1、专题五专题五 prepositionpreposition（介词）（介词）中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于79年级学生本专题一般共需2课时Preposition(Preposition(介词介词)知识要点：一、介词的分类和用法 二、常用介词搭配和区别 三、巩固练习第二课时 常用介词搭配和区别 一、常用介词搭配 二、介词搭配区别 三、常见易错点辨析 四、巩固练习在家at home在学校 at school在工作 _at work_立刻 at once在晚上 at night 在的尽头 at the end of在的开始 at the beginning of 要，请求 _ask for_到达 a
2、rrive in(at)同意某人 agree with sb 以开始 begin with_在方面擅长 be good at 对有好处 be good for 对有害处 be bad for 充满 be full of_出生于 be born in 对某事感到满意 be satisfied with sth 对某人严格 be strict with sb 忙于做某事 _ 迟到 be late for 生某人的气 be angry with sb 对某人感到满意 be pleased with sb 对感兴趣 be interested in 与不同 _以骄傲 _对感到厌烦 be tired o
3、f be different frombe proud of be busy with sth赶上赶上 catch up with 依靠依靠 _在在方面做得好方面做得好 do well in充满，装满充满，装满 fill with 听说听说 _收到收到的来信的来信 _在在方面帮助方面帮助 helpwith最后，终于最后，终于 in the end depend on hear ofhear from睡觉睡觉 in bed 及时及时 _匆忙，急忙匆忙，急忙 in a hurry 在阳光下在阳光下 _事实上事实上 in fact 处于困境中处于困境中 _看看 look at 寻找寻找 look f
4、or照顾，照看照顾，照看 look after 检查检查 look over 嘲笑嘲笑 _in trouble in time in the sunlaugh at动身去某处动身去某处 _听听 listen to 与与交朋友交朋友 make friends with 在某人回家的路上在某人回家的路上 on ones way home展览展览 _究竟，到底究竟，到底 on earth 在在顶部顶部 on the top of 另一方面另一方面 on the other hand 值日；值班值日；值班 on duty 步行步行 on foot照顾，照看照顾，照看 _leave foron show
5、take care of 三易混介词的用法辨析 1.动作介词to与toward的用法辨析 介词to表示向某处移动“到”如They are walking to the school.他们正走去学校。介词toward 表示移向某处“朝.”如Were moving toward the light.我们正朝着光移动。2.材料介词of和from的用法 介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时如The desk is made of wood.这张桌子由木头制成。介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时如Wine is made from grapes.酒是葡萄做的。3.表示“用”的介词in、with、by的
6、用法辨析 介词in表示“用材料、语言”如Can you say it in English?你会用英语说这个吗？介词with表示“用工具、某物”如Can you draw pictures with a pen?你会用钢笔画画吗？介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过.方法”如He prefers traveling by car.4.介词between与among的用法辨析 介词between 表示“在两者之间”如Dont sit between the two girls.介词among表示“在?当中三者或以上”如They lived among the mountains in the past
7、.5.介词besides与except的用法辨析 介词besides表示“除之外全部计算在内”如We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.除了李芳以外，我们也看过这只鳄鱼。介词except表示“除?之外不计算在内”如We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.我们搬出了汤姆都是中国人。四、正误辨析 1.误 He became a writter at his twenties 正 He became a writter in his twenties 析:这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段
8、生活时间段中要用 介词in来表示而在具体岁 数时用at来表示。2.误 I havent seen you during the summer holidays.正 I havent seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.析 during表示在某一段时间之内所以一般不与完成时搭配 如I visited a lot of museums during the holiday.而for表示一段时间可以用于完成时 如I havent seen you for a long time.而through 用来表示时间时则为整整全部的时间。如
9、It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间一般要与完成时连用。3.误：At entering the classroom,I heard the good news.正：On entering the classroom,I heard the good news.析：On 加动名词表示一就。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室 就听见这个好消息了。又如on hearing 一听见 on arrival 一到达就.(on表示动作的名词)4.误：He came to London before last weekend.正：He had come to
10、 London before last weekend.He came to London two weeks ago.析：before 一般要与完成时连用而ago则与一般过去时连用。5.误：Three days after he died.正：After three days he died.Three days later he died.析：after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后但它们所处的 位置不同after 在时间词前而later在时间词后。6.误：I can help you repair this bike.You will get it after two hou
11、rs.正：I can help you repair this bike.You will get it in two hours.析：中文经常讲两小时之后来取两天内会修好而这个介词在 英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二 after 多用于过去时 如：I arrived in New York.After three days,I found a job in the bank.after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围 如after three days,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干 时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。7.误：There is a beautifu
