1、国际音标 犇 benben?-音 素 音素又称为音标音素又称为音标 最小的语音单位最小的语音单位 4848个音素个音素 音素音素:元音音素元音音素20+20+辅音音素辅音音素2828 自自行行车车银银行行音标是如何得来的呢？音标是如何得来的呢？AaAa Bb Cc Bb Cc DdDd EeEe Ff Ff GgGg HhHh Ii Ii JjJj KkKk LlLl Mm Mm NnNn OoOo Pp Pp QqQq RrRr Ss Ss TtTt UuUu Vv Vv WwWw Xx Xx YyYy ZzZz英 文 字 母（26）Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu通常在单词中发元音音素通常在单
2、词中发元音音素 （5个）元音元音字母字母 元音是音标的基础。元音是音标的基础。发音响亮，声带振发音响亮，声带振动，舌头、嘴唇、牙动，舌头、嘴唇、牙齿等发音部位没有任齿等发音部位没有任何的阻碍和磨擦何的阻碍和磨擦。Bb Cc Bb Cc DdDd Ff Ff GgGg HhHh JjJj KkKk LlLl Mm Mm NnNn Pp Pp QqQq RrRr Ss Ss TtTt Vv Vv WwWwXx Xx ZzZz 通常在单词中发辅音音素通常在单词中发辅音音素辅音字母（20个）Yy既可放在单词词首发辅音音素，又可单既可放在单词词首发辅音音素，又可单独和其它元音字母组合在单词中发元音独和其
3、它元音字母组合在单词中发元音音素。音素。半元音字母（1个）考考你26Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz5Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu3.英语中有_个辅音字母，分别是 _ _4.英语中有_ 个半元音字母，它是_。20Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Zz2.英语中有_个元音字母，分别是 _，1.英语中共有_个英文字母，分别是 _ _。1Yy/i:/u:/:/:/:/e/单元音单元音/e/e/i:/i
4、:/发音组合及代表单词发音组合及代表单词:e me me e h he e w we e e evenvenee bee beeee f feeeel dl deeeep frp freeee ea sea seaeat bt beaeat lt leaead td tea eaea eat t ie ie grgrieief belf belieieve achve achieieveveei ei recreceieive concve conceieiveveBlack tBlack teaea or gr or greeeen tn teaea?Can you sCan you see
5、ee the gr the greeeen n trtreeee?There is a kThere is a keyey on the s on the seaeat.t.Do you like to Do you like to eaeat mt meaeat?t?A friend in nA friend in neeeed is d is a friend inda friend indeeeed.d.i i sit bit kick pick wish/I It t i is a ps a pi ity.ty.ThThi is cs ci ity ty i is too nos to
6、o noi isy.sy.seat sit beat bit sheep ship/i:/VS.VS./音标特征音标特征:前元音前元音 半高音半高音 不圆唇不圆唇 短元音短元音 舌尖抵下齿舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起舌前部稍抬起,舌后接近硬颚舌后接近硬颚,比比 i:低。低。/e e/发音组合及代表单词发音组合及代表单词 e pe pe en bn be est bst be eg g e egg ngg ne et tea brea breaead brd breaeakfastkfast a a a any mny ma any ny ARE U READY?Benny gets an egg,
7、Benny gets an egg,Yellow and Yellow and red.red.Under his bed.Under his bed.Benny puts his egg,Benny puts his egg,音标特征:前元音 低舌音 不圆唇 短元音 发音要诀:舌前部最低，双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平行 牙床开的最大。软颚升起,唇自然开放 发音组合及代表单词:a ca ca ap mp ma ap bp ba ad md ma ad d b ba ank thnk tha ank lnk la ampmp/前元音、短元音The fat man has an apple.I have
8、 a happy family.有个老有个老dad（爸爸），（爸爸），脾气很脾气很bad（坏），（坏），很少很少glad（高兴），（高兴），气得太太气得太太mad（发疯），（发疯），孩子们都很孩子们都很sad（伤心）（伤心）She has a black bag She has a black bag and a black flag.and a black flag.b be eg bg ba ag g m me et mt ma at t b be ed bd ba ad d /e e/vsvs./前元音小结发前元音时必须注意：1)舌尖要抵住下齿。2)舌前部向硬颚部分抬起。3)双唇不要收圆
9、，前三个双唇平展，发 时口形要张大，扁唇。4)唇形舌位保持不变，否则就要发成双元音。/i:/i:/e e/中元音中元音/:/中元音是指发音时要使用舌中部。中元音是指发音时要使用舌中部。也就是说舌中部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵也就是说舌中部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住上齿，口型圆。住上齿，口型圆。音标特征：中元音音标特征：中元音 半高音半高音 不圆唇不圆唇 长元音长元音发音要诀：发音要诀：舌身平放,舌中部稍微抬起,成自然状态,口半开半闭.发音组合及代表单词：发音组合及代表单词：or wor worork wk wororker wker worormm ir b ir bir ird dd dir ir
10、ty affty affir irm m er t er tererm m ur b ur bururn sn sururf f ear p ear pearearl ll learearn n/:/1.1.ThThir irteen gteen gir irls in the thls in the thir ird pictured picture 2.2.T Tururn to page thn to page thir irty and ty and read the f read the fir irst st dialoguedialogue 3.3.The nThe nururs
