1、 中考英语 动 词 专 题 复 习动 词 专 题 复 习 A、考点: 一、七种时态(过去、现在、将来? 一般、进行还是完成?) 一般现在时(及被动语态) 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般将来时(及被动语态) 一般过去时(及被动语态) 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时(不单独考察,但阅读理解会有) 1、动词时态 (1)一般现在时表示现在经常做的事,习惯性动 作,现在的状态,或者客观真理。 注意动词的第三人称单数形式。 (2)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。 构成:am, is, are+ 现在分词(动词的ing形式) (3)现在完成时。结构:have/ has+过去分词 现在完成时的两个含义:
2、过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或 影响。(着重现在的结果。) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动 作或状态。用延续性动词。 (4)一般将来时表示从现在看将要发生的事 (将会怎么样),或计划打算做某事。 结构:will+动词原形,be going to+动词原 形 (5)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。 动词要用过去式。 (6)过去进行时指过去某一时刻或某段时间 正在进行的动作,也表示一个动作进行时,另 一个动作突然发生,或者一个动作发生时,另 一个动作正在进行。 结构:was/ were+现在分词(动词的ing形式) (7)过去将来时是指从过去的某一时 间看,将要发生的事,或某
3、人说过他要干 什么。 结构:would+动词原形 (8)过去完成时是指到过去的某个时 间为止已经完成的动作,或者指过去的某 个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作(过去 的过去)。 结构:had+过去分词。 2、时态一致原则: (1)在宾语从句中,如果主句是现在时,从句的动 词可根据意义,用所需的任何时态。 (2)在宾语从句中,如果主句是过去时,从句的时 态一般要用过去的某个时态(客观真理除外)。 在宾语从句中,如果主句是过去时,从句的动作 发生在主句动作之前,要用过去完成时(过去的过去)。 在宾语从句中,如果主句是过去时,从句的动作 发生在主句动作之后,要用过去将来时:would+动词原形 (3)在
4、时间状语从句和条件状语从句中(或在让步 状语从句中),如果主句是一般将来时(或祈使句, 或含情态动词can, may, must),从句要用一般现在 时表示将来。 二、动词形式 (1)原形(除“一般现在时的第三人称单数”外的 一般现在时、祈使句、不带to的动词不定式,助动词 will/wont/do/dont/does/doesnt/ did/didnt等后接动词原形,情态动词+动词原形等) (2)带to的动词不定式 (to +动词原形) (3)动词的-s形式(用于一般现在时的第三人称单 数) (4)动词的ing形式(动名词,现在分词) (5)过去式 (用于一般过去时) (6)过去分词(构成完
5、成时和被动语态) 1、动词原形 (1)一般现在时除单三形式都用原形。 ( 2 ) 祈 使 句 : 动 词 原 形 开 头 , 可 加 please, let。 否定祈使句 Dont +动词原形 (3)助动词do, does, did帮助构成疑问 句 后 用 动 词 原 形 , dont, doesnt, didnt, will, wont +动词原形 ( 4 ) 情 态 动 词 can, could, cant, couldnt, may, must, mustnt, should 等+动词原形 (5)had better do sth, had better not do sth. (6)w
6、hy not do sth? (7)would you please do sth? would you please not do sth? (8)prefer to do sth rather than do sth else (9)不带to的动词不定式 使役动词let, have, make sb. do sth ( 改为被动语态要加to) 感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice(注意到) sb. do sth. (改为被动 语态要加to) (看到,听到,感到,注意到某人做了某事) 注意:see, hear, watch, notice sb. doing
7、 sth (看到,听到,感到,注意到某人正在做某事) 2、带to的不定式 动词不定式的否定 Mother told me not to go out alone at night. 跟动词不定式的动词 want (sb) to do sth ask (sb) to do sth. tell (sb) to do sth. seem to do (be) wish to do sth hope to do sth agree to do sth expect (sb) to do sth refuse to do sth decide to do sth make a decision to d
8、o sth afford to do sth have enough to do sth learn to do sth try to do sth fail to do sth find sb. to be 动词不定式作定语 Lets get something delicious to eat. Its ones duty to do sth. wait for ones turn to do sth. 动词不定式表目的 use sth. to do sth be used to do sth do(try) ones best to do sth He flew to Beijing t
9、o spend his holiday. He came to give us a talk yesterday. 形容词+动词不定式 be enough to do sth be afraid to do sth be sorry to do be glad to do Be careful to do sth Its (for sb.) to do sth. Its (of sb.) to do sth. too to结构 疑问词+动词不定式 where to go, what to do, how to do it, how to answer the question 下面的半情态动词
10、含to used to do sth would like to do sth be able to do sth have to do sth 3、动词的-ing形式-动名词 动名词做主语 Traveling by air is very exciting. Taking care of our environment is very important. 动名词做宾语 keep doing sth. practise doing sth enjoy doing sth finish doing sth be worth doing sth give up doing sth keep on
11、 doing sth carry on doing sth feel like doing sth 介词+动名词作宾语 be good at doing sth do well in doing sth instead of doing sth stop sb. (from) doing sth prevent sb. (from) doing sth keep sb. from doing sth(阻止某人做某事) keep sb. doing sth(使某人不断做某事) 4、既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动名词的动词 like, love, hate(恨,讨厌), begin, start 5
12、、下列动词跟动词不定式和跟动名词意思不同 remember doing sth 记得做了 remember to do sth 记着要做 forget doing sth 忘记做过了 forget to do sth 忘了要做 stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来做另一件事 go on doing sth 继续做 go on to do sth 接下来做 6、动词的-ing形式-现在分词 现在分词表伴随动作 be busy doing sth Beethoven worked all night writing down the new piece o
13、f music. friends get together and go from house to house singing Christmas songs. 现在分词用于进行时: 现在进行时:am/ is/ are+现在分词 过去进行时: was/ were+现在分词 7、过去分词(规则变化+ed, 不规则变化) 过去分词构成完成时、被动语态 现在完成时: have/ has+过去分词 被动语态一般现在时:am,is,are+过去分词 一般过去时:was, were+过去分词 一般将来时: will be+过去分词 含情态动词:can/may/must be+过去分词 B、做题方法: 1
14、、根据上下文和关键词(信号词) 判断时态。 2、注意动名词、不定式、原形 3、注意单、复数 4、想着被动语态 A My little brother is a couch-potato(电视迷). He can keep 1_ (watch)TV for a whole day without a rest. One day, when he2_(watch) TV, he3_(stop)by my mother. Mother said to him, “If you4_(watch)it for too long. Your eyes5_(become) bad!” watching wa
15、s watching was stopped watch will become Exercises: B I think the children can _ (1 share) some housework, its a big help because parents _ (2work) hard every day. Last Sunday morning, I _ (3 plan) to play football, but when I saw my mum _ (4 get) ready for the washing. I decided to help her. So I told my friends _ (5 play) football by themselves. Mum was happy to see that, she was proud of me. share work planned getting to play