1、.以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案P ART IVPROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION15 MINThe passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of O N E error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word an
2、d write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash/and put
3、the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLE(1)an(2)neverWhen art museum wants a new exhibit,It never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.When a natural history museum wants an exhibition it must often build it.(3)exhibit2012 年专八完整真题，可到上海外语教育出版社四八级在线网站观看。Proofrea
4、d the given passage on A N S W E R SHEET T W O as instructed.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally orfreely.The argument has been going since at least the first(1)century B.C.Up to the beginning of the 19th century,many writersfavored certain kind of“free”
5、translation:the spirit,not the letter;the(2)sense not the word;the message rather the form;the matter not(3)the manner.This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who(4)wanted the truth to be read and understood.Then in the turn of 19th(5)century,when the study of cultural anthropology suggest
6、ed thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language(6)was entirely the product of culture,the view translation was impossible(7)gained some currency,and with it that,if was attempted at all,it must be as(8)literal as possible.This view culminated the statement of the(9)extreme“lite
7、ralists”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical:the purpose of the translation,the nature of the readership,the type of the text,was not discussed.Too often,writer,translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other.Now,the context has changed,and the basic prob
8、lem remains.(10)参考答案：参考答案：1.going since加入 on题解：go on 的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。2.certain改为 a certain题解：此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法”，第一次出现这种方法.a n Wh e n a r t m u s e u m w a n t s a n应该加上不定冠词。3.rather改为 not题解：根据原句的句子结构，rather 应改为 not。4.is 改为 was题解：此句应该为过去时。5.in 改为 at题解：at the turn of 19th century“十
9、九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。6.the 删去第二个 the题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，所以不用定冠词。7viewtranslation加入 that题解：在 view 和 translation 之间加上 that，可将“translation was成 view 的同位语。impossible”看8.was删去 was题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。9.culminatedthe加入 in题解：culminate in 是“以.告终”的意思，符合上下文含义。10.and 改为 but题解：根据原句意思“现在背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在”，两句话之间应该是转 折关系。应该加上不定
10、冠词。7 v i e w t r a n s l a t i o n 加入2011 年专八真题改错部分From a very early age,perhaps the age of five or six,I knew that when I grew I should be a writer.Between the ages of aboutseventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea,but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature an
11、d that1 2 soon or later I should have to settle down and write 3 I was thechild of three,but there was a gap of five yearson either side,and I barely saw my father before I was eight.For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely,and I soon developedbooks.4 disagreeing mannerisms which made me unp
12、opular throughout my5 8 9 10 schooldays.I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons,and I think from6 the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of7 being isolated and undervalued.I knew that I had a facility with words
13、and a power of facing in unpleasant facts,and I felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failurein everyday life.Therefore,the volume of serious i.e.seriously intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a
14、dozen pages.I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five,my mother taking it down to dictation.1，在 grow 后加 up,考固定短语2，改 consience 为 consciousness考词语区别，consience 翻译为“良心，道德心”,consiousness 翻译为“意识”3，改 soon 为 sooner，sooner or later 是固定短语4，在 child 前加 middle,考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位5，改 disagreeing 为 disagreea
15、ble，disagreeing 只能作动名词，不能作形容词。disagreeablemannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯6，改 imaginative 为 imaginary,考词语区别 译为“想象的，虚构的”imaginative 翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary 翻7，改 literal 为 literary,考词义区别，literal 翻译为“字面的”，literary 翻译为“文学方 面的”8，去掉 face 后的 in，face 接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法9，在 world 后加 in 或者改 which 为 where,考定语从句10，改 Therefore 为
16、 However 或者 Nevertheness,考语境。感悟：11 专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简单一点。本人认为词义区别考得过多了。2 0 1 1 年专八真题改错部分1 2 s o o n o r l a2010 年专八真题改错部分So far as we can tell,all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication:that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the
17、things their speakers want to say.2 1 Theremayormaynotbeappropriateto primitive3 talkaboutpeoples or cultures,but that is another matter.Certainly,not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics orpsychology or the cultivation of rice.Whereas this is not the5 6 9 life.4 fault of th
18、eir language.The Eskimos,it is said,can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in English,but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes miscalled primitive)is inherently more precise and subtle than English.This example does not come to light a def
19、ect in English,a show of unexpected primitiveness.The position issimply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar7 environments.The English language will be just as rich in terms8 for different kinds of snow,presumably,if the environments in whichEnglishwas habitually used made
20、such distinction as important.Similarly,we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufactureor cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos 10 2010 年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词1 be 后插入 as;2 their 改为 its;3 There 改为 It;asas 引导的比较级its 代替 ev
21、ery languageIt 此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4 Whereas 改为 But；语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas 表示对比5 further 改为 muchfurther 不能修饰比较级6 come 改为 bring;(sth)come to light,bring sth to lightbring to light the defect of English=bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷7similar 改为 different;根据语境应该用 different 8 will 改为 would;虚
22、拟语气9 as important 去掉 as;10 the part 去掉 the 或者改 the 为 abe/become/form(a)part of 是固定短语2 0 1 0 年专八真题改错部分1 T h e r em a yo rdifferenceor even09 专八改错原题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further (1)between school lore and nursery
23、lore.In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood,is not usually passed on again when the (2)little listenerhas grown up,and has children of their own,(3)grandchildren.The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventy (4)years.Withtheplayground lor
24、e,(5)on within the very (6)therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassedhour it is learnt;and in the general,it passesbetween children of the same age,or nearly so,since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years.If,therefore,a playground rhyme can be shown to have