11、e in a dse in a dir irty ty sk skir irt is feeding the bt is feeding the bir ird d/音标特征：中元音音标特征：中元音 半低音半低音 不圆唇不圆唇 短元音短元音发音要诀发音要诀：口半开半闭，牙床较张开，舌身平放，舌中口半开半闭，牙床较张开，舌身平放，舌中部稍微抬起，成自然状态。部稍微抬起，成自然状态。发音组合及代表单词发音组合及代表单词：a a a again gain a alike like a a manman a a pen pen er er teachteacherer moth motherer br
12、oth brotherer driv driver er or or doctdoctoror actactoror tuttutor or famfamouous s 后元音后元音:舌尖不触下齿舌尖不触下齿,舌身后缩舌身后缩,舌后部向软颚部分抬起。舌后部向软颚部分抬起。除了除了/:/:/,其余都是圆唇音。其余都是圆唇音。后元音小结后元音小结/:/:/u:u:/:/音标特征：后元音音标特征：后元音 低音低音 不圆唇不圆唇 长元音长元音发音要诀发音要诀：牙床大开，口张大，双唇张开而不圆。舌身平放牙床大开，口张大，双唇张开而不圆。舌身平放舌尖后缩，舌后微升，舌身微离下齿。舌尖后缩，舌后微升，舌身微
13、离下齿。发音组合及代表单词发音组合及代表单词：ar far dark hart farm garden bar star ear heart al half/:/:/Theres a large park near the farm.My farther put the card into the basket.音标特征：后元音音标特征：后元音 半低音半低音 不圆唇不圆唇 短元音短元音 发音要诀发音要诀：舌后部的靠前部分稍稍抬起，舌尖和：舌后部的靠前部分稍稍抬起，舌尖和 舌端两侧触下齿，舌尖抵住下牙龈，发短促音舌端两侧触下齿，舌尖抵住下牙龈，发短促音/./.发音组合发音组合：u u u up
14、cp cu ut bt bu ut bt bu us ls lu uck bck bu utter tter o o mmo onk nk o onionnion/1.What colour is the bus?3.Its Sunday,but you must get up now.：f fa ast fst fu un n h harart bt bu ut t c carard cd cu ut t/:/:/音标特征：后元音音标特征：后元音 高音高音 圆唇圆唇 长元音长元音 发音组合及代表单词发音组合及代表单词：oo food fool boom cool hoop pool shoo
15、t o tomb ou group u blue clue rule truth conclude/u:/音标特征：后元音音标特征：后元音 高音高音 圆唇圆唇 短元音短元音发音要诀发音要诀：双唇成圆形，稍向前突出，牙床近于半合。：双唇成圆形，稍向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌尖不触下齿，舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身后缩。舌尖不触下齿，舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身后缩。发音组合及代表单词发音组合及代表单词：oooo f foooot gt gooood cd cooook hk hooook tk tooook k u u p pu ull fll fu ull bll bu ull ll ou ou shsho
16、uould ld The classroom is full of books.She is a gShe is a gooood-ld-looooking cking cooook.k.He is lHe is looooking for a gking for a gooood bd booook.k.f foooot t b boooot t c cooool l r roooof f mmoooon n f fooood d b booook k c cououldld r roooomm wwooood d/u:/vs.a t ta alk blk ba all hll ha all
17、 cll ca all ll oo doo doooor flr floooor r aw aw l lawaw s sawaw ou ou b bouought fght fouought thght thouought tght touought ght ore ore befbeforeore ign ignoreore au au c cauaught nght nauaughty nghty nauauticaltical or or f fororce bce bororn sn so ort rt ar ar wwararn n /:/1.I saw a door on the
18、wall.2.Your daughter who is tall has bought four balls.音标特征：后元音音标特征：后元音 低音低音 圆唇圆唇 短元音短元音 口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。发音组合及代表单词发音组合及代表单词：o ox on not cop rot hot lot /第三课时第三课时双元音简述双元音简述单元音练习单元音练习单元音：单元音：1212个个/i:/u:/:/:/:/e/一辆火车呜呜一辆火车呜呜/u:u:/的开过，车上有的开过，车上有2 2只鹅，一只长尾巴只鹅，一只长尾巴/:/，一只短尾巴鹅一只短尾巴鹅/。长尾巴鹅用力打了短
19、尾巴。长尾巴鹅用力打了短尾巴/一拳一拳.短尾短尾巴鹅疼的巴鹅疼的/:/了一声。短尾巴了一声。短尾巴/很生气，打了长尾巴很生气，打了长尾巴/:/一小拳，它疼的一小拳，它疼的/了了一声一声。两只鹅都受伤了，一起去医院检。两只鹅都受伤了，一起去医院检查。医生让长尾巴查。医生让长尾巴/:/张开嘴，他就发出张开嘴，他就发出/:/:/的声音。医生的声音。医生诊断后说诊断后说“需要打针需要打针”，长尾巴，长尾巴/:/吓哭了。为了转移长尾吓哭了。为了转移长尾巴巴/:/的注意力，医生给了它一个的注意力，医生给了它一个/appleapple。然后医生让。然后医生让短尾巴短尾巴/张开嘴，他就发出张开嘴，他就发出/的
20、声音。医生诊断后说的声音。医生诊断后说“需需要打针要打针”，短尾巴，短尾巴/吓哭了。为了转移短尾巴吓哭了。为了转移短尾巴/的注意力，的注意力，给了它一个给了它一个/e e/egg.egg./ee/aa/ee/aa/双元音双元音双元音的一般特点：双元音的一般特点：1)1)两个元音组成两个元音组成,发音时由一个元音向发音时由一个元音向 另一个元音滑动另一个元音滑动,发音过程口形有变化发音过程口形有变化.2)2)前重后轻前重后轻,第一个成分发音响亮清澈第一个成分发音响亮清澈,第二个成分较轻弱模糊第二个成分较轻弱模糊.3)3)前长后短前长后短,第一个发音较长第一个发音较长,第二个发音较短第二个发音较短
