1、晚期肾癌新视点晚期肾癌新视点晚期肾癌新视点 晚期肾癌新视点 晚期肿瘤特征:晚期肿瘤特征:“局部晚期局部晚期”或或“远处转移远处转移”1.Cherny NI,Catane R.Cancer 2003;98(11):2502-2510.2.Tsivian M,et al.J Clin Oncol 2011;29(15):2027-2031.3.Mahmud SM,et al.Int J Cancer 2010;127(7):1680-1691.“晚期肿瘤”的定义为任何不可治愈的肿瘤,包括绝大 多数的转移性或局部晚期实体肿瘤”Cherny NI,et al.Cancer 20031“晚期肾癌的定义为
2、转移性疾病、病理学分期T3和/或 淋巴结侵犯。”Tsivian M,et al.JCO 20112“晚期肿瘤通常侵犯局部或转移病灶。”Mahmud SM,et al.Int J Cancer 20103晚期肾癌新视点转移在肾癌的诊断和治疗过程中常见转移在肾癌的诊断和治疗过程中常见晚期肾癌新视点晚期肾癌晚期肾癌晚期肾癌目前没有明确定义哪些肾癌可以界定为晚期肾癌?晚期肾癌的生存现状如何?晚期肾癌的治疗观点?晚期肾癌新视点 晚期肾癌特征探索晚期肾癌特征探索远处转移远处转移同侧肾上腺受侵同侧肾上腺受侵穿透肾周筋膜穿透肾周筋膜腔静脉癌栓腔静脉癌栓肾静脉癌栓合并肾周脂肪浸润肾静脉癌栓合并肾周脂肪浸润淋巴结
3、转移淋巴结转移肿瘤病灶肿瘤病灶7cm7cm且伴坏死且伴坏死具具7 7大特症患者,预后较差大特症患者,预后较差晚期肾癌新视点 晚期肾癌预后评估指标晚期肾癌预后评估指标疾病无进展生存时间(疾病无进展生存时间(PFSPFS)疾病无复发生存时间(疾病无复发生存时间(RFSRFS)总生存期(总生存期(OSOS)疾病特异性生存期(疾病特异性生存期(CSSCSS)晚期肾癌新视点疾病特异性生存期疾病特异性生存期疾病特异性生存期(疾病特异性生存期(CSSCSS)是指从进入研究起直至是指从进入研究起直至因疾病(肾癌)死亡的时间因疾病(肾癌)死亡的时间 晚期肾癌新视点不同特征晚期肾癌的不同特征晚期肾癌的CSSCSS
4、晚期肾癌新视点(一)远处转移:(一)远处转移:UICC/AJCCUICC/AJCC数据数据转移性肾癌转移性肾癌5 5年年CSS:16%CSS:16%Eur Urol.2011 Jan;59(1):120-7.国际抗癌联盟,欧美国家,11个中心,n=1215晚期肾癌新视点(一)远处转移:(一)远处转移:SEERSEER数据数据Urology.2008 Nov;72(5):1090-5.SEER,美国,9个中心,n=2043转移性肾癌转移性肾癌5 5年年CSS:21%CSS:21%晚期肾癌新视点(二)同侧肾上腺受侵:美国数据(二)同侧肾上腺受侵:美国数据Group 1:发生肾周脂肪组织浸润(不考虑
5、脂肪浸润深度)Group 2:肾静脉侵袭(伴或不伴肾外侵袭)Group 3:同侧肾上腺受侵肾癌患者Hum Pathol.2008 Nov;39(11):1689-94.同侧肾上腺受侵肾癌同侧肾上腺受侵肾癌5年年CSS仅为仅为 21%美国,MethodistMethodist Hospital,Hospital,HoustonHouston,n=198晚期肾癌新视点肾上腺受侵与未受侵肾癌患者总生存率比较Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011;41(6)792796(二)同侧肾上腺受侵:日本数据(二)同侧肾上腺受侵:日本数据日本,Hamamatsu Hamamatsu UniversityUn
6、iversity Hospital,Hospital,n=1033晚期肾癌新视点 (三)穿透肾周筋膜(包括同侧肾上腺受侵)(三)穿透肾周筋膜(包括同侧肾上腺受侵)Mayo Clinic数据数据J Urol.2011 Jun;185(6):2035-9.pT4 pT4期患者期患者1010年年CSSCSS为为11.6%11.6%美国,Mayo Clinic,Mayo Clinic,n=1033晚期肾癌新视点 (三)穿透肾周筋膜:日本数据(三)穿透肾周筋膜:日本数据pT3a-fat:仅肾周脂肪浸润 pT3a-ad:肾上腺受侵pT3a(now T4)pT3b-only:不伴随pT3a因素的pT3b p
7、T3b with pT3a:肾周脂肪或肾上腺侵润的 pT3pT3c:膈上腔静脉癌栓pT4:浸润至Gerota筋膜外如下疾病5年疾病特异生存率低于23%:侵润至Gerota筋膜外肾上腺受侵膈上腔静脉癌栓Int J Urol.2008 Jul;15(7):582-6.穿透肾周筋膜穿透肾周筋膜5年年CSS低于低于 23%日本,日本,Kitasato University Kitasato University School of Medicine,n=111School of Medicine,n=111晚期肾癌新视点(四)肾、腔静脉癌栓:(四)肾、腔静脉癌栓:UICC/AJCCUICC/AJCC数
8、据数据Eur Urol.2011 Jan;59(1):120-7.腔静脉癌栓阳性肾癌腔静脉癌栓阳性肾癌5 5年年CSSCSS约为约为22.2-37.3%22.2-37.3%国际抗癌联盟,欧美国家,11个中心,n=1215晚期肾癌新视点 不同水平的腔静脉癌栓生存时间不同不同水平的腔静脉癌栓生存时间不同癌栓分级III-IV级与I-II级相比较,中位生存时间短(p=0.032)P=0.032THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Vol.177,1703-1708,May 2007晚期肾癌新视点(五)(五)肾静脉癌栓合并肾周脂肪浸润:意大利肾病学会数据肾静脉癌栓合并肾周脂肪浸润:意大利肾病学会
9、数据蓝线:仅有肾静脉癌栓 5年CSS 75%绿线:仅有肾周脂肪浸润 5年CSS 66.9%红线:肾静脉癌栓合并肾周脂肪浸润 5年CSS 32.4%(p 7cm7cm且伴坏死:亚洲数据且伴坏死:亚洲数据伴随或不伴肿瘤坏死肾癌术后5年CSS分别为79.3%和 92.0%。T7cm有50%以上同时伴有肿瘤坏死J Urol.2006 Oct;176(4 Pt 1):1332-7;EAU 2009 Guidelines on Renal Cell carcinoma韩国,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital,n=516晚期肾癌新视点2445例透明细胞肾癌死
10、亡率与凝固性肿瘤坏死的关系(风险比 5.27;95%CI 4.566.09;P 7cm7cm且伴坏死:且伴坏死:Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic 数据数据晚期肾癌新视点不同特征晚期肾癌不同特征晚期肾癌CSSCSS总结总结临床特点临床特点5 5年年CSSCSS进展期进展期远处转移远处转移16-21%16-21%同侧肾上腺受侵同侧肾上腺受侵22%22%穿透肾周筋膜23%7cm7cm且伴坏死且伴坏死40-70%40-70%?晚期肾癌新视点局部晚期肾癌局部晚期肾癌 Locally advanced RCC,including patients with:Locally advanced
11、RCC,including patients with:1,Venous thrombi1,Venous thrombi 静脉瘤栓形成静脉瘤栓形成 2,Extracapsular2,Extracapsular 肿瘤穿透至包膜外肿瘤穿透至包膜外 3,Adjacent organ involvement3,Adjacent organ involvement 肿瘤侵犯临近器官肿瘤侵犯临近器官 4,Lymph node disease4,Lymph node disease 区域淋巴结转移区域淋巴结转移 5,Locally recurrent RCC after definitive surgica
12、l therapy5,Locally recurrent RCC after definitive surgical therapy 肾癌肾癌切除术后的局部复发切除术后的局部复发 晚期肾癌新视点Patient selection for lymphadenectomy in Patient selection for lymphadenectomy in locally advanced RCC patientslocally advanced RCC patients The Mayo Clinic risk factors for prediction of regional The Ma
13、yo Clinic risk factors for prediction of regional nodal metastases in renal cell carcinomanodal metastases in renal cell carcinoma 1,Grade 3 or 4 1,Grade 3 or 4 病理分病理分级级3-43-4级级 2,sarcomatoid component 2,sarcomatoid component 肿瘤具肉瘤样成分肿瘤具肉瘤样成分 3,tumor size 10 cm 3,tumor size 10 cm 肿瘤直径大肿瘤直径大于于1010厘米厘
14、米 4,tumor stage pT3 or pT4 4,tumor stage pT3 or pT4 病理分期病理分期T T或或T T期期 5,coagulative tumor necrosis 5,coagulative tumor necrosis 肿瘤内有凝固性坏死肿瘤内有凝固性坏死 A LND should be done in patients with two or more of A LND should be done in patients with two or more of these 5 pathological criteria(intraoperative d
