1、中考英语专题五+形容词课件形容词是用来描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种开放性词类。主要用来修饰名词和代词,在句中作定语、表语、补足语或状语等成分。考点一 形容词的用法.形容词作定语形容词作定语1.形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词前。In the future,people will have more free time.将来,人们会有更多的自由时间。2.形容词后置,即放在被修饰词后的情况:形容词在修饰复合不定代词时,需置于其后。Is there anything else in the bag?书包里还有其他东西吗?形容词修饰起名词作用的anywhere,somewhere时,通常
2、后置。Grandfather wants to find somewhere quiet and beautiful after he retires.爷爷想退休以后找一个安静又漂亮的地方。3.多个形容词修饰同一个词时的排列顺序:限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词 描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)表示特征的形容词(大小、长度、形状、新旧、年龄等)表示颜色的形容词 表示类属的形容词(包括国籍、专有名词)表示材料质地的形容词。Sally is wearing a red cotton skirt.莎莉穿着一件红色棉质衬衣。a small round old red French wo
3、oden table一张旧的法国红色木质小圆桌.形容词作表语形容词作表语1.在系动词be,become,get,go,feel,look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,turn,grow,remain,stay,keep,stand等后作表语。The music sounds very beautiful.这种音乐听起来很优美。2.一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式表示因某事而产生某种情感。Im sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。3.有些形容词一般只能作表语,不能作前置定语,如afraid,alive,alone,asleep,aw
4、ake,ready,sorry,well,worth,ashamed,drunk,ill,well,sure等。Jim was still awake at 11:30 last night.昨晚11点半的时候,吉姆仍然醒着。.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。等动词连用。They keep the classroom clean every day.他们每天保持教室干净。.某些形容词加上定冠词某些形容词加上定冠词the,相当于名词,指一,相当于名词,指一类人或事物。类人或事物。the old老人 the you
5、ng年轻人 the rich富人 the wounded伤员【典例精析】1.Jack,is there _ in todays newspaper?No,nothing.A.anything importantB.something importantC.important anythingD.important something解析:形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后,又设空的句子为一般疑问句,在问句中常用anything。答案:A。2.Lets go on a picnic this weekend,OK?That sounds _.A.greatB.wellC.hardlyD.terribl
6、y解析:sound是系动词,后需接形容词作表语。great和well虽同为形容词,但well作形容词时,一般指“身体好”。答案:A。3.I got home for my birthday from my college on Friday evening.No one was at home,and Mum and Dad hadnt left me a note.This made me _.A.surprisedB.happyC.angryD.excited解析:根据句意可知,“我”很生气。此处用angry作宾补。答案:C。4.Though he is _ at home,he does
7、nt feel _ for he has many things to do.A.alone;lonelyB.lonely;aloneC.alone;alone解析:alone为表语形容词,意为“单独的”,强调客观性。lonely意为“孤独的”,强调主观感觉,在句中作表语或定语。第一个空是叙述客观事实,作is的表语,应用alone;第二个空是作feel的表语,应用lonely。答案:A。考点二 形容词比较等级的变化英语中的形容词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过词尾变化来实现的规则变化,也有少数是不规则变化。.规则变化规则变化构成规
8、则构成规则原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级一般直接在词尾加-er或-est。smallyoungsmalleryoungersmallestyoungest以e结尾的单词在词尾加-r或-st。widenicewidernicerwidestnicest构成规则构成规则原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级重读闭音节词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要先双写词尾的辅音字母,再在词尾加-er或-est。fatthinfatterthinnerfattestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,先变y为i,再在词尾加-er或-est。heavydirtyheavierdirtierheaviestdir
