1、 第一篇专题复习阅读理解阅读理解第一节阅读理解之事实细节题第一节阅读理解之事实细节题 返回.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。2Its not/just like sb.to do sth.的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风 返回活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。(1)上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风，因为他把时间看作是生命中最重要的。_Its not like Jim to be late for class because he regards time
2、 as the most important thing in life.返回(2)在想到自己前先想到别人正是她一贯的作风。_ Its just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.返回.阅读理解之事实细节题这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。主要针对who，what，which，why，how，when，where等来提问，可能只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。这类题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思，即语意转换。解题时注意以下两
3、点：返回1用题干或选项中的关键词在文中搜索(寻读)找到题眼，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，这是解题的依据所在。2如果题干中含有否定意义的词语，如有not，except等，要特别留心。解题技巧1解题原则：忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。返回2文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题通常是对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。3提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why 等。4在阅读理解中，事实细节题常有以下几种命题方式：返回(1)Which of the following is
4、right?(2)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?(3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?(4)Which of the following is NOT true in the passage?(5)Which of the following is not mentioned?返回(6)Which of the following is mentioned in
5、 the passage?(7)The author mentions all of the following except.(8)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except_.(9)What is the example of.as described in the passage?(10)Choose the right order of this passage.返回(11)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).(12)The reason for
6、.is.(13)From this passage we know that_.(14)In the passage,the author states that_.返回典型例析 (2011年高考)In the animal kingdom，weakness can bring about aggression in other animal.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day
7、when people hold doors for me,pour cream into my coffee,or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy.返回 From my wheelchair experience,I see the best in people,but sometimes I feel sad because those whoappear independent miss the kindness I see daily.They dont get to se
8、e this soft side of others.Often，we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness,which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.返回26The author has discovered that people will feel happy when_.Athe
9、y offer their helpBthey receive others helpCthey feel others kindnessDthey show their weakness 返回解析：事实细节题。由第1段最后一句可知，关键是理该句中的it，它指的是前文中的“the kindness in people”，其具体行为是“people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat”，人们的这些行为概括起来，就是they offer their help，故选A。文中信息与选项表述的关
10、系是：具体与概括的关系。答案：A 返回27The author feels sad sometimes because_.Ahe has a soft heartBhe relies much on othersCsome people pretend to be kindDsome people fail to see the kindness in others 返回解析：事实细节题。由第2段第1句but后的内容可知，选项中用some people代替了文中those who appear independent，用fail to see代替了文中的miss。(近义替换)答案：D 返回 (
11、2011年高考)In a world with limited land,water and other natural resources(资源),the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually,the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be ch
12、anged,and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable 返回products.In other words,we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.41The traditional business model is harmful because of all the fol
13、lowing EXCEPT that_.AIt makes the world warmer Bit consumes natural resources Cit brings severe damage to forests Dit makes growth hard to continue 返回解析：事实细节解。根据第一段“the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm.”可知：传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖、不能持续发展、给未来发展造
14、成损失。所以B正确。答案：B 返回 (2012年高考)Mothers,doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed.In this state,the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible.The baby asks for
15、attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.31According to the Paragraph,one reason why a baby cries is that it feels_.返回Asick BupsetCsleepy Dhungry解析：事实细节题。由该段最后一句“The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth”可知。命题人采用了另外的词语(searching for food)去转换一种说法，但仍表
16、示同一含义(hungry)。答案：D 返回 (2013年高考)However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And，in addition to that，in order to generally good at something，one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things，itll re
17、quire even more time，time that most people wont put in.返回 This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.If you dont enjoy what you do，it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.返回33Successful peo
18、ple suggest doing what one loves because_.Awork makes one feel painBone tends to enjoy his workCone gives up his work easilyDit takes a lot of time to succeed 返回解析：细节理解题。题眼出现在第二段第一句This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.其中的this就是指代上文的内容，即第一段的最后两句话的内容one n
19、eeds to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things,itll require even more time,time that most people wont put in，这两句就告诉我们，要成功需要花费大量的时间。答案：D 返回 (2013年高考)In the battle against cheating,this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming fie
20、ld of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system,to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating,experts say,can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are validthat students havent just searched the Internet to
21、get the right answers.返回43For Internet universities,exams and diplomas will be valid if_.Athey can attract potential studentsBthey can defeat academic cheatingCthey offer students online helpDthey offer many online courses 返回解析：细节理解题。由第三段最后一句Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say,can
22、Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid可知，只有有了打击作弊的强有力的措施，网络大学才能表明他们的考试和文凭是有效的。答案：B 返回1“Have a nice day！”may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.When my friend Maxie says“Have a nice day”with a smile.I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.I feel
23、loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.How does the author understand Maxies words?AMaxie shows her anxiety to the author.返回BMaxie really wishes the author a good day.CMaxie encourages the author to stay happy.DMaxie really worries about the authors security.解析：事实细节题
24、。由最后两句可知，特别是“cares about me and wishes me well”等字眼。命题人采用了另外的词语去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。答案：B 返回2The expression can be pleasant.If a stranger says“Have a nice day”to you,you may find it heart warming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.By saying“Have a nice day，”a stranger may _.Atry to
