1、1.细节理解题 2.推理判断题 3.主旨大意题 4.词义猜测题 5.文章结构题 五类题型 分类突破专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步A(2017陕西西安铁一中学三模陕西西安铁一中学三模)Geneva(日内瓦日内瓦)Tourist Guide*Universal compact app for iPhone 6/iPhone 6 Plus/iPhone 5/iPhone/iPod/iPadGENEVA TOURIST GUIDE with attractions，museums，restaurants，bars，hotels，theatres and shops with traveler re
2、views and ratings，pictures，rich travel information，prices and opening hours.题型突破(二)细节理解之正误判断题Discover whats on and places to visit in Geneva with our new cool app.It will guide you to top attractions and shopping malls，and tell you directions to hotels，bars，and restaurants.This is an all-in-one app
3、for all the local attractions.Our travel guide to Geneva features up-to-date information on attractions，hotels，restaurants，shopping，nightlife，travel tips and more.Highlights：Geneva InformationOverview，climate，geography，history and travel information.AttractionsAncient sites，beaches，botanical gardens
4、，coffee farms，museums，scenic drives，towns，waterfalls，religious and historical sites，etc.HotelsFrom luxury hotels to budget accommodations，including reviews，price comparison，address and more.MapIt is an interactive map and get turn-by-turn driving directions.Find traffic details，road conditions，stree
5、t maps，multi map，satellite photos，and aerial maps.Allow you to easily search and find local businesses with directions.GalleryPicture galleries of Genevas most beautiful sights，interesting events，unusual occasions and more.POI SearchSearch everything at Geneva.Enter any keyword or name to search.Fin
6、d name，address，distance，route map，call，and directions to every business location.TranslatorSupports 52 languages，large text translation.World ClockAll major cities of the world(1,000 Cities).语语篇解读篇解读本文介绍了一款本文介绍了一款app日内瓦旅游指南。日内瓦旅游指南。语篇解读1.What is Geneva Tourist Guide?A.An app.B.A book.C.A map.D.An ad
7、vertisement.答案解析231解析解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is an all-in-one app for all the local attractions.”可知可知Geneva Tourist Guide是一款是一款app。故选。故选A。2.Geneva Tourist Guide provides tourists with all the following help EXCEPT .A.to discover whats on and places to visit in GenevaB.to guide tourists to
8、top attractions and shopping mallsC.to offer latest information on attractions in GenevaD.to help tourists make friends with Geneva locals答案解析231解析解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知A、B、C三项都是三项都是Geneva Tourist Guide提供给游客的帮助，提供给游客的帮助，D项未提及。故选项未提及。故选D。3.Which of the following is NOT among highlights of G
9、eneva Tourist Guide?A.Information about both expensive and cheap hotels in Geneva.B.Chances to visit Geneva galleries without paying any money.C.A search system that can find everything at Geneva.D.Being able to be used by tourists from all over the world.答案解析231231解析解析细节理解题。根据细节理解题。根据Highlights部分中的
10、部分中的“HotelsFrom luxury hotels to budget accommodations”排除排除A；“POI SearchSearch everything at Geneva.”排除排除C；“TranslatorSupports 52 languages”排除排除D。只有只有B项未提到，故选项未提到，故选B。B(2017四川成都七中二诊四川成都七中二诊)Scientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays while skiing in the snow-covere
11、d areas than sitting on the beach，according to a report by the UK newspaper.The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University，Japan and American company Johnson&Johnson conducted the study together.They looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail in Ishikawa District，n
12、orthern Japan.They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japans Okinawa District.They found that on the beach，eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules(千焦耳千焦耳)of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.The findings are supported by th
