1、英语句子成分和英语英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子结构讲解及练习句子成份句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成：句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（主语部分（subject group）谓语部分（谓语部分（predicate group）句子成份：句子成份：主主 谓谓 宾宾 表表补补定定 状状Members of sentence:S-subjectP-predicative O-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverb Oc-object complement 主主宾宾表表补补定定状状v简单句的五个基本句型v主语 不及物动词 She came.v主语 及物动词 宾语
2、 She likes English.v主语 系动词 主语补语 vShe is happyv主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语vShe gave John a bookvShe bought a book for me.v主语 动词 宾语 宾语补语 vShe makes her mother angry vThe teacher asked me to read the passage.v（There+be There lies a book on the desk.1.主语（主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east（名词）He likes d
3、ancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroo
4、m.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.谓语谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English.He is asleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont
5、B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon3.表语（表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性
6、质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.（名词）You dont look it.（代词）Five and five is ten.（数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词）The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)My watch is gone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）除了除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2)表表转变变化
7、转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等等。（常见的系动词有（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）（听起来）,look（看起来）（看起来）,feel(摸起来，摸起来，smell（闻起来）（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）（感觉）It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds stra
8、nge.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.(三三)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.Why is he worried about Jim?The leaves have turned yellow.Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was t
9、he first to learn about it.4.宾语：宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：如：I like China.（名词）（名词）He hates you.（代词）（代词）How many do you need?We need two.（数（数词）词）I enjoy working with you.（动名词）（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式）（不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从（宾
10、语从句）句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介介宾宾 Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.3）双宾语）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some moneyv(四四)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语v My brother hasnt done his homework.v People all over the world speak English.v
11、 You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.v How many new words did you learn last class?v Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?v his homework English your pronunciation new words to go swimmingv5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。vWe elected him monitor.（
12、名词）（名词）vWe all think it a pity that she didnt come here.（名词）（名词）vWe will make them happy.（形容词）（形容词）vWe found nobody in.(副词副词)vPlease make yourself at home.（介词短语）（介词短语）Dont let him do that.（省（省to不定式）不定式）vHis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带（带to不定式）不定式）vDont keep the lights burning
13、.（现在分词）（现在分词）v Ill have my bike repaired.（过去分词）（过去分词）v(五五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语v She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.v He asked her to take the boy out of school.v She found it difficult to do the work.v They call me Lily sometimes.v I saw Mr.Wang get on the bu
14、s.v Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?v to read newspapers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of schoolv Lily get on the bus playing football on the playgroundv 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语v Please tell us a story.v My father bought a new bike for me last week.v Mr.Li
15、is going to teach us history next term.v Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.v Did he leave any message for me?v6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。vYanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）（名词）vHe is our friend.（代词）（代词）vWe belong to the third world.（数词）（数词）vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesso
16、n.（形（形容词）容词）vThe man over there is my old friend.(副词副词)vThe woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介介词词)vThe boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）（现在分词）vThe trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）（过去分词）vI have an idea to do it well.（不定式）（不定式）vYou should do everything that I do
17、.（定语从句）（定语从句）说明说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting.说明说明2：不定式、短语或从句不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。班的。The boys in the room are in Class Ten.v(六六)挑出
18、下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语v They use Mr.,Mrs.with the family name.v What is your given name?v On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.v I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.v The man downstairs was trying to sleep.v family given third some downstairs v7.状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。表示时间、地句子。
19、表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）（以下例句按上述顺序排列）vI will go there tomorrow.vThe meeting will be held in the meeting room.vThe meat went bad because of the hot weather.vHe studies hard to learn English well.vHe didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.vI like some o
20、f you very much.vIf you study hard,you will pass the exam.vHe goes to school by bike.vThough he is young,he can do it well.v(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语v There was a big smile on her face.v Every night he heard the noise upstairs.v He began to learn English when he was eleven.v The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.v With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.v on the face Every night when he was eleven fast off