25、be polite to youBexpress respect to you 返回Cgive his blessing to youDshare his pleasure with you解析：事实细节题。由该段可知，特别是“has tried to be nice to you”最为明显。命题人采用了另外的词语(tried to be nice to you)去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义(try to be polite to you)。答案：A 返回3Well,at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand f
26、eeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14,than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8,their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timeta
27、ble.This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample(样本)of 10,419 children 返回born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education,family income,a childs sex and age,the mothers health and feeding style.These results dont surprise me.Feeding according to schedule runs the r
28、isk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?返回AThe baby will sleep well.BThe baby will have its brain harmed.CThe baby will have a low blood sugar level.DThe baby will grow to be wiser by th
29、e age of 8.返回解析：事实细节题。由第三句“By the age of 8,their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable”可知。答案：D 返回4I was blind,but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help.After all,I was a teenage girl,and I couldnt bear
30、 people to look at me and think I was not like them.I must have been a terrible danger on the roads.Coming across me wandering through the traffic,motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes.Apart from that,there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from
31、 work.返回The girl refused to ask for help because she thought _.Ashe might be recognizedBasking for help looked sillyCshe was normal and independentDbeing found blind was embarrassing 返回解析：事实细节题。由本文第一句“I was blind,but I was ashamed of it if it was known”可知。答案：D 返回5One evening,I got off the bus about
32、halfway home where I had to change buses,and as usual I ran into something.“Im awfully sorry，”I said and stepped forward only to run into it again.When it happened a third time,I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost.This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me.So I
33、carried on and found the bus stop,which was a request stop,where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers wanted to get on or 返回off.No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.After the girl got off the bus that evening,she _.Abegan to run Bhit a person as usual Chit a lampp
34、ost by accident Dwas caught by something 返回解析：事实细节题。由第三句“When it happened a third time,I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost”可知。答案：C 返回6Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn how to read each others body signals,suggesting th
35、at the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language,cats and dogs can play together,greet each other nose to nose,返回and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理)each
36、other.It is suggested that cats and dogs_.Ahave common interests Bare less different than was thought Chave a common body language Dare less intelligent than was expected 返回解析：事实细节题。由该段第2句“the two may have more in common than we previously suspected”可知。只是用“are less different(不同点更少了)”替代了原文的“have more
37、 in common(共同点更多了)；用“than was thought”替代了“than we previously suspected”。命题人分别采用了“反义表达(用反义词表达相同意思)”和“近义替换”。答案：B 返回7I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves.I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper.I saw nine students along a long table.I handed o
38、ut the cards,and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.Before he started his class,the author asked the students to_.返回Awrite down their suggestions on the paper cardsBcut maple leaves out of the construction paperCcut some cards out of the const
39、ruction paperDwrite down their names on the paper cards 返回解析：事实细节题。由“I handed out the cards,and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required”可知。答案：D 返回8When I was growing up in America,I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.Because of her English,s
40、he was often treated unfairly.People in department stores,at banks,and at restaurants did not take her seriously,did not give her good service,pretended not to understand her,or even acted as if they did not hear her.Why was the authors mother poorly served?返回AShe was unable to speak good English.BS
41、he was often misunderstood.CShe was not clearly heard.DShe was not very polite.解析：事实细节题。由文中“Because of her English,she was often treated unfairly”可知。答案：A 返回9This is what being a winner is all aboutcreatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens.Winners dont
42、 have fewer problems in their lives;they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else.They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents.So,stop focusing on“whose fault it is.”Once you are confident about your power over bad s
43、ituations,problems are just stepping stop on for success.返回When problems occur,winners take them as_.Aexcuses for their failuresBbarriers to greater powerCchallenges to their colleaguesDchances for self development 返回 解析：事实细节题。由该段“Winners dont have fewer problems in their lives;they have just as man
44、y difficult situation to face as anybody else”可知。答案：D 返回10Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin with in hours o
45、f eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Which of the following statements is NOT true?返回AFood when poisoned can make people sick.BFood poisoning means death.CFood poisoning comes in varieties.DFood poisoning can be serious.解析：由该段中“Food poisoning is usually not serious,but
46、 some types are deadly”可知。答案：B 返回11Lisa was running late.Lisa,25,had a lot to do at work,plus visitors on the way,her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown.But as she hurried down the subway stairs,she started to feel uncomfortably warn.By the time she got to the platform,Lisa fe
47、lt weak and tiredmaybe it hadnt been a good idea to give blood the night before,she thought.She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.返回What was the most probable cause for Lisas weakness?AShe had run a long way.BShe felt hot in the subway.CShe had done a 1ot of work.DShe had donated blo
48、od the night before.返回解析：事实细节题。由倒数第二句“Lisa felt weak and tiredmaybe it hadnt been a good idea to give blood the night before”可知。答案：D 返回12It was hard to lift her.She was just out.But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away
49、 from the edge.That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness,felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.How did Frank save Lisa?ABy lifting her to the platform.返回BBy helping her rise to her feet.CBy pulling her along the ground.DBy dragging her away from t
50、he edge.解析：事实细节题。由该段“But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins”可知。答案：A 返回13I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task.It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwritin
