1、1.作状作状语语2.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语3.作宾补作宾补过去分词过去分词Grammar过去分词过去分词 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成过去分词表完成、被动被动,与主句主语之间与主句主语之间是被动关系是被动关系;现在分词表进行、主动现在分词表进行、主动,与与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可
2、使用现在则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。分词的完成被动式或过去分词。一、过去分词作状语一、过去分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动过去分词表完成、被动,作状语时作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、状语可表时间、原因、让步、让步、结果、结果、方式、方式、条件等。条件等。观察下列的句子观察下列的句子:Once published,his works(=Once his works was published,)became famous for the absence of rhy
3、me at the end of each line.PP作时间状语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或或while来强调时间概念。来强调时间概念。过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.When heated,ice will be changed into water.2.When it is seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-poi
4、nted shape.Seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语1.Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.2.Because it was done in a hurr
5、y,his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语过去分词作条件或者假设状语1.If they had been given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.2.If I am compared with you,we still have a long way
6、to go.Compared with you,we still have a long way to go.作方式或伴随情况状语作方式或伴随情况状语1.The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.The hunter left his house,and he was followed by his dog.2.She sat by the window,lost in thought.She sat by the window,and she was lost in thought.lost 表示一种迷失心理状态表示一种迷失心理状态1)过去分
7、词在句子中可以作时间状语、过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。主语与句子主语一致。Summary过去分词作状语过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作表示已经完成的动作,因此因此,当过去分当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动主语的逻辑关系被动,例如例如:Rewrite with proper conjun
8、ctions1.United we stand,divided we fail.If we are united,we will stand,but if we are divided,we will fail.Example:2.Asked what had happened,he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened,he told us about it.3.Well known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.Bec
9、ause he was well known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.4.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.5.Once translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese te
10、enagers.Once it was translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.6.Deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.7.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he
11、 was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.用过去分词作状语来改写句子。用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days._,I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journeyGiven timeConfused by the new surroundings4)When he was questioned by the p
12、olice about the fire,he became tense._ _ _,he became tense.Questioned by the police about the fireFind out the sentences with same meaning.1.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.2.While I was confus
13、ed by the new surroundings,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Confused by the new surrounding,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3.As I was exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.1.Following the old man,we went upstairs.we followed (跟着那个老人跟着那个老人
14、,我们上去了我们上去了)2.Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.(we were)(被那个老人跟着被那个老人跟着,我们上去了我们上去了)Compare3.从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen4.从太空看从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.See
15、nB A Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time,the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._ the book,I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用._ at her,he jumped with joy._at by her,he jumped with joy.UsedUsingLookingLooked注意注意:选择现在分词还是过去分
16、词选择现在分词还是过去分词,关关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。反之就用过去分词。Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.frighten trap follow shootFrightenedfollowed3)If _ in a burning building,you should send for help.4)Although _in the leg,he continued
17、firing at the police.trapped shot二、过去分词作定语二、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短而分词短语作定语语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。则须置于被修饰词的后面。1.Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。上星期我们组织了一次去
18、森林的旅行。2.A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.今天发出的信后天就能收到。今天发出的信后天就能收到。分词作分词作定语定语可以转换成定语从句可以转换成定语从句:He worked as a worker building roads.(主动主动)=He worked as a worker who/that built roads.This is a picture painted by my father.(被动被动)=This is a picture which was painted by my fa
19、ther.I know the young man sleeping on the bench.(在进行在进行)=I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.(已完成已完成)=The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语定语,前后常有逗号。前后常有逗号。Some of them,born
20、 and brought up in country villages,had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人他们当中有一些人,生长在农村生长在农村,从未从未见过火车。见过火车。过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:单个的过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被通常放在被修饰的名词之前修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语前置定语A.被动意义：被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客人 (受伤的工人受伤的工人)are now being taken good care
21、of in the hospital.B.完成意义完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休的教师一位退休的教师They are cleaning _ (落叶落叶)in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves2.后置定语后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修通常放在被修饰的名词之后饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定它的作用相当于一个定语从句。语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called gue
22、sts invited(=)to your part last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited如果被修饰的词是由如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示所构成的复合代词或指示代词代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如如:Is there anything unsolved?There is noting changed here since I left thi
