1、 语态是动词的一种形式，表示语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语主语和和动词动词之间之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者执行者，而被动，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的语态动词的主语是动作的承受者承受者。被动语态是动词。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。才有被动语态。英语语态英语语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 workedopenedclosed seentaught asked wo
2、rk close openask seeteache.g.由助动词由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。构成。助动词助动词be有有人称、数和时态的变化人称、数和时态的变化。英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be,结构分别结构分别be+pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They mak
3、e shoes in that factory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语/宾语宾语.by them.主动语态变被动语态口诀：主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键。关键。1、结构、结构 be+过去分词过去分词 (及物的及物的)2、各种时态的被动结构：
4、、各种时态的被动结构：一般现在时：主语一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词 The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world.A.considers B.is considering C.is considered D.has considered 一般过去时被动语态的构成：一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词e.g 1、The bridge was built last year.2、It was used in the old days.3、The PRC was foun
5、ded on October1，1949.1、结构、结构 be+过去分词过去分词一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+过去分词过去分词John _,for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A.would punished B.had punished C.punished D.was punished were planted The bridge waswas invitedplay把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；1、They planted these trees on weekends .Thes
6、e trees on weekends.2、The workers built the bridge in 1968 built by the workers in 1968.3、People invited Yao Ming to play basketball in The USA.Yao Ming to basketball in the USA.4、IBM produced this new type of laptop computer.This new type of laptop computer by IBM.was produced一般将来时：主语一般将来时：主语+will+
7、be+过去分词过去分词The new school _ when the new term begins.A.finishes B.will finish C.will be finished D.would finish现在进行时：主语现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过过去分词去分词-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.Rooms _.A.are painting B.are painted C.are being painting D.are being painted 含情态动词的被动语态构成：含情态动词的被动语态构成：
8、情态动词（情态动词（can/may/must/should）+be+及物动词过去分词及物动词过去分词 e.g 1、This bike can be repaired.2、The tree must be put straight in the hole.3、The classroom should be cleaned every day.把下列主动句变被动句：把下列主动句变被动句：1、We should plant the trees around the lake 2、We must repair the computer now .3、Students should correct th
9、eir mistakes .4、We must water the trees well.The trees should be planted around the lake .The computer must be repaired now .Their mistakes should be corrected .The trees must be watered well.1、一般现在时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态2、一般过去时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态3、一般将来时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态4、现在进行时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态5、情态动词的被动语态、情态动词
10、的被动语态 被动语态的用法：被动语态的用法：1、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；2、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；3、只需强调动作的承受者时。、只需强调动作的承受者时。各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+P.PS+was/were+P.P.S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+
11、am/is/are+being+P.P.S+have/has+been+P.P.S+was/were+being+P.P.Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom.Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom.He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.1.The bri
12、dge (build)last year.2.The Olympic Games (hold)every four years.3.The problem (discuss)at the meeting now.4.His new book (publish)next month.5.The classroom (not clean)yet.was built are held is being discussed will be published has not been cleaned 6.The machine (repair)at this time yesterday.7.She
13、said the report (type)by Li Mei for two weeks.8.Miss Li said the book (give)to the students the next morning.9.By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn).10.He said the project .(finish)by 2010.was being repairedhad been typed would be given will have been learnedwould have been fini
14、shed When can we use the passive voice?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。作的执行者时。My bike was stolen last night.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨八点收取。The desk was made by Master Wang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister.那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受
15、者时。为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。3.为了更好地安排句子。为了更好地安排句子。The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。I have a new skirt.It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt.我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。4.在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：How to change the a
16、ctive voice into the passive voice?将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主 语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be+过去分词过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语的宾语(若动若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语短语)。1.把把SVO（主动宾）句型的主动句转换成被动句，原（主动宾）句型的主动句转换成被动句，原句中的宾语作被动句的主语。句中的宾语作被动句的主语。e.g.Li Lei planted the tree
17、 last year.The tree was planted by Li Lei last year.Workers made the machines in Changsha.The machines were made in Changsha.基本方基本方法法 2.把把SVoO（主动间宾直宾）的主动句转换成被动（主动间宾直宾）的主动句转换成被动 句，常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。句，常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。e.g.They gave her a prize.She was given a prize.Xiao Lis brother taught him Engli
18、sh.Xiao Li was taught English by his brother.e.g.He painted the door green yesterday.The door was painted green yesterday.We called the student Clever Hans.The student was called Clever Hans.3.SVOC（主（主动动宾宾宾补）句型转换为被宾补）句型转换为被 动句时，原句中的宾语补语就成为主语补语。动句时，原句中的宾语补语就成为主语补语。4.短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动短语动词转换为被动态时，通
