1、专题八专题八 情态动词情态动词中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于79年级学生本专题一般共需1课时情态动词情态动词 知识要点:一、情态动词概说 二、情态动词用法 三、巩固练习一一、情态动词概说情态动词概说 1情态动词也是“辅助性”动词,用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有:请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。eg:Can you help me?You should finish your homework first.2情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面只跟动词原形。eg:She can sing an English
2、 song.3有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同,有些与原形不同。4.情态动词的否定形式:cannot-cant could not-couldnt may not-maynt might not-mightnt must not-mustnt will not-wont would not-wouldnt need not-neednt shall not-shant should not-shouldnt ought not-oughtnt dare not-darent 二、常用情态动词的用法二、常用情态动词的用法:1can与could1)can(1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示
3、根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。He can drive.I cant catch up with Jim.can与be able to二者都表示“能够”,区别是:can只有现在时和过去式,而be able to可用于各种时态。如:Ill be able to speak French in half a year.He hasnt been able to finish it on time.(2)表示允许:Can I use your bike?(3)表示推测:can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。Who can it be?It cant be true.2)could(1)can
4、的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。He couldnt climb up the mountain.The news could be true.(2)表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。Could you go skating with me tomorrow?Could I use your pen?Yes,you can。No,you cant。(3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度 How could he say that?2.may/mightmay/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。如:-Why isnt he in class?He may be sick.(生病
5、的可能性较大)He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如:He says we may leave.He said we might leave.may/might 表示建议或请求,但might比may 更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。May/Might I use your bike?Yes,you can/may.No,you mustnt3must(1)表示义务,命令或必要。eg.Soldiers must ob
6、ey orders.战士必须服从命令。We must be strict with ourselves.我们必须严格要求自己。(2)must表示肯定的推测。如:eg.The light is still on,so he must be at home.灯还亮着,所以他一定在家。(3)mustnt 表示禁止做某事。eg.You mustnt smoke in the office.你不准在办公室抽烟。(4)must 引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt.eg.Must he finish all his work this week?Yes,he must No,he
7、neednt(5)此外还要弄清楚must与与have to的区别的区别 1 两词都是必须的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)2must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)6need1)need意思是“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和关系问句中。You needn
8、t come so early.Need I take part in the Party?2)need引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用must,否定回答时用neednt。Need he come?Yes,he must./No,he neednt.3)need to do sth 实意动词用法7.will/wouldwill 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式 wont+动词。如:I will tell you all about it.Tom wont do such a thing.will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如:Will y
9、ou please tell her the news when you see her?will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如:Fish will die out of water.would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如:Would you please be quiet?Would you like coffee?would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如:When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.8.dare1)dare意思是“敢”,用于肯定结构中时,后接加to的
10、动词不定式。The boy dared to climb up the tree.She should dare to question her teacher.2)dare用于否定句或疑问句中时,与大多数的情态动词一样,后接不带to的动词不定式。Dont dare do that again!The poor girl dare not go home.9had better You had better see a doctor.You had better not leave now.Had I better wait for her?10.should/ought toshould和o
11、ught to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如:You should/ought to work hard.should/ought to work hard.Since she is not here,we should/ought to be in the classroom.should/ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:Children shouldnt smoke.should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如:You ought to respect your parents.He suggested that they shoul
12、d leave at once.【典型例题】1.Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I_ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)A.must B.would C.should D.might解析:答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“Im not sure”,表明我可能去Jeffs party,也可能去音乐会,故用might。2.Isnt that Anns husband over there?No,it be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A.cant B.
13、must not C.wont D.may not 解析:答案为A。本题考查情态动词表推测。问:那边的难道不是 Ann的丈夫 吗?答:不是。不可能是他,我确信他不戴眼镜。3.Will you stay for lunch?Sorry,_.My brother is coming to see me.A.I mustnt B.I cant C.I neednt D.I wont解析:答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语,用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构,是表示一种请求和意愿,是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气,意思是“请你,好吗”,对于这种问句的肯定回答是:Suree!Gertainly
14、!Yes,of course.Id be glad to 等;否定回答通常是:Im sorry,I cant.No,Im afraid I cant.Im sorry,but Id like to,but 等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。1.Nobody _ do it.Let me _.A.can,try B.cant,to try C.can,to try D.cant,trying2.“_ you like _ bananas to eat?”“Yes,please.”A.Would,some B.Will,any C.Could,any D.Can,some3.