21、.a a mma ake ke c ca ake ke n na ameme t ta ableble eiei eieightght ai ai p paiaid d ayay d dayay m may ay/ee/舌尖抵下齿，牙床半开半合。舌尖抵下齿，牙床半开半合。双唇扁平，口形滑动。双唇扁平，口形滑动。发音过程中下颚向上合拢，舌位随之稍抬高发音过程中下颚向上合拢，舌位随之稍抬高/aa/y y fl fly ycrcry y m my y b buyuy i ki ki indnd oyoy b boy oy t toyoy s soyoy oi oi oioil nl noioises
22、e v voioicece/aa/owow n nowow w wow ow h howow ou ou h hououse se mmououth th ouout t l lououd d/oa oa c coaoat bt boaoat t g goaoat t o o knkno ow w o old lld lo oww n no o g go o h ho ome me t th ho ose se earear h hereeren nearear d deereermedmediaia clclearearb beereer /ee/airchairhairbearpear/t
23、our poor 单元音：单元音：1212个个/i:/u:/:/:/:/e/ee/aa/ee/aa/双元音双元音p p/p/p/pen picture jeep map pen picture jeep map b b/b/b/bike bus book box bike bus book boxt t/t/t/ten two boat meetten two boat meetd d/d/d/desk down bird gooddesk down bird goodk k/k/k/cake Kate thank clock cake Kate thank clock g g/g/g/goo
24、d girl egg bag good girl egg bags s/s/s/sit see yes class sit see yes class z z/z/z/is his these zero is his these zero辅音因素：辅音因素：/f/f/f fineinef fiveivef familyamilyf floorloorf friendriend/v/v/v veryerysesev venenhahav ve elolov ve eo ov verer/ththininththinkinkththankankththreereeththirtyirty/thth
25、isisththatatththeseeseththoseoseththereeremomoththerer/shship ip shshirtirtfi fish sh EngliEnglish sh shshowow vivision sion treatreasure sure u usual sual gagaragerage/ththininththankankththreereeththirtyirtytentent th h/ththisisththatatththeseeseththoseoseththereerefafaththerers sit its seeeeyeyes
26、 sclaclassss/s/z/i is shihis sz zoooothethes se e/t ts/s/t t/trtr/hatshatsfriendsfriendschairchairorangeorangetreetreedressdress/d dz/z/d d/drdr/ts/dz/t/d/ba batsts sea seatsts ha hatsts pe petsts spor sportsts bebeds ds roaroads ds birbirds ds frienfriendsds carcardsds chchip ip chchair air chcheat
27、 eat ChChina ina chchicken icken kitkitchchen en matmatchch j jam am j jacket oranacket orangege lar largege hu hugege/tr/trtry y trtree ee tr truck uck tr train ain tr traffic affic tr trade ade drdrive ive drdress ess dr dream chileam childrdren en s strtreeteet/dr/辅音分类辅音分类清辅音清辅音10 10 浊辅音浊辅音10 10
28、单干户单干户ss f f p t kp t ktr ttr t tstsb d gb d g z z v v drdr dd dzdz/m/mmy ymmapapa ammgagamme e/n/n nineinen newewteten nsoson n/mornimorningngwrowrongngthithin nk kthathan nk k/h/h he e h hat at h here ere h hillill/r/r red ed r right bight br rown own r roomoom/l/l lo ook heok hell llo fo fl loor
29、famioor famil ly y/j/y yes es y you ou y your our y yellowellow/w/wwe e wwoman oman whwhere ere whwhiteite音标回顾共有多少个音素共有多少个音素/音标？音标？多少个元音音素？分别为多少个元音音素？分别为多少个辅音音素？分别为多少个辅音音素？分别为元音音素分为单元音和双元元音音素分为单元音和双元音音单元音共多少个？分别为？单元音共多少个？分别为？双元音共多少个？分别为？双元音共多少个？分别为？辅音音素分为清辅音和浊辅辅音音素分为清辅音和浊辅音音清辅音共多少个？分别为？清辅音共多少个？分别为？浊
30、辅音共多少个？分别为？浊辅音共多少个？分别为？48482028128 84848个音素个音素/i:/u:/:/:/:/ee/aa/ee/aa/e/p t kp t k ss f f tr ttr t tstsb d gb d g z z v v drdr dd dzdz/m/n/能够写出能够写出2626个英文字母的音标吗？个英文字母的音标吗？单词的发音都是有规律的，学习音标，了解它的发音规律1音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m n l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。0-01 2音节的划分 在两个音节的
31、相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter 在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02 3重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单