13、e Japan Meteorological(气象的气象的)Agency.According to the agency，the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent，compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas.The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.Most of us know that UV rays can harm the sk
14、in.Thats why we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun.But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time，you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye，which is harmful.Your
15、 eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling.They may be sensitive to light.Fortunately，this is usually temporary and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.Long-term exposure to UV radiation，however，can be more serious.Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amou
16、nts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage，which could lead to total blindness.语篇解读语篇解读本文属于说明文。科学家发现与在海滩上相比，人们在白雪覆盖的本文属于说明文。科学家发现与在海滩上相比，人们在白雪覆盖的地区，眼睛更容易受到紫外线的损伤。地区，眼睛更容易受到紫外线的损伤。语篇解读4.You would most likely find the article in .A.a doctors diaryB.a travel jour
17、nalC.a medical magazineD.a physics textbook答案解析5647解析解析文章出处题。文中介绍了紫外线对人的眼睛的损害，属于医学类文章出处题。文中介绍了紫外线对人的眼睛的损害，属于医学类范畴。故选范畴。故选C。56475.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.B.Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV ray
18、s doesnt harm them at all.C.Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the skin.D.The study was conducted by researchers from Japan，the USA and the UK.答案解析解析解析细节理解题。根据最后一段可知长时间暴露在紫外线下很可能会细节理解题。根据最后一段可知长时间暴露在紫外线下很可能会导致完全失明。故选导致完全失明。故选A。6.Human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays
19、 while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach because .A.snow produces more UV light than waterB.people dont wear sunscreen while skiing as they do while sitting on the beachC.the reflection rate of UV light in snow-covered areas is much higher than that on the beachD.human eyes
20、are exposed longer to UV light in the snow-covered areas than on the beach答案解析56475647解析解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent，compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas.”可知原因是白雪覆盖的地区比海滩上紫外线的可知原因是白雪覆盖的地区比海滩上紫外线的反射率离。故选反射率离。故选C。7.
21、What will the passage most probably talk about next?A.Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan.B.Go to hospital to have your eyes examined.C.Wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.D.Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.答案解析5647解析解析文章结构题。全
22、文说明了白雪覆盖地区紫外线对眼睛的危害更严文章结构题。全文说明了白雪覆盖地区紫外线对眼睛的危害更严重，接下来要介绍保护眼睛防止这种危害的措施。故选重，接下来要介绍保护眼睛防止这种危害的措施。故选D。C(2017湖北荆门调研湖北荆门调研)In one study，college students who had important and reality-based conversations were more content than their peers who changed mere amusing remarks.But dont deny small talks just yet
23、.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is important to well-being，but just how much conversation we require is under investigation.In one study，researchers overheard(偷听偷听)undergraduates for four days，and then cataloged each overheard conversation as either“small talks”(“What do yo
24、u have done?Popcorn?Yummy！”)or“substantive(实质性的交流实质性的交流)”(“So did they get divorced soon after？”).They found that the second type correlated(相关相关)with happinessthe happiest students had roughly twice as many substantive talks as the unhappiest ones.Small talks，meanwhile，made up only 10 percent of th
25、eir conversation，versus almost 30 percent of their conversation among the least content students.But dont deny small talks just yet.Scientists believe that small talks could promote bonding.Researchers found that a small talk maintains closeness with loved ones after studying ring-tailed lemurs(环尾弧猴
