1、English for Presentations at International Medical Conferences国际医学会议交际英语Unit 5Creating a PPT for Your Academic PresentationFunctions of PPTIHow to achieve a better PPTIIReflections and PracticeIII3After completing this section,you will be able to know the functions of PPT;be familiar with the ways t
2、o achieve better PPT;use PPT effectively at academic conferences.4Part IFunctions of PPT5Definition of PPTPowerPoint:“power”in“pointing”out the main idea(s)of the presentation.Effective presenters do not just dispense or cover material,but rather induct the audience into ways of understanding conten
3、t(Stoner,2007).PowerPoint is a presentational communication tool that incorporates reading and writing to enhance the presenters information and motivation.6Functions of PPT To highlight new points with an appropriate image or phrase7eg.In China,the morbidity of hypertension is increasing year by ye
4、ar.Hypertension has four characteristics:high morbidity,high mortality,high disability rate,and high medical cost.Functions of PPT To support technical information with clearly displayed data8Functions of PPT To indicate sequence by linking points together9Functions of PPT To offer evidence from the
5、 research to support the argument of the presenter PPT could provide the evidence with immediacy when it is the proper time for them to see.10Functions of PPT To integrate other visual aids to serve the presenters The powerfulness of PPT is embodied by one of its characteristics of “integrating capa
6、city”to involve in the other visual aids such as videos,pictures and even audios,flashes,etc.11Functions of PPTPPT can be a very powerful tool to enhance the impact of your presentation.Words and images presented in different formats can appeal directly to your audiences imagination,and add power to
7、 your speech.12Part IIIHow to Achieve a better PPT 13How to Achieve a better PPT Is my PPT full of too much of text?Did I convey what I want to say to the audience?Does my presentation show the figure or data properly?Is my presentation simply too boring?14How to Achieve a better PPT Three criteria:
8、Be professional;Be easy to read;Be not distracting.15Structure of an Academic PowerPointpTitle slide(1 slide)p Contents/Outline slide(0-1 slide)p Main bodyIntroduction/Background(1-2 slides)Objectives/Hypothesis/Research questions(1 slide)Methodology(1-3 slides)Results(and Discussions)(3-4 slides)Fu
9、ture work(0-1 slide)Conclusions(1-2 slides)p Summary slide(1 slide)p Acknowledgements slide(1 slide)p Q&A slide(0-1 slide)p References slide(0-1 slide)16Structure of an Academic PowerPointp Title slide:Title of your presentation,with a subtitle if the title is unclear;Your name;Contact information(e
10、-mail address,website,etc.);Affiliation(university/lab/hospital)logo;Date of the presentation(if space permitted).17Structure of an Academic PowerPoint18p Title slidepTitle Slide Title of the presentationBuild title bank.Find the key or“trigger”words.Use a full narrative title.Use consistent,linking
11、 or nesting concepts and vocabulary.Position the title at the center of the slide with fixed-width layouts,sometimes left-aligned,very rarely,right-aligned.Capitalize the title.19 Title of the presentationBuild your title bank:Verbal phrase pattern Deciphering the Epitranscriptome in Cancer Noun phr
12、ase patternCSB:An Emerging Actionable Target for Cancer Therapy Skin Commensal Antigens:Taking the Road Less TraveledResistance to Ibrutinib in B Cell Malignancies:One Size Does Not Fit All Lipid Droplets as Immune Modulators in Myeloid CellsSentence patternNatural Killer Cells Detect a Tumor-Produc
13、ed Growth Factor:A Vestige of Antiviral Resistance?Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Succinate Licenses Neural Stem Cells to Suppress Chronic Neuroinflammation Cell,201820 Title of the presentationFind the key or“trigger”words.If your title includes key words that other academics and researchers in y
14、our field are likely to search for,then your presentation is much more likely to attract the attention from those people.Use a full narrative title.Pick a title which makes completely clear what your argument,conclusions or findings are.A narrative heading tells the full story of your study or your
15、research.Especially in the hypothesis-based studies,a result-demonstrating title seems better than a purpose-exhibiting title.Effects of Oranges on Intelligence in MiceTitle 1 Eating Oranges Reduces Intelligence in MiceTitle 2Title 1 may attract less audience than Title 2 since the former describes
16、the purpose of the study while the latter presents its unique result.21 Title of the presentation Use consistent,linking or nesting concepts and vocabulary.Position the title at the center of the slide with fixed-width layouts,sometimes left-aligned,very rarely,right-aligned.22 Title of the presenta
17、tionCapitalize the title.Capitalize every initial letter of the content words(nouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs,etc.).For example:Or capitalize solely the initial letter of the first word of the title.For example:All capital letters are not welcome for its low readability.For example:23 Effects of Eati