32、音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。0-03 4开音节 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse.5闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 0-05 6双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn i
33、n-deed 含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：about before excuse repair for-get-ful in-ven-tor 0-067多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：el-e-phant con-grat-u-la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientific impression nation 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 a 在开音节中 ei name
34、plane Jane baby cake 1-01 在闭音节中 bag dad hat map black back 1-02 e 在开音节中 i:he these me Chinese 1-03 在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04 i 在开音节中 ai bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05 在闭音节中 i fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06 o 在开音节中 u those close go hoe home no 1-07 在闭音节中 clock not box shop sock 1-0
35、8 u 在开音节中 ju:student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09 在闭音节中 bus cup jump much lunch 1-10 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音，例如：June blue ruler super 1-11 三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 a在w音后面 want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前:after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd-ld和gh前 ai find child light
36、high o在-st-ld前 ou most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 come monkey love mother 四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 ar在w音后面:car farm dark sharpener 4-01:warm quarter towards 4-02 or在w音后面:forty morning short 4-03:word worker worse 4-04 er ir ur:certainly bird Thursday 4-05 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是
37、按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry berry mirror sorry hurry-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读音，例如：dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday 五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 are care dare hare 5-01 ere i here mere 5-02 ire ai fire hire wire 5-03 ore:more score before 5-04 ure ju pure cure 5-05 完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读音，例
38、如：picture pleasure 非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发r音，例如：salary 5-06 重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读r音。例如：parent zero inspiring story during 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph forest spirit 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 ai/ay ei afraid rain wait day play 6-01 air air
39、 hair chair pair repair 6-02 al al在f m前:small ball talk wall all 6-03:l always also salt almost 6-04:half calm 6-05 au/aw:autumn daughter draw 6-06 ea i:teach easy cheap please 6-07 e heavy bread sweater weather 6-08 ei break great 6-09 ear i hear dear near clear year 6-10 bear pear wear swear 6-11:
40、earth learn early 6-12 ee i:jeep week green three 6-13 eer i pioneer deer beer 6-14 ei/ey ei eight neighbour they 6-15 eu/ew 在 j l r 后 ju:new few newspaper 6-16 u:flew brew jewelry 6-17 ie/s音后拼写为ei i:piece field receive seize 6-18 oa ou coat Joan boat goal 6-19 oar/oor:roar board door floor 6-20 oi/
