1、阅读精讲-主旨大意知识点例题练习题知识梳理:阅读理解之主旨大意题一.主旨题型特点 主旨题型特点：要求考生能够把握文章全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。要求把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心。主旨题的题干表现形式有以下几类：题型特点1.Main Idea 选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。1.What is the main idea/point of this passage？2.The main idea of this article is _.3.This passage is mainly about
2、 _.4.The text mainly talks about _.2.Main Topic 选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic（论题）或 Subject（主题），或 Title（标题）等。典型问题形式：1.What is the main topic of this passage？2.What is the main subject of the passage?3.The best title/headline for this passage might be _.4.The best title/headline for this passage should
3、be _.5.The passage can be entitled _.3.Purpose类型选项形式多为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。典型问题形式：What is the authors main purpose in the passage?The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _.二.解题方法1.找主题句2.找主题词（一）找主题句主题句是在段落中最能概括说明段落中心思想的句子。据估计，英语中有60%90%的说明文和科技文献都有主题句，其中50%的主题句在段首，30%的主题句在段尾，15%的主题句在段落中间。因此，如果
4、文章只有一段，看懂文章的开头两句是极为重要的。如果文章有几段，则每一段的第一句都要仔细地读，尤其是最长的一段更要注意它的主要内容。边阅读边在主题段或主题句或重要的词句下面划线，读完全文后再回过头来重读划线部分，然后就会得出作者的主要意图。1.主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显的引出细节的信号词。常见的信号词有for example，an example of，the most important example of；first，second，next，last，finally；to
5、begin with，also，besides that；one；the other，some，others，等等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。例一People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables an
6、d fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti（意大利面条）,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fastfoods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.()Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A.Some people like steak and o
7、thers red meat.B.Vegetables are very healthy for you.C.How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D.Different people have different tastes in food.例二 请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和信号词：Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause
8、cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,c
9、ancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?KEY：Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.2.主题句在段尾一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚，或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。有些文章以列举事实依据开头，通过论证，最后讲出作者自己所阐述的核心论点。在做阅读理解试题时，要充分利用引出结论的信号词，如clearly，plainly；so，therefore，thus，consequently；In conclusion，in short等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号同时，可添加一
10、个引出结论的信号词以确定主题句是否是段落的最后一句话。例一 Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them.Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually.Still,the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others.It just happens that American
11、s and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.This passage mainly tells us_.A.how Americans show respect to othersB.how Japanese show respect to their American acquaintancesC.Americans and Japanese have different ways of showin
12、g respectD.Japanese are not satisfied with American casual behavior例二 请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和信号词：Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent（清白的）.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his ow
13、n weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.KEY：So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.3.主题句在段中有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现，但不是就在正中间。请阅读下列短文并找出主题句例一Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a da
14、rk night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has b
15、een out.例二 Just as I settle down to read or watch television,he demands that I play with him.If I get a telephone call,he screams in the background or knocks something over.I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him.Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun.He refuses.to let me ea
16、t a snack in peace.Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat.Then,when he finally grows tired,it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun.（二）找主题词有时段落中没有明显的主题句。作者用一种间接的方式表达了段落的中心思想。这时我们不能轻而易举地判断出主旨或主题这样，主题句是含蓄的，它隐含在短文或段落之中，需要考生从段落中寻找主题词或词组。然后用这些主题
17、词或词组概括和归纳出段落的中心思想。例一Bats are the only animals that truly fly.These animals use their leathery wings differently from birds.Birds flap their wings up and down,while bats use both their wings and legs,which make them seem as if they are swimming through the air.Even though bats take much longer,strong
18、er strokes than birds,they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second!此段落的主题词是：bats,birds,different,flyThe main idea of this paragraph is that _ Bats are different from birds in flying.例二Joshua Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his
19、graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.此段落的主题词是：study at the university,graduate with honors三.实战演练A/B/C(A)（Monday
20、 is the first work day of the week for most Americans and also the first school day of the week）It is eight oclock on a Monday morning,and it is raining.A cold wind is blowing,and the sky is gray.Men and women are going to work.Some are walking.Some are riding on buses.Some are waiting for buses on
21、windy corners in the rain.Others are driving their cars,or riding in the cars of neighbors and friends.The city streets are full of cars and buses.All are moving slowly,one after another，along the city streets and on the roads between cities and towns.Children are going to school.Some are riding on
22、school buses.Some are riding in their parents cars.Many are walking,and they are not very happy.Life is not beautiful on a rainy Monday morning.1.Its a _ day.A.rainy B.warm C.windy D.Both A and C2.People are going to work _.A.on foot B.by bus C.by car D.all of the above3.A lot of students _.A.dont l
23、ike to walk to school B.like to go to school on footC.dont like to take cars to school D.dont like to take buses to school4.Monday is the _ work day of a weekA.first B.second C.third D.last5.Does the writer enjoy the life on the morning of Monday?A.Yes,he does.B.No,he doesnt.C.Yes,he is.D.No,he isnt
24、.(B)It is nine thirty in the morning.Mr.Green and his students are going out on a picnic.Theyre now in the park.The children are having a good time at the moment.Look,the girls in the beautiful dresses are Su Hai and Su Yang.Theyre singing and dancing.Whos the girl under the big tree?She is Nancy.Sh
25、e is reading a storybook carefully.Where is Mr.Green?He is playing games with Helen and other students.But Liu Tao and David are fishing near the river.Then a park keeper comes up to them.He points to a sign near the river.He says to the boys,Cant you see the sign over there?It says No fishing,pleas
26、e.Liu Tao and David say sorry and leave there quickly.()1.Its_.A.half past ten in the morningB.nine thirty in the eveningC.half past nine in the morningD.half past ten in the evening()2.Mr.Green and his students ate_ A.in the zoo B.at schoolC.in the shop D.in the park()3.The twins(双胞胎)are_ A.watchin
27、g TV B.singing and dancingC.playing games with Mr.GreenD.reading a storybook carefully()4.Nancy is reading_ A.under the tree B.by the windowC.near the river D.on the grass()5.The sign near the river means_ A.you must keep quietB.you cant fish hereC.No parking.D.you cant touch it(C)Sometimes people f
28、eel sleepy.They cant stay interested in what they are doing.That is when they open their mouths wide.We call this a yawn.It makes a pretty silly face.Why do people do it?Scientists do not know much about yawn.But they have some ideas.Our minds get tired,too.A tired mind needs air.So we yawn.The quic
29、k yawn takes in air,and the air wakes up our mind.But not for long.Watch out!Here comes another yawn.1.We yawn with our _.A.nose B.mouth C.ears D.eyes2.This story tells about what people do when they are _ .A.asleep B.eating C.tired D.drinking 3.In the first part of the story.What does the word“silly”mean?A.Funny B.Pretty C.Dark D.Smile 4.People yawn in order to get more _.A.food B.sleep C.air D.water5.You can guess from the story that people do net stop yawn until they _ .A.rest B.read C.get tired D.asleep
