1、 专题专题04 04 语法复习一语法复习一 人教版八年级上册期末复习人教版八年级上册期末复习本册语法知识总复习1、一般过去时态使用的具体情况：(1).表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last night,in 1990,two days ago.(2).也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用，如：often,alwayse.g.He was here only a few minutes ago.仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。I came home just now.我刚回到家。I got up very early t
2、his morning.今天早晨我起床很早。He was late for school again today.今天他又迟到了。【注意】：“过去”的概念并不是只指如“yesterday,last week,”等，实际上“与现在对立的过去”，亦即“非现在的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。一、一般过去时态本册语法知识总复习2、一般过去时态中的标志性时间状语主要分两种情况(1).具体的时间状语 .ago（two hours ago）,Jan.4th,yesterday,the
3、 day before yesterday last week,last(year,night,month)at the age of.(2).不具体时间just now,one day,long long ago,nce upon a time（很久以前）this morning例句:I did my homework yesterday.I played soccer last Sunday.I cleaned my room last week.I went to the beach three years ago.I played tennis with my friends last
4、 weekend.I went to the movies three days ago.本册语法知识总复习3、一般过去时态的构成句子的时态是通过谓语动词的变化来体现的，一般过去时态中，谓语动词要用动词的过去形式。(1).含be 动词的一般过去时态构成：肯定句：主语+was(were)+其它.e.g.I was late yesterday.昨天我迟到了。否定句：主语+was(were)+not+其它.e.g.We werent late yesterday.我们昨天没迟到。疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+其它?e.g.Were you ill yesterday?你昨天病了吗？肯定回答：Y
5、es,I was.是的，我病了。否定句：No,I wasnt.不，我没病。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+其它?e.g.When were you born?你是什么时候出生的？本册语法知识总复习(2).实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did。肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它.e.g.I went home at nine oclock yesterday.我昨天九点钟回的家。否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+其它.e.g.I didnt go home yesterday.我昨天没回家。疑问句：Did+
6、主语+动词原形+其它？e.g.Did you go home yesterday?你昨天回家了吗？肯定回答：Yes,I did.是的，我回了。否定回答：No,I didnt.不，我没回家。4、原形动词变过去式规则动词过去式变化规则(1).直接加ed：work worked looklooked playplayed 本册语法知识总复习(2).以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused(3).以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried(4).以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjo
7、y enjoyed playplayed(5).以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop stopped planplanned(6).这些是常用的不规则变化am,iswas arewere gowent dodid havehad comecame taketook saysaid eatate seesaw getgot putputsleepslept givegave writewrote readread buybought sitsat runran swim swam makemade feelfelt hearheard growgrew telltold kno
8、wknew findfound beginbegan bring brought standstood spendspent catchcaught teachtaught本册语法知识总复习二、复合不定代词用法1、这类不定代词有everything(一切事，最重要的事)；everyone=everybody(每个人，所有人);something(某事，重要的人或事物)；someone=somebody(某/有人，重要的人)anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物)；anyone=anybody(任何人，无论谁);nothing(没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事);no one=n
9、obody(没有人，不重要的人)。2、不定代词使用时，需注意以下机点：作主语时，谓语动词用单数。代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用it；代替与-body,-one构成的复合不定代词，一般用they，在正式文体中可用he。例如：Everyone knows what they have/he has to do,dont they/doesnt he?每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？本册语法知识总复习修饰它们的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面例如：This is something special.这是种特别的东西。Havent you got any
10、thing to do?你无事可干吗？除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，selse要加在else后面。例如：Grammar isnt everybodys idea of fun.语法不是每个人都认为兴趣的。That must be somebody elses coat;it isnt mine.那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。everyone=everybody,anyone=anybody,只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one,any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。例如：Is anybody here?有人吗？You can
11、 take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。与some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some,any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，notany-构成完全否定，但没有any-not的说法；与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中。本册语法知识总复习与no-构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义，所以一定要与肯定的动词连用。not与由every-构成的复合不定代词是部分否定。三、频度副词的用法1.“频度副词”是用来表示动作频率的，即在一定的时间内动作重复发生或状态重复出现的次数。下列的这些频度
12、副词比较常见：always “总是”，表示动作重复或状态延续。usually “通常”，表示很少有例外。often “经常”，表示动作的重复，但不如 sometimes “有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。seldom 很少hardly “几乎不”，常和ever连用表示强调。never “从未”。本册语法知识总复习2.频度副词的位置(1).在be动词之后。如：She is sometimes very busy.她有时很忙。(2).在第一个动词或情态动词之后。如：I will never forget the first time I met you.我将永远忘不了和你的第一次见面。(3).在实义动词
13、之前。如：We often go there.我们常去那儿。(4).sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末，often也可放在句末。例如：Sometimes she writes to me.她有时候给我写信。She writes to me often.她经常给我写信。3.对频率副词及短语提问 对这些频度副词提问时，用how often。如：I write to my brother sometimes.（对sometimes提问）How often do you write to your brother?.本册语法知识总复习how often 意为“多久一次”，是用于提问表示 频率
14、的特殊疑问词组。其答语应为表示 频率 的副词或副词词组。句子的时态一般是一般现在时态，也可以是一般过去时。如：-How often does he come here?他(每隔)多久来一次?-Once a month.每月一次。-How often do you visit your mother?你多长时间看你妈妈一次?-Once a week.一周一次。4.“次数”的表达方法一次 once，两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上 times，如：three times,five times,one hundred times.表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/a wee
15、k/a month/a year twice a day/a week/a month/a year hree times a day/a week/这些表次数的词后与一段时间连用，表示动作多长时间发生几次，即动作的频率。对次数提问使用 how many times例如：How many times a week do you watch TV?How many times do you watch TV in a week?本册语法知识总复习四、形容词的原级，比较级，最高级1.什么是形容词的原级？表示修饰两种东西的程度是一样的,用as as表示原级，译为:“和一样”。2.什么是形容词的比较级
16、？表示两者相比，一个比另一个更，有比较级的句中有than,且仅限于两者比较。原级是说明两个人物或事物的程度一样。比较级是区分两个人物或事物的程度不一样。This tree is as tall as that tree.The green bag is as big as the blue one.This pencil is as long as that pencil.当两个人或两件事物进行比较时，形容词和副词要用比较级，也就是词尾-er形式，比较级常常用than来连接被比较的两个人或事物The pink dress is cheap.The black dress is cheaper
17、than the pink one.The red apple is big.The green apple is bigger than the red one.本册语法知识总复习3.形容词的最高级：英语中三者或三者以上在某个方面进行比较时，表达某个个体在某方面“最”这样的最高程度概念时，相应的形容词或副词要用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般带有表示比较的介词短语，比如:in our class,of the three 等。例如:Wang Lin is the tallest in our class.This theater is the cheapest of the thr
18、ee.4.形容词比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化情况:1)单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾后加-er 构成比较级 或-est构成最高级.如：cold colder coldest bright brighterbrightest young younger youngest2)以字母 e 结尾的词只加 r 或-st 构成比较级和最高级。nice nicer nicest fine finer finest large larger largest3)重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。big bigger biggest thin thinner t
19、hinnest 本册语法知识总复习4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再加-er或-est。easy easier easiest happy happier happiest5)多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或most。deliciousmore deliciousmost delicious interestingmore interestingmost interestingimportant more important most important(2)构成的不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/ill/badly wo
20、rse worst little less least many/much more most far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest本册语法知识总复习5.比较级的用法(1)讲述两者有差异，第一个人物超过第二个人物时用比较级。基本句型：主语(A)+谓语动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+主语(B)+e.g.A modern train is faster than a car.现代的火车比轿车快多了。This book didnt cost me more than that one.这本书花费我的
21、钱不比那本多。在形容词比较级前还可用much,even,still,far,a little来修饰，表示“的多”，“甚至”,“更”,“一些”。e.g.This city is much more beautiful than before.Shes a little more outgoing than me.Its a little colder today.(2)“比较级and比较级”意为“越来越”多音节比较级用“more and more形容词原级”形式。例如：Its getting worse and worse.The group became more and more popul
22、ar.本册语法知识总复习(3)“Which/Who is+比较级？”比较A、B两事物,问其中哪一个较时用此句型。例如：Which T-shirt is nicer,this one or that one?Who is more active,Mary or Kate?Which one is more popular among students,going to concerts or going to movies?(4)the+比较级.，the+比较级.“越,越”eg.The more,the better.The harder you work,the better grades y
23、oull get.5.使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点：(1)than后面接代词时,一般要用主格形式，但在口语中也可使用宾格形式。如：My brother is taller than I/me.(2)当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much,a lot,a little,a bit,even,still等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用very,so,too,quite等修饰。如：He is much more serious than Sam.本册语法知识总复习(3)形容词比较级后面往往用连词than连接另一个比较的人或事物,但在上下文明确的情况下,形容词比较级可单独使用。例
24、如：My sister is tall,but my aunt is taller.我姐姐个子高,但我姑姑个子更高。(4)进行比较的人和物必须是同一类。例如：My books are more than yours.I have more books than you.6.使用最高级时应注意的几点：(1)表示“最之一”的句式，要用 one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词。例如：Jingjiang Hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our city.Lisa is one of my best friends.(2)当最高级前面有物主代词或名词所有
25、格时，不加定冠词 the。例如：Tom is Lucys best friend.Tuesday is her busiest day.(3)最高级前可加序数词。eg.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.本册语法知识总复习(4)形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。eg.He is the laziest(student)in our class.(5)形容最高级用在选择疑问句中，结构为：Who/Which.,A,B or C?Who is the best English teacher,Mr