18、ng Oranges on Intelligence in Mice Effects of eating oranges on intelligence in mice EFFECTS OF EATING ORANGES ON INTELLIGENCE IN MICE Title of the presentationName of the presenter:Westerners usually put their given names before their surnames.Usually we follow the Western style at an international
19、 conference.However,the Chinese style is also acceptable nowadays.Wang WenliChinese style Wenli WangWestern styleWhen the number of the characters in your given name and surname is the same,either of the above writing will bring confusion.In such case,its more advisable to capitalize your surname.Ga
20、ng ZHAO ZHAO GangIf the research project is done by more than one researcher,though only one presenter will be on the stage to make the presentation,other researchers names should also be placed in the title slide.Gang ZHAO,Wenli WANG24 Title of the presentationContact information:25 Title of the pr
21、esentationDate of the presentation:Dont insert the date in every slide.Choose the right time format.Chinese format of year-month-day is not a wise choice in an international conference.A British format is day-month-year,a completely reversed format from the Chinese one,while American format follows
22、month-day-year.2017.12.6 Chinese format 6th December 2017British format Dec.6,2017 American format26Structure of an Academic PowerPointp Table of Contents vs.OutlineTable of Contents slide(TOC)could help your audience to know where they are in your talking.You could also use it as a transition slide
23、 by highlighting the topic.However,for a presentation within 20 minutes or less,an outline can be helpful.A short outline can be useful to clarify the structure of the presentation.27Structure of an Academic PowerPointp Main body Background;Objectives/Hypothesis/Research questions;Methodology;Result
24、s(and Discussions);Future work/Further research;Conclusions.28pMain body Background:People do judge a book by its cover,you may want your cover your background slide to wake your audience up and grab their attention.So,your job is to make information interesting and make your first slide awesome.29
25、BackgroundUse pictures,images,videos/audios instead of texts.30 BackgroundStart with a research question or topic people are interested in or a story related.31 BackgroundExplain the difficult concept.32 BackgroundCite your resources correctly.33pMain body Objectives/Hypothesis/Research questions sl
26、ideDont use sentences,use phrases or expressions instead.Parallel the text with similar structure.If the first objective is nominal expression,the rest takes the same form.34 Objectives/Hypothesis/Research questions slideUse images,graphics to grasp the audiences attention,but not too many.35 Object
27、ives/Hypothesis/Research questions slideHighlight the keys words or expressions with colors36 Methodology slideMethodology is defined as“the systematic,theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study”.It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associa
28、ted with a branch of knowledge.37pMain body Results and discussions slides Some presenters prefer to present results and discussions separately,some do them together.Either way you pick,you should know the differences between them so that you wont make mistakes in your language choice.38 Results and
29、 discussions slideDifferences between Results and Discussions The Results section is not merely a string of numbers,tables and figures.It should include a narrative description of the data,the point of the analysis,and the implications of the analysis for the data.In this part,you should aim to narr
30、ate your findings without trying to interpret or evaluate them and you need to title your graphics,sometimes add footnotes to them.The Discussions section is a place to elaborate on the implications of data collected,how the data fit into the larger theory that is being proposed,or how they relate t
31、o other literature.39 Results and discussions slideDifferences between Results and DiscussionsBased on the pattern of data,the statistically significant two-way interaction in the analysis of variance implies that the treatment group improved on our test of knowledge more than the control group.Sent
32、ence 1 The ANOVA demonstrates that the treatment is effective.Sentence 2 The ANOVA demonstrates that we should be using our particular educational treatment rather than the other.Sentence 3 Sentence 1 shows the results while 2 and 3 belong to the discussions.40 Results:suggestionsDo not present all
33、the results you get.Pick the results in light of their significance,reliability and validity.Organize the results in a way that is easy to understand and orderly arranged.41 Results:suggestionsPresent the results as a series of subsections,with each subsection relevant to a given research question/o