41、oy i noise point boy toilet 6-21 oo u:broom food tooth school 6-22 u book look cook foot good 6-23 ou/ow au flower house count down 6-24 u know row throw though 6-25 young country enough 6-26 u:group you soup through 6-27 our:course your four 6-28 au our hour ours 6-29:journey 6-30 ui ui 在j l r s后 j
42、u:i fluid suicide tuition 6-31 u:juice fruit suit 6-32 九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 b b bike bus bag 9-01/bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02 c c在e前或在i/y前 k cake picture coat music 9-03 s face decide cinema 9-04 ch much chick rich teacher 9-05 k school headache chemistry 9-06 machine Chicago 9-07-ck k cock pocket
43、 black knock 9-08 d d doctor bread hand day 9-09-dge bridge fridge 9-10 dr-dr children driver drink 9-11 f f five four breakfast 9-12 g g在e i/y前 bag gardon go 9-13 orange large German 9-14-gh gh-f cough enough rough 9-15 sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16 gu-gue guess league dialogue guitar 9-17 w languag
44、e anguish penguin 9-18 h h hot head house hand 9-19/hour honest honor 9-20 j jeep jar joke join July 9-21 k k kind bike skate make week 9-22 kn-n knife know knock 9-23 l l life milk school tall 9-24 m m monkey come tomato 9-25-mn m autumn column solemn 9-26 n n在k g音前 n not shine ten note 9-27?uncle
45、thank hungry 9-28-ng?morning young wrong 9-29 p p paper plane pig ship pen 9-30 ph f elephant photo telephone 9-31-q/-que k Iraq cheque 9-32 qu-kw quality quite quarter 9-33 r r red rubber ruler 9-34 s在音节开头或清辅音前 在元音字母间或浊辅音前 s sit sleep desk 9-35 z music husband 9-36 sc-sk scarlet scout Scotland 9-37
46、 s muscle science 9-38 sh she fish shirt wash 9-39 t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 t ten letter meet 9-40 patient nation 9-41 tch watch catch match 9-42 th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the-ther中 thin thirty method 9-43 the these with than 9-44 clothe father weather 9-45 tr-tr tree train country truck 9-46 v v ver
47、y voice love leave 9-47 w w week win wake sweet wait 9-48/answer two 9-49 wh-wh-在字母o前 w what when white why 9-50 h who whose whole 9-51 x 在重读元音前 ks box text exercise 9-52 gz example exist exact 9-53 wr-r write wrong wrist 9-54 y-j yes yard yellow young 9-55 z z puzzle zero zoo 9-56 读句子 找规律 The baby
48、and the lady are playing by the lake.The four tall reporter are talking about sports.I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.I have a pear near the chair.Today is cold.Dont forget to put on your coat.You can go to school by boat.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday.David is saying”Maybe Kat
49、e cant skate.”|ei|:lei rei jei wei fei mei pei|ai|:lai rai jai wai fai mai pai|i|:li ri ji wi fi mi pi|u|:lu ru ju wu fu mu pu|au|:lau rau jau wau fau mau pau|i|:li ri ji wi fi mi pi|e|:le re je we fe me pe|u|:lu ru ju wu fu mu pu7)The ugly man has one hundred ducks.8)The farmer has a large farm and
50、 a car.9)After art class we put down sunglasses and sit on the grass.10)Miss Mo,Shes tall.She has a dog,its small.She likes walking and riding a horse.wi un i kll hd h:t bi:t nju:kli bmwi un i kll hd h:t bi:t nju:kli bm nekst nekst j:j:bdd bdd b b wil wil didi beibi ri beibi rirli s:t ru:rli s:t ru:
