1、专题八非谓语动词专题八非谓语动词怎么考在语境中考查非谓语动词的基本用法，侧重作定语、状语、补足语的用法。怎么学在平时阅读、写作练习中，认真体会其基本用法，尝试运用。怎么解1.分析句子结构，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分(如状语、定语等)；2.搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。.体验考向1(2016江苏卷，28)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message _ within the work.Ato hide Bhidden Chiding Dbeing hidden答案B考查非谓语动词的用法。句
2、意：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。2(2016北京卷，28)_ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.AOrdering BTo orderCHaving ordered DOrdered答案D考查非谓语动词。句意：那些书一周前已经预定了，应该随时会到达。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故选D。3(2016北京卷，32)Newly-built wooden cottages line th
3、e street，_ the old town into a dreamland.Aturn Bturning Cto turn Dturned答案B考查非谓语动词。句意：新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故选B。4(2016北京卷，26)_ it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.AMade BMake CMaking DTo make答案D考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更容易地和我们取得联系，你最好把这张名片卡放在手头。由本
4、句话的后半句可知，make的逻辑主语为you，you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，结合句意可知，非谓语动词在这里作目的状语，故选D。5(2016浙江卷，19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_with students.Aworking Bwork Cto work Dworked答案A考查非谓语动词。句意：我现在与学生一起工作和航海一样有着同等的乐趣。所选词形应与sailing一致，在句中作方式状语。6(2016浙江卷，10)To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like
5、you to look at a study _ in Australia in 2012.Ahaving conducted Bto be conducted Cconducting Dconducted答案D考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动词，且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。7(2015湖南卷，30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_ whether
6、 to stay or leave.Awondering BwonderCto wonder Dwondered答案A考查非谓语动词。句意：那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语是she与wonder之间是主动关系，且wonder与主句谓语stood是同时发生的，故用现在分词作伴随状语。8(2015北京卷，21)_ the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.ACatching BCaughtCTo catch DCatch答案C考查非谓语动
7、词作状语。句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。这里逻辑主语是we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。9(2015重庆卷，6)_ in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.ABeing raised BRaisingCRaised DTo raise答案C考查非谓语动词。句意：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此排除B、D两项；A项是现在分词的
8、被动式，表示正在发生，故排除A项。10(2015重庆卷，11)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _ the sun and the stars.Aused Bhaving usedCusing Duse 答案C考查非谓语动词。句意：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语，表示与find同时发生。11(2015浙江卷，18)Listening to music at home is one thing，going
9、to hear it _ live is quite another.Aperform BperformingCto perform Dbeing performed答案D考查非谓语动词。句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。12(2014重庆卷，5)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_to our shop f
10、or quality problems.Areturning BreturnedCto return Dto be returned答案B考查非谓语动词。句意：生产者定期来取因质量问题而返还到我们商店的相机。动词return与名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句which are returned.。13(2014重庆卷，11)Group activities will be organized after class_children develop team spirit.Ahelping Bhaving helpedChelped Dto he
11、lp答案D考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助孩子培养团队精神，课后将组织小组活动。根据句意可知，不定式短语to help children develop team spirit在句中作目的状语，表示组织小组活动的目的。14(2014福建卷，27)_the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.ASpending BSpentCHaving spent DTo spend答案C考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达作为一名交换生已经在香港度过了一年，现在看起来比
12、那些同龄人更成熟。spend这个动作发生在appear之前，Linda和spend之间又是主谓关系，故用现在分词的完成式。15(2014湖南卷，23)_your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.AUnderstanding BTo be understoodCBeing understood DHaving understood答案A考查非谓语动词。句意：了解你自己交流的需求和方式与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。分析句
13、子结构，设空处为句子的主语部分，且题干所述表泛指意义的行为，故应用v.-ing形式的一般式作主语。.正误探究1【误】Having not finished his homework，he didnt want to go to bed.【正】Not having finished his homework，he didnt want to go to bed.解析非谓语动词的否定式中，not 必须放在非谓语动词的最前面。2【误】She was the first person thinking of the idea.【正】She was the first person to think o
14、f the idea.解析当序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。3【误】The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.【正】The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.解析being discussed 表示动作正在进行，而根据 at tomorrows meeting 可判断动作发生在将来，故用 to be discussed 表示。4【误】This is a waste
15、 of time persuading such a person to join us.【正】It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.解析作形式主语，代替动词的-ing 形式，只能用it。5【误】I could see the house having been beautifully decorated.【正】I could see the house beautifully decorated.解析现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补足语。6【误】Having found the cause，the experime
16、nt continued.【正】Having found the cause，they continued the experiment.(Having foundAfter/When they had found)解析作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中的主语一致，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。.考点确认一、非谓语动词的各种形式非谓语动词根据其表示动作的发生时间和表示的意义可以有不同的形式。非谓语动词形式不定式一般式：to do/to be done进行式：to be doing完成式：to have done/to have been done否定式：n
