already had some experience. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 C She was asked by Mother Teresa. D She wanted to follow Mother Teresas example. 答案： D 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句
9、“I was so moved by her spirit . I also wanted to try her kind of work.” 可知，她想以 Mother Teresa 为榜样。 3 What is Tracys “new idea” (in Paragraph 2) of being a volunteer? A Going abroad to help the sick. B Working in Mother Teresas home. C Doing simple things to help the poor. D Improving oneself through
10、helping others. 答案： D 推理判断题。由第三、四段内容可知， Tracy 怎样在实践 volunteer 的过程中逐渐形成了新的体验和认识，且从文中最后一句可知 new idea 的含义。 4 What is the best title for the passage? A How to Be a Volunteer B Voluntary Life in India C A Different Meaning of Volunteer D Inspiration from Mother Teresa 答案： C 标题判断题。本文以 volunteer 作为导入，讲 Tra
11、cy 对 volunteer 的新体会和与以前不同的理解。 C 项切合文章的主题。 B Chimps (黑猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能 ) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.
12、Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a pla
13、te that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random he just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share informatio
14、n and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately tr
15、y to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children 【 精品教育资源文库 】 to behave socially. Anothe
16、r is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的 ) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the
17、chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even
18、very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we” ， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家通过比较黑猩猩和小孩子的行为得出结论，相较于黑猩猩的自私，人类的本能和天性是帮助别人，与人合作和分享。 5 What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A Chimps seldom care about o
19、thers interests. B Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C Chimps like to take in their neighbors food. D Chimps naturally share food with each other. 答案： A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知，黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A 项正确。其中 C 项干扰性较大，由实验得出的结论是黑猩猩自私，而不是喜欢那么做。 6 Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate th
20、at they _ . A have the instinct to help others B know how to offer help to adults C know the world better than chimps D trust adults with their hands full 答案： A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知，小孩帮助他人是出于本能和天性。故 A 项正确。 7 The passage is mainly about _ . A the helping behaviors of young children B ways to train ch
21、ildrens shared intentionality C cooperation as a distinctive human nature D the development of intelligence in children 答案： C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行的对比实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。 A 项干扰性较大，文章不是简 单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。 . 七选五 Ten requirements for teens that wont get them into college but will make them better pe
22、ople 【 精品教育资源文库 】 ?Write a letter. An actual letter that does not begin with “Hey ” and is written, in handwriting, on real paper. ?Read a book for pleasure. _1_ Repeat when needed until you find a book you really love. ?Hold down an unpleasant job that makes you hate your parents a little bit beca
23、use they wont let you quit. ?Go somewhere for the weekend without your phone. _2_ ?Every time you get a new toy or gadget (小玩意 ), give an old toy or gadget away to someone who doesnt get new things as often as you do. ?Take care of someone or something other than yourself. _3_ And if its a dog, learn to brush the dog far enough away from the back door so that the hair does not all come back in your house when you are finished. ?_4_ Even if this person hasnt given you a holiday or birthday present, find something to thank him for. ?Learn to cook a good meal