25、beencurrently for a hundred years,or even just for fifty,it follows that it (7)hasbeenretransmittedoverandover;verypossiblyithaspassed (8)along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers,and the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling,(9)to let alone that it bears resemb
26、lance to the (10)答案分析：(1)the further difference 改为 a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）(2)改 when 为 until,结构 not.until 翻译为“直到才”(3)their 改为 his（代词与前文 a little listener 在单复数上保持一致）(4)something 改为 anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore 改为 however（根据上下文逻辑关系）(6)in the general 去掉 the（习惯用法 in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠
27、词）(7)currently 改为 current（这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）(8)it has passed 改为 it has been passed（与分号前的被动保持一致）(9)live 改为 alivealive 翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live 翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语(10)to let alone 改为 let alone(let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说d i f f e r e n c e o r e v e n 0 9 专八改错原题g r a n2008 年专八真题短文改错The desire to use langu
28、age as a sign of national identity is a very natural one,and in result language has played a prominent part in national moves.Men have often felt the need to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive from another race whose hegemony they resent.At the time the United States split
29、off from Britain,for example,there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a different language from those of Britain.There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew.Others favouredthe adoption of Greek,though,as one man put it,things would cer
30、tainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English and made the British learn Greek.At the end,as everyone knows,the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before.Since nearly two hundred years now,they have shown the world that p
31、olitical independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.20081.in result 改成 in consequence，2 moves 改成 movements.3 distinctive 改成 distinct 或 different 4 在 time 后加 when5 accepted 改成 realized 6 those 改成 that7 删除 on,8 At 改成 In9 c
32、arrying with 改成 carrying on with10 now 改成 ago 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 0 0 8 年专八真题短文改错 1 5 7 07 专八真题 短文改错From what has been said,it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest records of ancien
33、t languages show us language in a new and emerging state.It is often said,of course,that the language originated in cries of anger,fear,pain and pleasure,and the necessary evidence is entirely lacking:there are no remote tribes,no ancient records,providing evidence ofa language with a large proporti
34、on of such cries than we find in English.It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory,but in other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure.The fact thatsuch noises are similar
35、 on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference between these noises and language proper.We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions,instinctive to large extent,whereas language pr
36、oper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1,改 and 为 or,any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句 中用 or2,改 show 为 showing,现在分词作定语3，删除 the,表示泛指4，改 and 为 but,根据语境此处是转折5，改 large 为 larger,后面有 than,应该用比较级6，
37、改 in 为 on,on other grounds“基于其它理由”，为固定搭配 7，改 return 为 response,in response to“对作出反应”8，删除 on,emphasize sthemphasize 是及物动词9，在 large 前加 a,extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。to a large extent翻译为“在很大程 度上”10，改 these 为 thosethose that/who 为固定形式0 7 专八真题 短文改错1 5 6 7 8 9 2006 专八短文改错We use language primarily as a means of co
38、mmunication withother human beings.Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular message:the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and aset of grammat
39、ical rules which enables him to communicate histhoughts and feelings,in a variety of styles,to the other English 5 speakers.His vocabulary,in particular,both that which he uses active-ly and that which he recognises,increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience.6 But,wheth
40、er the language store is relatively small or large,the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual,unless1 2 3 4 7mosthe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by anothermember of his linguistic community;he bas to give the system aconcretetransmissionform.W
41、etakeitforgrantedthetwo 8common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare 9 amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.10 1,改 agreeing 为 agreedagreed conventions 翻译为“习俗”2，words 前加 the,此处为特指3，改 in 为 atat ones disposal 为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4，改
42、 enables 为 enable，定语从句与先行词 vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules 保持一 致5，删除 the,此处需要泛指6，改 old 为 older,此处需要比较级7，改 seen 为 understood，system 应该是被理解8，删除 ittake sth for grantedtake it for granted that 9,改 or 为 and,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10，most 前加 the,形容词最高级中 that 一般不能省略2 0 0 6 专八短文改错1 7 m o s t h e h a s a m
43、 e2005 年专八真题短文改错The University as BusinesA number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low rate of inflation.They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in commo
44、n 1 stock.I am skeptical.A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues,irrespective fluctuations in income;and increasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms.The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic unc
45、ertainty 4 increases the demand for education.The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job(this is primarily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition);the poor ones job prospects,6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in o
46、rder to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majors,student evaluations of teachers,giving studentsagovernancerole,and courses.eliminaterequired 8 Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customer
47、s.Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition,universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations,so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from
48、 professional teams.And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students,by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on the
49、ir best 10 customer.1.investing 应改为 invested，过去分词作定语2.在 irrespective 和 fluctuations 之间加上介词 of。irrespectiveOf 是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。3.把 those 改为 that，that 此处代替 outlook4.在 fact 和 economic 之间力口上关系代词 that。这是一个同位语从语，that 在同位语从句中是不 能省略的.5.把定冠词 the 去掉,in school 表示上学这个抽象意义2 0 0 5 年专八真题短文改错ag
50、o v e r n a n c er o l6.把形容词 poor 改为其比较级 poorer。这句中的 poor 与后面的 more 形成一对比较关系，表示“越越”7.在 ways 和 which 之间加上一个介词 in。8.这里应该用动词的lng 形式，即 eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的 giving(students governance role)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。9.将 shorten(缩短；使变短)改为 reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。a10将 to give discounts on 改为 to give dis
