1、一、句子成分1 概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。2 主语主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词）（动名词）3 To see is to believe.（不定式）（不定式）What
2、 he needs is a book.（主语从句）（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语 It=that the elephant is round and tall like a tree4 在个别句型中，为了避免头重脚轻避免头重脚轻，这时前面用 it 作 形式主语形式主语。如：It is very interesting to play the game.It took two workers about three months to build th
3、e house.5 1.Do exercise is good for your health.2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！6 找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语 1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.主语小测主语小测7 谓语谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或
4、状态，常用动词或者动词词组主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。担任，放在主语的后面。I love you!He practises running every morning.8 The plane took off at 10 oclock.How often do you go shopping?Why didnt you come back last night?注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语,可以有各种时态和语态。（可以有各种时态和语态。（p13）9 You may keep the book for two weeks.He ha
5、s caught a bad cough.情态动词情态动词助动词助动词+v10 Open the door,please!Go and get some water for me.Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight.祈使句：祈使句：1.省略主语省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形11 谓语动词有两种：实义动词：meet move see finish pick.系动词：be(am is are.)12 其其 它它系动词系动词感官：感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look 变化：变化：become,ge
6、t,turn,go,come,grow 持续：持续：remain,stay,keep 13谓语总结谓语总结：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当动词充当(实义动词和系动词）实义动词和系动词）14 表语表语（predicative）：说明主语是什说明主语是什么或怎么样，位于系动词后面么或怎么样，位于系动词后面。My favorite subject is English.Thousands of people became homeless.The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.My happiness is to serve peo
7、ple heart and soul.My hobby is collecting stamps.My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.15 宾语宾语（object）：动宾表示行为的对）：动宾表示行为的对 象，象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。放在及物动词或者介词之后。I like China.He hates you.We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you I hope to see you again.Did you wri
8、te down what he said?16 介词后面的宾语：介词后面的宾语：介宾介宾 注意：人称代词要用注意：人称代词要用宾格宾格 I decided to go with _.A.he B.his C.her D.they E.she17 He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.间接宾语间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语直接宾语(sth)：双宾双宾 18 双宾语可以进行下面的改写:(p10)Mr Wang teaches us English.-Mr Wang teaches English to us.Mum bough
9、t me a gift.-Mum bought a gift for me.19 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?20 I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday
10、.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语21 宾语的补足语宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。语才能表达完整的意思。（补充说明宾语的（补充说明宾语的状态、身份、特征）状态、身份、特征）22 If you let me go,Ill make you king.Dont make your hands dirty.We found Li Ming out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I sa
11、w a girl go into the building.The boy ordered the dog to lie down.The boss kept them working all day.Yesterday he got his leg broken.23 She came She likes English.She is happy She gave John a book She bought a book for me.She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.24定语定语:用来修
12、饰名词或代词。用来修饰名词或代词。The black bike is mine.Whats your name?The boys in the room are in Class Three,Grade One.I have lots to eat and drink.The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.25 状语状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件 He did it carefully.They missed me
13、very much.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.When I was young,I could swim well.26 He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语when he was leaving for Paris.宾语从句宾语从句27the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语主语in
14、the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.whose sons were at war.主语从句主语从句定语从句定语从句28That is the fact.表表 语语what he needs.why he was late.because he was ill.表表 语从句语从句29He worked in that factory three years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhen he lived there地点状语从句地点状语从句时间状语从句时间
15、状语从句30指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句31 二、句子类型321 主语谓语主语谓语 She came.2 2 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语 She likes English.3 3 主语系动词表语主语系动词表语 She is happy.4 4 主语谓语主语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 S
16、he gave me a book 5 5 主语谓语宾语宾语补语主语谓语宾语宾语补语 She makes her mother angry.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型33并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,not onlybut also,but,however,for,soor,either.or,neither.nor34用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句He was tired,so he wen
17、t to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.Mr Wang is a boss.He hires two secretaries.3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.Mr Wang is a boss,and he hires two secretaries.35 动词的时态和语态36谓语谓语I.时态时态 现在现在1)He doesnt work in this factory.2)Is Tom watching TV in the sitt
18、ing-room now?3)They have learned three English songs already.4)We have been learning English for almost two years since Mr.Brown taught us.37过去过去 1)I didnt go there for some food yesterday.2)They were doing their homework when I entered their classroom.3)Before he arrived at the cinema,the film had
19、been on for four minutes.4)He said he would come here to help us.38 将来将来 1)Will they visit the museum next Sunday?2)I will be waiting for you at the school gate at 5 oclock tomorrow evening.3)She will have finished the report by the end of next month.39II.语态语态 基本结构 be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 现在1)Our bedroom
20、is often kept clean every day.2)Is our car being repaired in the garage now?3)The building over there has been built.40 过去过去1)Was this dictionary bought last Tuesday?2)The performance was being given in the street when I was passing by.3)The operation had been carried out on Tom before his parents g
21、ot to the hospital.4)The manager said that the goods would be sent to the chain-shops as soon as possible.将来将来1)A new chemical factory will be built among the hills far away from our town.4142高考题点击：高考题点击：1.I need one more stamp before my collection _.(94 N)A.has completedB.completes C.has been compl
22、eted D.is completed2.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.(98 N)A.payB.payingC.paidD.to pay说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC433.Books of this kind _ well.(99 上海)A.sellB.sellsC.are soldD.is sold4.Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory
23、closes.(01 北京春)A.loseB.will be lost C.are lostD.will lose说明说明：sell 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash,translate,write 等。说明说明：lose job 为“失业”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB445.A new cinema _ here.They hope to finish it next month.(2001 北京春季)A.will be builtB.is built C.has been built
24、D.is being built6.The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.(2001上海)A.has been designedB.had been designed C.was designedD.would be designed说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明说明：by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。DB457.This is Teds photo.We miss him a lot.He _ when he tried to sa
25、ve a child in the earthquake.(2002 北京春季)A.killedB.is killedC.was killed D.was killing8.I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.(2002上海)A.is to blameB.is going to blame C.is to be blamedD.should blame说明说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA469.
26、Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.(2002上海春季)A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut说明说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。C47(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teach
27、er with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.48 (二).选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The
28、days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C
29、.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give
30、B.did C.whom D.book 49 三)挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D People all over the world speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about
31、 you?A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the class.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.A B C D 50 (四)挑出
32、下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D 51 (五)挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr.Mrs.with the family name.A B C D What is your gi
33、ven name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D 52 (六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books.A B C
34、 He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground?A B C 53 (七)挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.A B C D Every nigh
35、t he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.A B C D She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.A B C D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D 54