9、tiest大多数双音节和多音节 词,借 助 m o r e 或most构成。carefulfamousmore carefulmore famousmost carefulmost famous.不规则变化不规则变化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastmuch/manymoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest注意:有些形容词没有程度之分或本身就表示某种程度,故而没有比较级和最高级。这类词主要有:right,
10、wrong,last,possible,impossible,empty,final,first,east,favorite,wonderful,great,excellent等。考点三 形容词比较等级的用法.原级的用法原级的用法1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。2.有表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。结构结构用法用法例句例句A.as+形容词原级+as+B.表示“A和B一样”。The weather is as hot as it was yesterday.今天和昨
11、天一样热。A.not so/as+形容词+as+B.表示“A不如B”。相当于“less+形容词原级+than”。Tom is not as/so strong as Sam.=Tom is less strong than Sam.汤姆没有萨姆壮。A.+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B.表示“A是B的倍”。Our school is twice as large as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的两倍。形容词原级的常用结构形容词原级的常用结构注意:有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时,用形容词原级。That film is too boring.那部电
12、影太无聊了。【典例精析】English isnt as _ as Chinese.Maybe,perhaps its just because Chinese is your native language.A.easyB.easilyC.easierD.easiest解析:句中有as.as,因此要用形容词或副词的原级,可排除C、D;而在系动词be之后只能用形容词。答案:A。.比较级的用法比较级的用法形容词比较级的常用结构形容词比较级的常用结构结构结构用法用法例句例句A+比较级+than+B.表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况。L e s s o n 3 i s l e s s difficult
13、 than Lesson 4.第3课没有第4课难。比较级+and+比较级越来越。多音节词和部分双音节词 用“m o r e a n d more+形容词原级”。Its becoming colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。The girl becomes more and more beautiful.那个女孩变得越来越漂亮。结构结构用法用法例句例句the+比较级,the+比较级越就越。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,犯的错误就越少。Which/Who is+比较级,A or B?哪一
14、个更。表示在两者之间进行选择。Which is nearer to the sun,the moon or the earth?地球和月亮,哪个离太阳更近一些?结构结构用法用法例句例句the+比较级+of two两者之间更的一个。He is the thinner of the two.两个人当中,他更瘦一些。倍数+比较级+than几倍于。The room is five times bigger than that one.这间房比那间大5倍。注意:1.在运用“比较级+than”结构时,相比较的对象必须是同类事物。My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自
15、行车比她的自行车漂亮。2.为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面提到的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.这里的天气比上海要暖和一些。3.在同一范围比较时,要使用other或else把自身排除在外。China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他国家都大。4.表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a lot,mu
16、ch,even,still,far,any常放在形容词比较级前表示比较的程度。【典例精析】1.Mr.Smith thinks running is _ than gymnastics.A.very popularB.more popularC.most popularD.the most popular解析:由句中的than可知,设空处应用popular的比较级。popular为多音节词,其比较级的构成是在其前加more。答案:B。2.Many boy students think maths is _ English.I agree.Im weak in English.A.much dif
17、ficult thanB.so difficult asC.less difficult thanD.more difficult than解析:much常用来修饰比较级,故排除A项。so.as结构常用在否定句中,故排除B项;C项意为“不如困难”;D项意为“比更难”。根据句意“我英语差”可知,设空处想要表达“数学没有英语难”。答案:C。3.After the rebuilding,our school is becoming _.A.more and more beautifulC.beautiful and beautifulB.more beautiful and beautiful D.
