1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 1 Cultural relics 单元加餐练 .阅读理解 A To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains, but actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun! Nobody knows who first invented it, but the
2、 umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the 11th century BC. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor. In the Far East in ancient
3、 times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was commonly used in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the ra
4、in were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late 16th century. And again it was considered as a symbol of power. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later in England. By the 18th century, the umbrell
5、a was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途以
6、及其后来的演变。 1 According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient _ . A China B Egypt C Greece D Rome 答案： A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可判断伞最初或许是在中国产生的。 2 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the umbrella? A No one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was. B The
7、umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun. C The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century. D In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. 答案： C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段中的 “Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time” 可知，一直以来，伞在
8、风格上没有什么大的变化。 3 A strange feature of the umbrellas use is that it was used as _ . A protection against rain 【 精品教育资源文库 】 B a shade against the sun C a symbol of honor and power D womens decoration 答案： C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 “And there was a strange thing . a symbol of honor.” 和最后一句 “. only by those in h
9、igh office.” 可判断出答案。 B The history of civil engineering (土木工程 ) is a very important story in the development of civilization ( 文明 ). Civil engineers began practising their profession four thousand years ago. What is left of their work is the proof that they were wise. These engineers of the ancient
10、world built entire cities. They designed systems of pipes which supplied fresh water. They built water pipelines for farmlands as well as bridges of great length. The relics of their buildings tell us much about the work of early engineers. Consider the pyramids of Egypt. They are evidence that some
11、 of the earliest engineers had great scientific ability. There is also evidence that those engineers could make lasting work of art and design. Although they lived thousands of years ago， the Egyptian engineers used very exact measurements. The base of the largest pyramid the Great Pyramid near Giza
12、 comes to within inches of being a perfect square. The pyramid is perfectly placed. Each corner points toward the exact directions of north, south, east and west. The inside of the pyramid is filled with complicated (复杂的 ) passages and tunnels. These lead to different rooms inside the pyramid. Many
13、of these passages are of great length and height. The engineers of Egypt did more than design the pyramids. They also set up methods of moving and shaping the building materials. These materials were very heavy. They had to be brought from miles away and sometimes lifted several hundred feet. During
14、 the work the engineers commanded thousands of workers. The pyramids remain as evidence of the abilities of the ancient Egyptian engineers. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。土木工程的发展历 史在文明进程中居重要地位。文中以埃及金字塔的土木工程建筑为例，介绍了土木工程师在建设中的重要贡献。 4 Forty centuries ago _ . A there appeared civil engineers by profession B people began
15、 practising engineering in order to become professional engineers C civil engineers began putting their knowledge into practice D civil engineers got more involved in their profession 答案： C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知， 4,000 年前，土木工程师已经开始把他们的知识运用到实践中了。 5 The civil engineers of ancient times were wise enough to
16、build entire cities, including _ . 【 精品教育资源文库 】 A systems of pipes, bridges and machinery B pipeline systems, bridges and farmlands C water supply systems, bridges and pipelines D water supply systems, bridges and stadiums 答案： C 细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句可知，古代土木工程师建起的城市包括水利系统、桥梁和管道等。 6 From the passage we kno
17、w that _ . A building materials were broken into small pieces B there were no requirements for the size and shape of building materials C Egyptian engineers were not concerned with the size and shape of building materials D building materials were processed (加工 ) to meet certain requirements 答案： D 推
18、理判断题。由第三段第六句 “The pyramid is perfectly placed.” 和第四段第二句 “They also set up methods of moving and shaping the building materials.”可推知，人们对建筑材料进行加工以满足某种需要。 7 The passage can be best titled “_ ” A Evidence of Human Civilization B Early Civil Engineers C Ancient Architecture (建筑 ) D Development of Civil E
19、ngineering 答案： A 标题判断题。整篇文章主要在讲述人类文明的证据。 B 项局限于早期的土木工程师，不够全面； C 项局限于古代建筑； D 项指土木工程的发展。 . 七选五 (2017 全国卷 )Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done. _1_ , there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now. _2_ . Tell the person youre
20、 sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time. When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then. _3_ . It can help to eliminate (消除 ) future inte
21、rruptions. When you need to talk to someone, dont do it in your own office. _4_ , its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are. If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. _5_ . If some
22、one knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint (暗示 ) that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 A If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying no B When you want to avoid interruptions at work C Set bou
23、ndaries for yourself as far as your time goes D If youre in the other persons office or in a public area E Its important that you let them know when youll be available F It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何避免工作时受到打扰提出了几点建议。 1 B 空格后说 “ 有几种方法来处理这些情况 ” ， B 项 “ 当你想在工作中避免受到打扰时 ” 与上下文衔接紧密，故为