15、“Can you answer this question in English?”“Sorry,I _.”A.neednt B.may not C.cant D.mustnt4.“_ I borrow your dictionary?”“Certainly,here you are.”A.Must B.May C.Need D.Shall5.I _ see the words on the blackboard._ you write a bit clearly?A.mustnt,Can B.dont,will C.cant,Can D.neednt,Could课堂小练1.Nobody _A
16、_ do it.Let me _.A.can,try B.cant,to try C.can,to try D.cant,trying2.“_A_ you like _ bananas to eat?”“Yes,please.”A.Would,some B.Will,any C.Could,any D.Can,some3.“Can you answer this question in English?”“Sorry,I _C_.”A.neednt B.may not C.cant D.mustnt4.“_B_ I borrow your dictionary?”“Certainly,here
17、 you are.”A.Must B.May C.Need D.Shall5.I _ see the words on the blackboard._C_ you write a bit clearly?A.mustnt,Can B.dont,will C.cant,Can D.neednt,Could6.Its a sunny day today.You _ take a raincoat with you.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.can7.Ive looked for my pen everywhere,but I _ find it.A.couldnt B
18、.cant C.mustnt D.didnt8.“_ I speak to Ann?”“Speaking.”A.Must B.May C.Need D.Shall9.Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?_.A.Yes,we shall B.Yes,you shall C.Yes,you will D.All right10.Mr.John,we must hand in our homework today,_?No,you _.But you must bring it to school tomorrow.A.neednt we;mustnt B.mustnt
19、we;neednt C.mustnt you;mustnt D.neednt we;neednt6.Its a sunny day today.You _C_ take a raincoat with you.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.can7.Ive looked for my pen everywhere,but I _B_ find it.A.couldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.didnt8.“_B_ I speak to Ann?”“Speaking.”A.Must B.May C.Need D.Shall9.Shall we go to t
20、he zoo tomorrow?_D_.A.Yes,we shall B.Yes,you shall C.Yes,you will D.All right10.Mr.John,we must hand in our homework today,_?No,you _B_.But you must bring it to school tomorrow.A.neednt we;mustnt B.mustnt we;neednt C.mustnt you;mustnt D.neednt we;neednt中考真题1.(2021贵州铜仁中考)-Must I water the flowers now
21、,mum?-No,you .You do it later.A.mustnt;must B.mustnt;mayC.neednt;may D.neednt;must2.(2021江苏连云港中考)-I know by what time you want the project to be done?-By the day after tomorrow.you finish it on time?A.May;Can B.Must;Need C.Could;Must D.Need;Would3.(2021长沙中考)-Whos singing in the garden?-It be Mr.Brow
22、n.He always practices singing at this time.A.must B.cant C.need4.(2021河北中考)I follow you.Would you please repeat it?A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt5.(2021北京中考)-Must I hand in my homework now,Mr.Smith?-No,you .A.cant B.shouldnt C.wouldnt D.needntCAAAD课时总结原 形过去式词 义cancould1、能 2、cant表推测:“一定不、肯定不maym
23、ight1、表请求:可以(或许)2、表推测:有可能It may rain this afternoon.Im afraid it might snow tomorrow.must(have/has tomust(had to)1必须(不得不)mustt 表表禁止禁止,You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。2、表推测:“一定、准是 例1、He must have a car now.他一定有辆小汽车。例2、He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.他一定在教室里做练习。He must have f
24、inished the work.(过去发生)他一定已完成了工作。willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded“需要”neednt=dont have to 表示表示不必不必 You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。daredared敢于 情态动词的助记口诀:情态动词两要点:动词原形跟后边,没有人称、数之变,can 表能力,may许可,must来把责任担(必须),否定回答need换。need需要 dare敢,should应该,will/would 愿(意),have to“不得不”表客观。表示“建议”和“忠告”,had better 为最好。建议某人“最好不”,要用 had better not do。