18、the more beautiful解析:根据句意可知,设空处想要表达“越来越美丽”。多音节形容词通常可以用“more and more+形容词”表示“越来越”。答案:A。4.The doctor told me not to eat too much,but I find it difficult.The doctor is right._ you eat,_ you will be.A.The less;the healthier B.The less;the more healthierC.The more;the healthier D.The more;the more health
19、ier解析:根据句意可知,设空处想要表达“你吃得越少,就会越健康”。答案:A。5.Of the two coats,shed like to choose the _ one to save money for a book.A.cheapest B.cheaperC.more expensive D.most expensive解析:二选一,应该用比较级。根据句意“想省钱买书”可知,设空处需要表示“更便宜”的词。答案:B。6.Which do you like _,summer or winter?I prefer summer.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best解析:句子
20、是在两者之间进行选择的选择问句,因此用比较级better。like better意为“更喜欢”。答案:C。7.I am good at maths,but his English is _ than mine.A.much betterB.more betterC.very betterD.pretty better解析:修饰比较级可以用much,a little,a lot等,而不用very,quite,pretty等,more用来构成比较级,但不能修饰比较级。8.Taiwan is bigger than _ island in China.A.the otherB.anyC.any ot
21、her解析:the other意为“另外的”;any在肯定句中接单数名词时,意为“任何的”;any other意为“其他任何的”,表示把自身排除在外。台湾是中国的岛屿,和国内的其他岛屿比较时要把自身排除在外。答案:A。答案:C。9.How are you today,Mike?Im _ now.I dont think this medicine is good for me.A.badlyB.betterC.wellD.worse解析:根据最后一句的句意“我认为这药对我没好处”可知,设空处想要表达的是“更不舒服了”,因而用worse。答案:D。.最高级的用法最高级的用法形容词最高级的常用结构
22、形容词最高级的常用结构结构结构用法用法例句例句the+最高级+in/of短语表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较。This picture is the best of all.这幅画是所有画里边最好的。Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择。Who is the tallest,Tom,Kate or Bill?汤姆、凯特和比尔谁最高?结构结构用法用法例句例句one of the+最高级+名词的复数形式最的之一。Miss Xu is one of the most popular teachers in our school.许老师是
23、我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。序数词+形容词最高级第几最。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。2.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。他是我们班最高的男生。He is the tallest boy in our class.=He is taller than any other boy in our class.=He is taller than the other boys in our class.=He is taller than any boy else in our class.=He
24、is taller than any of the other boys in our class.=He is taller than the rest of the boys in our class.=No boy is taller than him in our class.【典例精析】1.Of all the subjects,English is _ for me.A.interestingB.more interestingC.the most interestingD.much more interesting解析:由句中的of all the subjects可知,说话者是
25、对三科或三科以上的科目进行比较,所以要用形容词interesting的最高级。2.At the Beijing Olympics,Bolt broke the 100meter and 200meter records and became the _ man in the world.A.fastestB.heaviest C.tallestD.slowes解析:fastest最快的;heaviest最重的;tallest最高的;slowest最慢的。根据句意可知,博尔特打破短跑比赛的记录,说明他跑得快,故应选fastest。答案:C。答案:A。3.You are doing great!I
26、ve never had _ answer before.A.betterB.bestC.a betterD.the best解析:根据句意可知,设空处想要表达的是现有答案和之前的答案的对比,需要表示“一个更好的”的词。两者之间对比应用比较级;answer是可数名词单数。4.There isnt an airport near where I live.The _ one is about 90 miles away.A.busiestB.farthestC.newestD.nearest答案:C。解析:busiest最忙的;farthest最远的;newest最新的;nearest最近的。根
27、据前一句句意可知,设空处想要表达的是“离我家最近的”。答案:D。考点四 常见名词变形容词的方法名词变形容词名词变形容词名词名词构成方法构成方法意义意义例词例词表示天气的名词在词尾加-y。充满的;多的cloud cloudysun sunny表示方位的名词在词尾加-ern。方位的;朝方向的east easternnorth northern表示称谓的名词在词尾加-ly。般的friend friendlymother motherly表示时间的名词在词尾加-ly。每的week weeklyday daily名词名词构成方法构成方法意义意义例词例词表示物质的名词在词尾加-en。由制成的wood wo