26、环尾弧猴)call-and-response conversations，similar to human small talks.Still，joking with strangers could brighten your morning.In a series of experiments，those bus-takers told to chat with others are reported a more pleasant journey than those told to“enjoy your solitude”or to do whatever they normally w
27、ould.Small talks can also help us feel connected to our surroundings.People who smiled at，made eye contact with，and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas(咖啡师咖啡师)reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction.Of course，some of us are better than others at tu
28、rning small talks into something bigger.All the differences come to what researchers call“a curious mindset”.”.So go ahead to talk and inquire.Small talks neednt be idle.And being curious about others business isnt all bad.语语篇解读篇解读本文通过调查研究说明闲聊在人际交往方面的好处。本文通过调查研究说明闲聊在人际交往方面的好处。语篇解读8.According to the
29、second paragraph，we can know that .A.we can deny small talks because substantive talks are more importantB.people who make more small talks are much happier than those making substantive talksC.the well-being is built largely due to the percentage of our substantive talksD.the least content students
30、 have twice the amount of small talks than those content students答案解析910811910811解析解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They found that the second type correlated(相关相关)with happinessthe happiest students had roughly twice as many substantive talks as the unhappiest ones.”可知可知实质性的交流对幸福的影响很大。故选实质性的交流对幸福的影响很大。
31、故选C。9.The benefits of small talks are the following EXCEPT .A.it can make the bonding between people much closerB.it can shorten the distance between strangers and make the journey pleasantC.it makes us feel connected with the surroundingsD.you can get more free cups of coffee from Starbucks barista
32、s答案解析910811解析解析细节理解题。根据第三段的描述可知，只有细节理解题。根据第三段的描述可知，只有D项是错误的。故选项是错误的。故选D。10.Whats the authors attitude to small talks?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Neutral.D.Critical.解析解析观点态度题。根据最后一段观点态度题。根据最后一段“So go ahead to talk and inquire.Small talks neednt be idle.And being curious about others business isnt all b
33、ad.”可知作者对闲聊是持支持态度的。故选可知作者对闲聊是持支持态度的。故选B。答案解析91081111.The text mainly tells us that .A.small talks are important in communication B.substantive talks make people happier than small talksC.small talks and substantive talks are equally important in lifeD.substantive talks are important in communication
34、答案解析910811解析解析主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍了主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍了small talks在人际交往中的重在人际交往中的重要性。故选要性。故选A。D(2017山西太原一模山西太原一模)Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead.They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reac
35、h of some peopleparticularly older individuals.And striving to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked.But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.There is increasing evidence that inactivity
36、is linked to heart disease，type 2 diabetes(糖尿病糖尿病)and some types of cancer.UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week，in short periods of 10 minutes or more.But in two separate articles in the BMJ，experts argue the message needs to change，with greate
37、r emphasis on making inactive people move more.Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse，advises people who are sedentary(久坐的久坐的)to make small incremental increases in their activity levelsrather than pushing to achieve current goals.He points to previous studies which sho
38、w even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of vigorous activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death，compared to people who do no exercise.In the second article，Prof Phillip Sparking of the Georgia Institute of Technology，says doctors should tailor their adviceparticularly for ol
39、der patients.He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss“realistic options”to increase activitysuch as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.Prof Kevin Fenton at Public Health England，says，“Everyone needs to be active every dayshort periods of 10 or more minut
40、es of physical activity have proven health benefits，but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.”This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.语篇解读语篇解读文章主要讲述了研究者发现目前的运动建议不切实际，针对
41、不同人群文章主要讲述了研究者发现目前的运动建议不切实际，针对不同人群应该有不同的标准。应该有不同的标准。语篇解读12.What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?A.10-minute exercise.B.20-minute exercise.C.60-minute exercise.D.150-minute exercise.答案解析13141215解析解析细节理解题。文章第一段第一句提出了当前的运动量是不切实细节理解题。文章第一段第一句提出了当前的运动量是不切实际的。第二句又进一步强调每周际的。第二句又进一步强调每
42、周150分钟的运动量对某些人来说是很难分钟的运动量对某些人来说是很难达到的，可知目前的运动建议量为达到的，可知目前的运动建议量为150分钟。分钟。13.What can we learn from the second paragraph?A.A 10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.B.Heart diseases happen easily to the old in activity.C.Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.D.Inactivity easily
43、 brings about many serious diseases.答案解析13141215解析解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease，type 2 diabetes(糖尿病糖尿病)and some types of cancer.”可知心脏病、糖尿病以及部分癌症与不活动有关。可知心脏病、糖尿病以及部分癌症与不活动有关。所以所以D项正确。项正确。14.What is the suggestion of Prof Philipe
44、 de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?A.People should spend less time on exercise.B.People should lower their activity levels.C.People should increase exercise properly.D.People should achieve their current goals.答案解析1314121513141215解析解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Prof Philipe de Souto
45、 Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse，advises people who are sedentary(久坐的久坐的)to make small incremental increases in their activity levelsrather than pushing to achieve current goals.”可知他建议应可知他建议应该适量递增运动量。故选该适量递增运动量。故选C项。项。15.Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines
46、?A.They are impractical.B.They are reasonable.C.They have no effect on us.D.They are popular with people.答案解析13141215解析解析细节理解题。根据文章前两句中的细节理解题。根据文章前两句中的“unrealistic”“”“beyond the reach of some people”等词汇可知，它们是不切实际的。等词汇可知，它们是不切实际的。专题一高考作文专项突破专项突破一三类热点作文的审题立意千古文章意为高。“意犹帅也，无帅之兵，谓之乌合。”作文的“意”就是作文的“帅”，可见审题
47、立意之重要。立意直接关系到文章的选材、布局，乃至文章的深度。立意是决定考场作文脱颖而出的重要因素。因此，我们必须掌握常见作文的审题立意的方法。类型一一般文字材料作文的审题立意（一）提炼中心法这是写材料作文最为常见和稳妥的审题立意的方法。如果能准确提炼材料的中心，并以之作为文章的主旨，那么所写文章定能既切题又有深度。那么，如何提炼中心呢？考生在审题时要透过现象看本质，从列举的现象中概括出规律（或材料中心）的内容。具体操作时，一般可分为三步：1.概括中心（人物事件结果）；2.提炼道理（一般有关键词句提示）；3.组织观点句，并将其压缩成主谓宾完整的句子。【例1】阅读下面的文字，根据要求写一篇不少于8
48、00字的文章。秋天，雁群为过冬而朝南方迁徙，沿途以“V”字队形飞行，当每一只大雁展翅拍打时，其他的大雁立刻跟进，整个雁群随之抬升。借着“V”字队形，整个雁群比每只大雁单飞时，至少增加了71%的飞升能力。最重要的是，雁群从不会丢下队友不管，假如一只大雁因生病或受伤而脱队时，会有两只大雁脱队跟随它，并帮助和保护它，直到那只大雁能够独立飞行或死掉，它们才会飞走。要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。（1）请提炼这则材料的中心：_（2）确定你的文章立意：_【写作提示】此题属于材料作文，材料叙述的是自然界中鸟类的迁徙现象。审题时先要弄清材料的中
49、心内容。材料叙述的是雁群向南方迁徙时的两个场景：一是雁群呈“V”字队形飞行；二是有一只大雁脱队时，会有两只大雁跟随着帮助和保护它，直到那只大雁能够独立飞行或死掉。然后可以从中提炼出中心：从材料中雁群飞行时呈“V”字队形，使“整个雁群随之抬升”“整个雁群比每只大雁单飞时，至少增加了71%的飞升能力”，可以提炼出团队的力量等相关信息；从一只大雁掉队，会有两只大雁留下来帮助它，可以提炼出团结互助、朋友间相互关怀等相关信息。【立意参考】（1）团结互助；（2）团结起来力量大；（3）个人与集体不可分割；（4）要有团队精神。（二）抓关键词句法对于材料作文而言，考生在审题立意时除了要整体把握材料内容，提炼材料
50、中心外，还要能抓住材料的关键语句和词语，领悟材料的内涵和主旨，再对内涵和主旨进行拓展和挖掘。我们知道，材料中的关键词句往往是“文眼”，材料的主旨蕴含其中，所以可以将关键词句作为把握材料进行审题立意的突破口。值得注意的是，材料中的关键句往往是人物的评论性语句、命题者的提示性语言等。【例2】阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。经过了九十年的沧桑漂泊，一位诗人终于站在了上帝的面前，上帝很纳闷地问他：“我让你这一生经历这么多坎坷蹉跎，承担生命所不能承受之重，奇怪的是你一直都面带笑容，你能告诉我你是如何做到的吗？”诗人淡然微笑：“告诉苦难，我们是糖。”请根据上述材料，结合自身实际，自选角度，自定立意，自拟题目，