17、ot to dov.-ing形式一般式：doing/being done完成式：having done/having been done否定式：not doingv.-ed形式否定式：not done二、非谓语动词的句法功能1非谓语动词作主语 作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。非谓语动词用法不定式往往表示一次性的、具体的动作常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置动名词表示一般或抽象的行为有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型It is a great honor to be invited to speak here.Playing the piano is my hobby.It is no g
18、ood telling him the news.注意：it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing.，It is useful doing.，It is a waste of time doing.等句式里。2非谓语动词作宾语作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语。(1)只跟不定式作宾语的动词 afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，refuse，manage，hope，want，fail，wish，ask，pretend，promise，happen，would like，set out等。I cant
19、 afford to take a holiday this summer because of the project.He determined to return home early.(2)只跟动名词作宾语的动词advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，delay，cant help，consider(考虑)，miss，finish，practise，imagine，suggest(建议)，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel like，insist on，set about等。It was fortunate that Jack na
20、rrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accident.Do you feel like going out for a walk?(3)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可且意义差别不大的动词like，love，prefer，hate，begin，start，intend，continue等。She started playing(to play)the violin when she was four.She intended to come(coming)back soon.He continued studying(to study)as if not
21、hing had happened.(4)跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词作“需要”讲时，need，want，require后接v.-ing形式与不定式所表示的意义相同，但是v.-ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。Your T-shirt needs washing(to be washed)My bicycle wants repairing(to be repaired)(5)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可但是意义不同的动词Well try to improve our studying method.You can try solving this problem in o
22、ther ways.3非谓语动词作表语 作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词用法不定式表示某一特定行为，尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为动名词不强调动作，只说明动作的名称，或主语的内容现在分词表示主语具有的特征过去分词表示主语的感受或所处的状态My wish is to be a scientist.The most important thing is to put the theory into practice.What she likes is watching the children play.The reason he gave was very convin
23、cing.He is shocked at what happened to his son.4非谓语动词作补足语作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词用法不定式表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性现在分词表示一个主动、正在进行的动作过去分词表示一个被动或完成的动作The mother urged the little boy to go to bed.I caught him reading my private letters.He went home happily with his homework finished.注意：大多数动词后用带to的不定式作补足语，但表示“看、
24、听、感觉”意义的动词及使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作补足语。5非谓语动词作定语作定语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。非谓语动词用法不定式一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作，若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰动名词一般位于被修饰词之前，说明被修饰词的用途现在分词表示主动、正在进行的意义过去分词表示被动、完成的意义Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall?There is much that can be done about the probl
25、em arising from carelessness.Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.注意：名词ability，chance，way等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。6非谓语动词作状语 作状语的可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词。非谓语动词用法不定式一般式表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系，且含有将来意义可表示原因、目的、结果等表示目的可置于句首，表示原因、结果置于句末表示结果时一般含有出人意料之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系现在分词分词表示的动作
26、与句子主语是主动关系，且含有进行意义可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等表示结果置于句末，其他情况置于句末、句首均可表示结果时含有“顺其自然而产生”之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系过去分词分词表示的动作与句子主语有被动关系，且含有完成意义可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等，置于句首、句末均可To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.I was surprised to find him here.Being busy，she didnt reply to her fathers letter.Having been told the meeti
27、ng was cancelled，I went home after work.The plane crashed，killing all the people on board.Born into a poor family，he had only two years of schooling.Encouraged by his teacher，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.注意：only/just to.表示意想不到的结果；too.to.“太而不能”；so/such.as to.“如此以至于”；enoug
28、h(for sb)to“(对某人来说)足够做某事”等是几种常用不定式表示结果的结构。三、非谓语动词的独立结构非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，即句子主语必须是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或承受者。但有时候无论非谓语动词采用哪种形式都不能使其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，此时非谓语动词需带有自己的主语，即构成“名词/代词不定式/现在分词/过去分词”形式的独立结构。1名词/代词to do动作没有发生，表示动作即将发生。With so much homework to do，Tom looks sad.2名词/代词v.-ing形式两者之间是主动关系，或表示动作正在进行。The students seating themselves，the professor began his lecture.3名词/代词v.-ed形式两者之间是被动关系，或表示动作已结束。Her glasses broken，she couldnt see the road clearly.