34、bjective/hypothesis.Present sufficient and appropriate amount of data.Show the results with graphics rather than text.Use graphics tables,graphs,or figures judiciously and agree with the text.42 DiscussionsThe discussion section is not always about what you found,but what you did not find,and how yo
35、u deal with that.For this purpose,you should criticize the experiment,and be honest about whether your design was good enough or not.If not,suggest any modifications and improvements that could be made to the design.43 Future work/Future research slideto seek collaboration to be brief and concise44
36、Conclusion slideState your most important conclusions clearly and concisely.Use sentences more preferable than phrases and expressions.Highlight the important parts.Be relevant to your research questions/objectives/hypothesis.45Structure of an Academic PowerPointp Summary slideSummary slide can help
37、 the audience to review what you have talked about and consolidate those important points.Always put the most important information on your summary slide.You may use flow chart or diagram to leave the audience a deeper impression about your research.46p Acknowledgements slidethe corporationsthe name
38、s or photos of your collaborators47Structure of an Academic PowerPointpAcknowledgements slide48pAcknowledgements slide49Dos and Donts50PowerPoint is powerful when it is properly used.But the truth is that many users tend to add color,visual effects,animations and images to such an extent that may co
39、nsequently ruin a presentation by distracting the audience from the message that they are trying to convey.Dos and Donts51p Font and font size Stick to fonts that are common to every computer,usually the current default for Microsofts office suite.Song TypefaceCalibripFont and font size52 Avoid Seri
40、f Fonts such as Times New Roman or Palatino.Pick Sans-Serif Fonts such as Arial or Helvetica.Serifs with the small line“tails”at the edges of letters are better to read when printed;Sans-Serifs do not have the tails at the edge of the letter.GuangsuhArialpFont and font size53 Avoid using all capital
41、 letterseven for titles.Choose one font for your titles and another for your body text.All capitals ALL CAPITALSAll capitals ALL CAPITALSpFont and font size54 Avoid script type fontsalways.These fonts are hard to read.pFont and font size55 Make the font size large enough to be easily read from the b
42、ack wall of the room.Keep most text at a 28 or 32 point size,with titles being 36 to 44 point.Keep the font size consistent in titles,subtitles,texts,etc.If you give a subtitle 36,the other subtitles should also be 36;a text 28,the rest 28,so on and so forth.Dos and Donts56p Template and color schem
43、eUse your own template which may save you much time.Pick those templates that are available in both standard and widescreen formats so that they can be well demonstrated with different computers and projectors.Use template with high contrast of color scheme.Put page number in the same location on ea
44、ch slide.Dos and Donts57p Text Bullet points could help you to structure your supporting details and simplify your language.pText58 Clearly label each screen.pText59 Apply the 6 x 6 rule.pText60 Avoid italicized fonts or shadowed text as these are difficult to read quickly.pText61 Make sure each bul
45、let point appear one by one so that you could control what your audience sees at any given.Remember to give the lines appropriate spacing.pText62 Highlight those important parts with bold face or another color.Paralleled phrases are more acceptable than sentences.Actually,there is hardly ever a need
46、 for a complete sentence in a slide presentation.Make slide transitions from one topic or point to another so that it attracts attention and focuses interest.Use either italics or bold,not both to show your emphasis.pText63 Avoid abbreviations and acronyms if not necessary.Capitalize the initial let
47、ter of the first word in each bullet point.Always check and recheck your spelling.Avoid Chinese characters and Chinese punctuations in an English presentation.Dos and Donts64pVisual effects Stop the moving text.Use the“dim text”feature for bullet points.Dos and Donts65pPunctuation Limit punctuation
48、marks.Switch to English punctuation.pPunctuation66 Avoid using“、”and“”.Use comma to indicate a pause in a sentence instead.pPunctuation67 Space after the punctuation(except the opening quotation and parentheses marks).There is no space before or after a dash and a hyphen.Albert Einstein said:“I neve
49、r teach my pupils.I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn.”A dash but not a comma creates a strong separation of ideas within a sentence.Stem-cell graftpPunctuation68 No space is placed after the closing quotation mark(also the closing parentheses mark)if followed by another
50、 punctuation mark.pPunctuation69 Ellipsis has three periods instead of six.Use a comma between the day and the year in the month-day-year pattern.Oct.12,2017.No comma is needed in a day-month-year pattern.6th December 2017.pPunctuation70 Avoid the opening parentheses or quotation mark at the end of