15、ecision)these 5 pathological criteria(intraoperative decision)晚期肾癌新视点Management of local recurrenceManagement of local recurrence肾癌术后局部复发病灶的处理肾癌术后局部复发病灶的处理 Isolated local recurrence without evidence of distant metastases is Isolated local recurrence without evidence of distant metastases is a rare e
16、vent,with a reported incidence of 1-2%following RN with a rare event,with a reported incidence of 1-2%following RN with curative intent.curative intent.孤立的肾癌术后局部复发而不同时伴有其他远处转移的情况非常少见,仅占孤立的肾癌术后局部复发而不同时伴有其他远处转移的情况非常少见,仅占所有行所有行RNRN患者的患者的1-2%1-2%Local recurrences including recurrent disease withinLocal
17、recurrences including recurrent disease within;肾癌术后的局部复发包括以下肾癌术后的局部复发包括以下三种情况:三种情况:Adrenal gland Adrenal gland 肾上腺的复发肾上腺的复发 Retroperitoneal LNs Retroperitoneal LNs 腹膜后淋巴结的复发腹膜后淋巴结的复发 the soft tissues in the area of the prior renal tumor the soft tissues in the area of the prior renal tumor 原肿瘤部位的复发原
18、肿瘤部位的复发晚期肾癌新视点In the absence of metastatic disease,aggressive In the absence of metastatic disease,aggressive surgical resection,appears to provide the best surgical resection,appears to provide the best outcomes for locally recurrent RCCoutcomes for locally recurrent RCC晚期肾癌新视点Features predictive o
19、f systemic disease relapse Features predictive of systemic disease relapse after surgical resection of local renal cell after surgical resection of local renal cell carcinoma recurrencecarcinoma recurrence1,positive surgical margin after resection of local 1,positive surgical margin after resection
20、of local recurrencerecurrence2,size of recurrent tumor 5cm2,size of recurrent tumor 5cm3,presence of sarcomatoid features in recurrence 3,presence of sarcomatoid features in recurrence specimenspecimen4,abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase at the time of 4,abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase at the t
21、ime of recurrencerecurrence5,abnormal serum lactate dehydrogenase at the time of 5,abnormal serum lactate dehydrogenase at the time of recurrencerecurrencePatients with none of these risk factors demonstrated a Patients with none of these risk factors demonstrated a CSS of 111 mo,whereas patients with more than one of CSS of 111 mo,whereas patients with more than one of these risk factors had a CSS of only 8 mo.these risk factors had a CSS of only 8 mo.晚期肾癌新视点Thank you Thank you