12、l bird on the tree.正：There is a beautiful bird in the tree.析：树上长出的果实、树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.8.误There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.析在屋内的角落应用in而墙的外角用at 如There is a tree at the corner of the street.9.误This weekend Ill stay in
13、 Uncle Wangs.正This weekend Ill stay at Uncle Wangs.析 要注意英文的特殊表达法 如at a tailors shop(裁缝店)at a tailors,at the doctors(去看病)at the booksellers(在书店)at uncle Wangs(在王叔叔家)10.误 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper?正 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper?析 在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具
14、体某一版上或某一页上则要用on。一、一、Fill in the blanks with right propositionsFill in the blanks with right propositions(用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空)1.We usually have lunch_ noon.2.Lin Tao was born_ February 18th.3.Ann sits_ my right,_ Kates left.She sits_us.4.My father is leaving_ Suzhou tomorrow.5.They went_ the gate and en
15、tered the garden.1.We usually have lunch_ noon.2.Lin Tao was born_ February 18th.3.Ann sits_ my right,_ Kates left.She sits_us.4.My father is leaving_ Suzhou tomorrow.5.They went_ the gate and entered the garden.at on on on between for through 一、一、Fill in the blanks with right propositionsFill in th
16、e blanks with right propositions(用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空)6.We can do all things _our hands.7.-Which necklace have you lost?-The one you gave me _ my birthday8.Last month he worked_ a teacher _ three weeks.9.Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake.10.I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myse
17、lf_ last.6.We can do all things _our hands.7.-Which necklace have you lost?-The one you gave me _ my birthday8.Last month he worked_ a teacher _ three weeks.9.Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake.10.I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myself_ last.with on as for for for at by1.（2
18、021四川达州市）What happened to Tony?_ the morning of a rainy day,he _ a bike and hurt his legs.AIn;put off BOn;fell off CIn;fell off DOn;put off2（2021江苏苏州市）Football fans are often called the“12th man”because of their influence _ a team.Ato Bfrom Con Dat3（2021江苏扬州市）Chinas first Mars rover,Zhurong,touched
19、down on the Red Planet _ May 15,2021.Aon Bin Cat Dto4（2021云南昆明市）Since 1921,the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）has been leading the Chinese people _ a better life.Aof Bon Cat DtoBCAD5.（2021四川自贡市）Have you heard of the news about Yuan Longping?Yes.Its reported that he passed away _ the age of 91 yester
20、day.Aat Bin Con6.（2021安徽）Our country has made great progress in the fight _ blue skies and clear waters.Ain Bfor Cagainst Dbetween7.（2020贵州黔南州）There is going to be an English movie in our school _ the evening of June 30.A.at B.in C.for D.on8.（2020海南省）Eight members of a Chinese team arrived _ the top
21、 of Mount Qomolangma successfully.A.in B.at C.to9.（2020黑龙江绥化）What time is it?Its half _ seven.A.past B.to C.atABDBASummary 课时总结 早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后，小处at大处in。有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。介词用法口诀 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、
22、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和一就，on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关
23、。beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。同类比较except，加for异类记心间。原状because of,、owing to、due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。before、after表一点,ago、later表一段。before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。since以来during间，since时态多变换。与之相比beside，除了last but one。复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面，有关介词须记全。in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。