26、.Zhang,Miss Li or Miss Wang？五、动词不定式做宾语的用法1在有些动词后面可以用动词不定式或不定式短语作宾语例如：He offered to help us.他提出要帮我们的忙。She cant afford to buy a computer她买不起电脑。When did you begin to work there?你什么时候开始在那里工作的?They decided to drop the plan他们决定放弃这项划。We11 continue to support you我们将继续支持你。She is learning to swim她在学游泳。We love
27、 to listen to fairy tales我们喜欢听童话故事。He promised to return in an hour他答应一小时后回来。本册语法知识总复习【重点】能跟不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want，like，wish，hate，prefer，hope，continue，manage，try，ask，offer，start，forget，promise，mean，pretend，intend，begin，attempt，decide，learn，desire，agree，care，choose，determine，undertake，expect等。2有些动词(如tell
28、，advise，show，teach，find out，discuss，learn，forget等)后面可跟一个带有连接副(代)词的不定式作宾语：例如：They will teach us how to type他们将教我们怎样打字。She didnt know how to answer她不知如何回答是好。Hell advise you what to do他会帮你出主意怎么办。You must decide whether to go with them你必须决定是否要和他们一道去。本册语法知识突破练习1.When _ Jessy _ to New York?A.does;get B.di
29、d;get C.to school;got D.had;got2.My father _ a doctor 20 years ago.A.is B.has C.was D.were3.Mrs Brown is nice.Every day she tried to cook _ for me during my stay in Canada.A.something different B.anything differentC.nothing different D.different something4.Did you eat _ for breakfast this morning?No
30、,I ate _.A.everything;something B.everything;anythingC.anything;everything D.anything;nothing5.I called you,but nobody answered.Where _ you?A.is B.are C.was D.were一、单项选择题本册语法知识突破练习6.We_eat junk food,so were healthy.A.always B.usually C.often D.hardly ever7.Now the train service is very good.The trai
31、ns are_on time.A.hardly B.always C.never D.sometimes8._do you have a sports meeting in your school?Twice a year.A.How long B.How often C.How far D.How soon9.My father is _than my mother.A.seriouser B.more serious C.so serious as D.the most serious10.-Mom,you are _taller than me now.-Well,youll be as
32、 tall as me soon.A.too B.much C.very D.so本册语法知识突破练习11.How do you usually go to work?On foot.Walking is much_than driving during the heavy traffic time.A.fast B.faster C.more faster D.fastest12.Both of the T-shirts are in style this year.But I think this one is_.A.popular B.much popularC.more popular
33、 D.the most popular13.I think listening is just as_as speaking in language learning.A.important B.more important C.more difficult D.more interesting14.The bread is _ than these cakes A.very delicious B.much delicious C.more delicious D.as delicious15.Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school s
34、ports meeting A.far B.farther C.farthest D.quite far本册语法知识突破练习16.When they met in the hotel.They feel very _A.happily B.happy C.happier D.happiest17.He is _ enough to carry the heavy box.A.strong B.stronger C.much stronger D.the strongest18.Which subject is _,physics or chemistry?A.interesting B.mos
35、t interesting C.more interesting D.the most interesting19.A horse is _ than a dog.A.much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier D.more heavy20.Hainan is a very large Island.It is the second _ island in china.A.large B.larger C.largest D.most largest 本册语法知识突破练习21.Mr Li asks the students _ in the river,b
36、ecause its too dangerous.Aswim Bto swim Cnot to swim Dto not swim22.Hi,Bruce.Heres a letter for you.Thanks.I wonder_.Awho that letter was from Bwho was from that letterCwho was that letter from Dwho from that letter was23.Lets _ for a walk,shall we?Ato go Bgoing Cgo Dgone24.Its sunny today.Lets go m
37、ountain climbing,_？Good idea!Ashall we Bwill you Cwont you Dare you25.What time do you expect her_？Aarrive Bis arriving Carriving Dto arrive【答案】1-5 BCADD 6-10 DBBBB 11-15 BCACC 16-20 BACCC 21-25 CACAD本册语法知识突破练习二、二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Where _ she _(go)last week?2.When I was in American,I _(ma
38、ke)a lot of new friends.3.Mike goes to see his grandparents _(one)a week.4.He didnt go to school.He could _(hard)read or write.5.Nowadays English is _ (important)than any other subject,I think.6.Gold(黄金)is _(little)useful than iron(铁).7.My sister is two years _(old)than me.【答案】1.did you 2 made 3once
39、 4.hardly 5.more important 6.less 7.older本册语法知识突破练习三、根据汉语意思和括号内的中英文提示完成句子三、根据汉语意思和括号内的中英文提示完成句子1.I go shopping _(一周三次).2.-_(多久一次)does your brother exercise?-Every day.3.Her parents are not very because she _(几乎从不)helps with housework.4.How can I speak English_(与你一样好),Rose?Practice makes perfect.5.我的妹妹比我文静得多。My younger sister is_than me.6.他比我更高，更外向。He is _ and _ than me.【答案】1.once a week 2.How often 3.hardly ever 4.as well as you 5.a lot/much quieter 6.taller;more outgoing
