1、定语从句定语从句Attributive Clause人教版英语九年级全一册语法从句专项CONTENTSCONTENTS定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。e.g.This is the book which interests me.这是我感兴趣的那本书。先行词 关系词 定语从句引导定从的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先
2、行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。e.g.The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.（限制性定语从句）The government,which promises to cut taxes,will be popular.（非限制性定语从句）关系词的用法关系词的用法1.th
3、at 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。e.g.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）关系词的用法2.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。e.g.The girl who often helps me with my Englis
4、h is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）I will give this gift to the student whoever comes next.我会把这个礼物给下一个进来的同学.关系词的用法3.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。e.g.The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车
5、站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）关系词的用法4.whose既可以指代人又可物，在从句中作定语。e.g.A number of children whose parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.许多父母在地震中丧生的孩子被送往其他城市的家庭生活。(whose修饰parents)The club whose members are musi
6、c fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.俱乐部的成员是乐迷，每周六下午在学校花园聚会。(whose修饰members)关系词的用法5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句介词+which引导的定语从句修饰指物的名词；介词+whom引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词e.g.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.介词in 也可以放在最后The parts of town which they had to live in we
7、re decided by white people.关系词的用法The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.介词with也可以放在后边The money which you were to buy dog food with is gone.Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.介词to可以放在后边Mandela was the black lawyer who/whom I went to for advice.注意：若to在前，后边必须用宾格whom;若
8、to在后边，who和whom都可She is the person from whom you can expect good advice.介词from可以放在后边She is the persom who/whom you can expect good advice from.关系词的用法6.关系副词when在其引导的定语从句中作时间状语，修饰的是表示时间的名词。e.g.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候是我一生中非常困难的时期。wh
9、en相当于介词+先行词time,从句可改写为：I first met Nelson Mandela at that time.关系词的用法7.关系副词where在其引导的定语从句中作地点状语，修饰的是表示地点的名词。e.g.The parts of town where they had to live were decided by white people.他们必须居住的城镇地区由白人决定。同理，where=介词+先行词=in the town,从句可改写为：They had to live in the town.Life is a long race where we compete
10、with others to go beyond ourselves.生活是一场漫长的比赛，我们与他人竞争，超越自我。关系词的用法8.关系副词why在其引导的定语从句中作原因状语，先行词一般是reasone.g.Can you tell me the reason why/for which you want to leave your present employer?你能告诉我你想离开现在的雇主的原因吗？先行词是reason,关系词可以是why,和for which,why=for which=for+先行词=for the reason注意tips（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末
11、时，who，whom，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。e.g.This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时
12、，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。e.g.The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。注意tips（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.e.g.He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词指物时，只能用t
13、hat，而不用which.e.g.Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.e.g.This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注意tipsd.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.e.g.I can remember well the persons and some picture
14、s that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：e.g.Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which，例如：e.g.There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。注意tips（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不
15、用that.e.g.Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.e.g.This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which，而不用that，e.g.Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。课后练习用that,which,who,whom,whose填空。1This is the boy _ mother teaches us Chinese m
16、 our school.2This is the factory _ I visited.3Is this factory the one _ a lot of students visitedyesterday?4The first thing _ we should do is to clean the room.5You should do all _ I told you to do.6The naughty boy can do something _ will give you trouble.7This is the tallest building _ I have ever seen.8This is the very person _ I need.9There is little _ I can give you.10I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.whosewhich/thatthatthatthatthatthatthat/whothatthat/which再见！再见！Thanks！