23、s town.注意注意:三、过去分词三、过去分词作宾补作宾补1.从时间上从时间上:表动作已经完成表动作已经完成 come,go,fall,change(表位移表位移,变化的变化的 不及物动词不及物动词)I found the countryside changed a lot.2.从语态上从语态上:表被动表被动 I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补1.表表“希望希望,要求要求”的动词：的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order +(to be)doneI want the work(to be)fini
24、shed by Sunday.Jim ordered the room(to be)cleaned.2.表表“感觉感觉,心理状态心理状态”的动词：的动词：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted.3.使役动词使役动词:make,get,have,keep I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.=I want to get the barber to cut my hai
25、r.=I want to let the barber cut my hair.4.介词短语作宾补介词短语作宾补 with,without+n.+p.p.Do you know the man with his hands tied back?They left without a dish touched.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behinds his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tiedD四、过去分词四、过去分词作表语作表语1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱用
26、作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱,主要表示主要表示 动作的完成和状态动作的完成和状态,此时相当于一个形容词。此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语句子主语 为动作的承受者为动作的承受者,后面常跟后面常跟by短语。短语。The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom.The windows are closed.The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示表示“感觉流露感觉流露”的一些过去分词的一些过去分词(如如:interested,surprised,excited
27、,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词和一些过去分词(如如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语常用作表语,表示状态表示状态,其中有些其中有些仅表示状态仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。如毫无被动意味。如:She was very disappointed to hear the result.Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.How did the audience receive the new play?They got very excited.How did Bob do in the
28、 exams this time?Well,his father seems pleased with his results.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语C解析解析:该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有此题被动结构作表语。类似的有:get burnt,get hurt,get woundedA.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay1)The r
29、ooms are _,so you cant move in.A.painted B.painting C.being painted D.to be painted2)As soon as he entered the city,he _.A.was losing B.got losing C.grew lost D.got lost 3)What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him.A.disappointing;disappointed at B.disappointing;disappointed about C.disa
30、ppointing;disappointed with D.disappointed;disappointing by CDC1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing考点点拨考点点拨C 简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分是待选部分是一个作定语、修饰一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后的后置分词短语置分词短语;再根据再根据 Th
31、e Olympic Games 对对于动词于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受来说只能是被动承受,且已完成且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。因此。因此,该题应选该题应选C。2.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 简析简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表达测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句 which is spoken。B 3.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited
32、 B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 简析简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表达测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句who were invited。A 4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 简析简析:测试过去分词短语作定语放在所测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语可以用非
33、限制性定语从句从句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。D 5.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 简析简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表达测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句which were written。D 另外另外,分词作状语时分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语如果其逻辑主
34、语与整个句子的主语不一致时与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独需要独立主格结构或立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。复合结构来替代。(此时此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语补足语)例例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied简析简析:很显然很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而而 his hands
35、 对于动词对于动词 tie来说来说,只能是被动承受。因此只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。D 6.When _ if she would request a rise,the actress said that money was not important.A.asked B.asking C.having asked D.being askedA 7.Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it.A.advert
36、ises B.advertising C.advertised D.to advertiseC 8._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given D9.Mr Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring A 11.When _,the museum will be open to the public
37、 next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completedAA12.If _ the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.A.giving B.give C.given D.being given 13._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Foundin
38、g CCwrittenwritingrepairedFilling in the blanks.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmoved用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(use)in this way,the word shouldnt be taken as a verb.2._(arm)with special guns,knives and brushes,two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft.3.Though _(catch)in a t
39、raffic jam,we managed to arrive at the airport.UsedArmedcaught4.Susan is not easy to get along with.But once _(gain),her friendship will last forever.5.Henry didnt attend the party _(hold)at Toms house last night,for he was busy preparing for his exam.gainedheld _(move)by what I said,she stood there
40、 for a moment.感我此言良久感我此言良久立立 (白居易白居易 琵琶行琵琶行)_(give)the talent by the heaven,I will employ it!天生我材必有用天生我材必有用(李白李白 将进酒将进酒)Enjoy some beautiful sentencesEnjoy some beautiful sentencesMovedGiven_(wake)at dawn from a misty dream,I read,a year later,news from home.远梦归侵晓远梦归侵晓,家书到隔年家书到隔年(杜牧杜牧 旅宿旅宿)When _(question)under a pine tree,“My teacher,”the pupil answered,“went for herbs”.松下问童子松下问童子,言师采药去。言师采药去。(贾岛贾岛 寻隐者不遇寻隐者不遇)WakenquestionedHomeworkSummarize the rules of past participles used as attributives and adverbials.