28、odengold golden表示大洲与国家的名词在词尾加-n。的;的人Asia AsianAmerica American考点五 形容词词义辨析.以以ed结尾的形容词和以结尾的形容词和以ing结尾的形容词结尾的形容词以-ed结尾的形容词表示被动意义,一般用来修饰人,多指人对事物的感受,常与in,about或at等构成短语;以-ing结尾的形容词表示主动意义,一般用来修饰物,表示事物的特征或性质,多指事物对人的影响。We were very excited about the trip to Beijing.对于去北京旅行,我们很兴奋。The news about going camping
29、next Sunday is so exciting.下个星期天去宿营的消息是那么的令人激动。常见词汇常见词汇-ed形容词-ing形容词bored无聊的boring枯燥的excited兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的fascinated着迷的fascinating迷人的frightened恐惧的frightening令人恐惧的interested感兴趣的interesting有趣的moved受感动的moving令人感动的pleased愉快的pleasing令人愉快的relaxed放松的relaxing令人放松的surprised惊讶的surprising令人惊讶的tired疲倦的tiring令
30、人疲倦的.tall和和high,short和和low指人的个子、树、楼的高低时用tall与short,指其他事物(含价格price)的高低时一般用high与low。Tom is a tall boy.汤姆是个高个子男孩。The mountain in my hometown is high.我家乡的那座山很高。.real和和truereal一般指东西的真假,意为“真的”;而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,意为“真实的”。This is a real diamond and its very expensive.这是一颗真钻石,价值连城。The news is true.(这条)消息是真的。.g
31、ood,well,fine和和nice单词单词用法用法例句例句good形容词,可用作表语或定语,它可表示电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好,也可表示人品好,善良等。Helen is a good girl.海伦是个品质优秀的女孩。well形容词和副词,作形容词时,只能作表语,指身体健康。Take the medicine three time a day,and you will be well soon.这种药一天吃三次,你很快就会好的。单词单词用法用法例句例句fine形容词,通常指天气好,气质好,发育好等。What a fine day today!今天天气多好啊!nice形容词,往往指“令人喜
32、悦的,讨人喜欢的”人、味道、言语、天气等。Nice to meet you!见到你很高兴!.ill 和和sick两个词都有“病的,生病的”意思,都可以作表语或定语,但作定语时只能用sick 而不能用ill来表示“生病的”。She has been ill/sick for two weeks.她已经生病两个星期了。The sick woman is his aunt.那个生病的妇女是他的阿姨。.many,much,few,a few,little和和a little后接可数名词复数后接可数名词复数后接不可数名词后接不可数名词many 许多much 许多few 极少;几乎没有little 极少;
33、几乎没有a few 有一些a little 一点儿注意:句中有only,just,still等词时要用a few或a little。I can hardly understand the story,although there are few new words.虽然故事里几乎没有生词,但我还是几乎没看懂。Can you speak Russian?你会说俄语吗?Yes,just a little.是的,仅仅一点。.lonely和和alonelonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的”,可以作定语或表语;alone作形容词时意为“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,只能作表语
34、。alone还可以作副词讲,在句中作状语。I was alone but I didnt feel lonely.我独自一人,但我并不感到孤独。.gone,lost和和missing易混词易混词用法用法例句例句gone丢了,没了。含有一去不复返的意思,还可以表示“死了”,可以作表语或宾语,不能作定语。My fever is gone,but I still have a cough.烧已经退了,但我仍然咳嗽。lost丢失。含有难以找回的意思,可以作定语、表语或宾语。The parents found the lost child at last.家长最后找到了丢失的孩子。missing失踪了,
35、不见了。强调某人、物不在原处,可以作定语、表语或宾语。My dictionary is missing.Who has taken it away?我的字典不见了,谁拿走了?.same与与similarsame相同的;similar相似的。same在句子中必须和定冠词the搭配。same的常见搭配为the same as,意为“和一样”;而similar的搭配为be similar to,意为“和像”。Tom is wearing the same shirt as my maths teacher.汤姆和我的数学老师穿着同样的衬衣。The style of my skirt is simil
36、ar to that of yours.我的裙子的款式和你的相似。.farther和和furtherfarther和further都是far的比较级。在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换,但further还有“更多,进一步,稍后,额外”等抽象意义,而farther没有。He went abroad for further study.他出国是为了进修。.older/oldest和和elder/eldestolder/oldest一般用来修饰人或物,在句中作表语或定语,可与than连用;elder/eldest一般只用来表示长幼次序,不与than连用。【典例精析】Fishing with Dad was so _ for little Sam that he almost fell asleep.A.excited B.exciting C.boredD.boring答案:D。解析:excited兴奋的;exciting令人兴奋的;bored无聊的;boring枯燥的。excited和bored都强调人对事物的感受,而exciting和boring则强调事物本身的性质。句子的主语是“和爸爸一起钓鱼”这件事,因此应该用以ing结尾的形容词;又“萨姆几乎睡着了”可知,和爸爸一起钓鱼很无聊。