19、常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。e.g.They looked after the children well.The children were well looked after.We has put off the meeting till next week.The meeting has been put off till next week.e.g.Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today.We were told that Li Lei was praised by
20、the teacher today.5.复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态。如：的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态。如：英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况2.某些某些“be+形容词形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：要用主动形式表示被动意义：1.连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词连系动词(如如look,sound,smell,feel,tast
21、e 等等)可用主动表被动：可用主动表被动：The building looks very beautiful.这座建筑看上去很美。Her voice sounded quite sweet.她的声音听起来非常甜美。The book is difficult to understand.这书很难懂。The music isnt pleasant to listen to.这音乐不好听。3.不定式用于某些动词不定式用于某些动词(如如have,have got,get等等)的的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
22、的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。I have some clothes to wash.我有一些衣服要洗。Miss Green has some important letters to send.格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被 动式，比较：动式，比较：I have something to type.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)I have something to be typed.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)4.在在 tooto do sth 和和enough to do st
23、h这两个这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do sth为被动为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有有时也可直接用被动式时也可直接用被动式)。The tea is too hot to drink.茶太热，不能喝。These boxes are not strong enough to use to be used as a platform.这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。6.在在need,want,require等少数表示等少数表示“需要需要”的的 动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意动词后的动名词用主动
24、形式表被动意义。义。5.be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。后的动名词要用主动表被动。The house needs cleaning.房子需要打扫了。These children require looking after.这些孩子需要照看。The house needs to be cleaned.These children require to be looked after.This movie is worth seeing.这部影片值得一看。The problem is not worth discussing.这个问题不值得讨论。带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语
25、态结构（）（）make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see notice(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear/wa
26、tch/.We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song(by us).This song is often heard(by us)to be sung(by them).Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give teach pass lendtoHe
27、told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawforI bought my brother a book.注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by G
28、randma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported/believed/hoped/supposed that.1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong,happen,take plac
29、e,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。等。*Great changes have taken place in this city.*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have /fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The blackboard is looked at
30、by you 4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book
31、sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。The book is sold out.这块表需要修理一下。这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.wantDid he finish the work yesterday?Were the books taken away by the girl?Did the girl take away the books?Was the win
32、dow broken by Tom?_ Tom_ the window?Did breakWas the work finished by him yesterday？Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?Is talked by themDoesnt Bob clean the street every day?_ the street _ by Bob every day?Isnt cleanedHe told us to get to school early.Our parent
33、s ask us to stay at home at night.We were told to get to school early by him.We are asked to stay at home at night.-Did you go to the party?-No,I _(invite)wasnt invitedThe bridge _ in three weeks.(finish)You can go out if your homework _(do)will be finished is doneThis is one of the things that _(se
34、e)that day.were seenWhen was PRC _(found)?was seenThis is the only one of the things that _(see)that day.foundedYou should get your shoes _(wash)washed1下一届奥运会将于下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。年在伦敦举行。2 奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。3我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。4到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。The next Oly
35、mpic Games will be held in London in 2012.He was told by his grandma that the ring should be kept well.Im busy now.I have lots of homework to do.So far,the moon has been visited by earthmen several times.KEYKEYKEYKEYTranslate the following sentences into English.考点二考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态中的特殊情况:6.Good me
36、dicine _ bitter to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.sells感官动词感官动词,和和sell等动词用主动等动词用主动语态表被动语态表被动.7.Many people _ during the earthquake in May,2008.A.were died B.dead C.diedhappen,last,die等动词不使用等动词不使用被动被动.8.The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish bout wh
37、en the police walked past the park.A.was made;was seen to throw B.was made to;was seen throwing C.made;sawsee/hear sb.do sthbe seen/heard to do sthsee/hear sb.doing sth.be seen/heard doing sth.make sb.do sth.be made to do sth.主动主动:被动被动:主动主动:被动被动:主动主动:被动被动:9.Children should _.A.take good care of B.be
38、 taken good care C.be taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词介词或副词10.Your desk _.A.needs repair B.needs repairing C.needs to repairneed,allow 可以用可以用-ing形式表示形式表示被动被动need to be done =need doingbe allowed to do=allow doing5你的外套该洗洗了。你的外套该洗洗了。6我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。7 这本书值得一看。这本书值得一看。8 有
39、人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。有人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。KEYYour coat needs cleaning/to be cleaned.I was bought a new bicycle by my father.This book is worth reading.He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.KEYKEYKEYKEY 9 你的理由听起来挺合理的你的理由听起来挺合理的。10 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。Your reason sounds reasonable.He was heard to say goodbye to his friend.KEY
