1、高中英语高中英语 高一年级高一年级非谓语动词之动词-ing 形式Learning objectives:After this class,you will be able to know what is v-ing form and how to use it correctly and properly.非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词是指由动词变化而来，具有动词的性质和意义，但不能充当谓语来使用的词。非谓语动词的三种形式：1.过去分词（done）【被动、完成】2.动词不定式（to do）【将来、未完成】3.动词-ing形式（doing）【主动、进行】V-ing form构成规则：规则规则动词
2、原形动词原形现在分词现在分词一般情况直接加-ingclean,look,readcleaning,looking,reading以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e再加ingmake,come,dancemaking,coming,dancing以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再加ingget,swim,begingetting,swimming,beginning少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y,再加inglie,tie,dielying,tying,dying以y 结尾的加ingplay,buy,studyplaying,buying,studyingv-ing for
3、mv-ing形式在句子中不能单独充当谓语，但可以充当以下成分：1.主语(the subject)2.宾语(the object)3.表语(the predicative)4.定语(the attributive)5.宾语补足语(the object complement)6.状语(the adverbial)一.V-ing作主语1.Studying English is of great importance.*v-ing 作主语，谓语动词用单数2.Its no use crying over the spilt milk.*it作形式主语，后紧接否定含义的词时，用 doing来作真正的主语。
4、同类句型：Its no good/useless/a waste of time doing二.V-ing作宾语Please practise speaking English every day.attention：只可接doing而不可接to do 作宾语的动词enjoy/finish/avoid/deny/admit/appreciate/keep/mind/risk/suggest/consider/miss/quit/imagine/dislike/delay/tolerate等practice：I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to av
5、oid _(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018全国三卷)looking三.V-ing作表语1.My job is teaching English.attention：动名词作表语多表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。2.This question is very puzzling.attention：现在分词作表语多具有形容词的性质，一般说明主语的性质、特征等。practice：Climbing mountains was _,so weall felt _.(tire)tiringtired
6、四.V-ing作定语1.I have a sleeping bag.（表示功能或用途）2.Here is a sleeping baby.（表示主动、正在进行）3.The boy calling himself Tom is my friend.attention：如果v-ing是单独的一个词，则作前置定语；如果v-ing是一个短语，则作后置定语。practice：The flowers _(smell)sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.smelling五.V-ing
7、作宾语补足语1.I saw him running along the road.(v-ing 作感官动词的宾语补足语，如watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,smell,listen to等)2.You shouldnt keep him waiting there.(v-ing 作使役动词的宾语补足语，如have,get,make,let,leave,set,send等)3.With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.(v-ing在with复合结构中作宾语补足语)practice：1.I looked up
8、 and noticed a snake _(wind)its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.2.Dont leave the water _(run)while you brush your teeth.3.With spring _ (approach),trees turn green.windingrunningapproaching六.V-ing作状语*功能：V-ing在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、方式、结果或伴随等情况。相当于一个状语从句。六.V-ing作状语1.Hearing the bad
9、news,he cried.(原因/时间状语)2.They came in,talking and laughing.(伴随状语)3.Fill in the blanks using what we have learnt.(方式状语)4.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.(结果状语)Not knowing the way,he stopped to ask directions.*v-ing的否定是直接在前面加not/never等否定词。自然而然的自然而然的六.V-ing作状语*原则：V-ing的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则须用独立
10、主格结构来表示，也就是在v-ing前加上它的逻辑主语。Weather permitting,we will go there on foot.V-ing没有人称和数的变换，没有人称和数的变换，但有时态或语态的变化但有时态或语态的变化.主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态意义意义一般式一般式doingbeing donedo 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生完成式完成式having donehaving been donedo 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前*V-ing的时态和语态：当v-ing的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般（doing）；当v-ing的动作发生在谓
11、语动词的动作之前时，用完成式（having done）。Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.Having been there many times,he offered to be our guide.v-ing的主动式or被动式，取决于该动作与句子主语之间的主被动关系。The question being discussed now is important.Having been criticized by the teacher,he decided to study hard.（同时发生）（同时发生）（先后发生）（先后发
12、生）（一般式的被动）（一般式的被动）（完成式的被动）（完成式的被动）*特殊情况有些v-ing作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。不考虑与句子主语的关系。generally speaking，frankly speaking,taking.into consideration，considering,speaking of,talking of,providing,supposing,judging from.Judging from his pale face,he must be ill.have a try:Read Toms diary and rewrite
13、the underlined sentences usingthe v-ing form as the adverbial.After we had prepared for the journey for several days,we set out.On the way to the railway station,we chatted and laughed and we enjoyed ourselves very much.However,our bus was held by the traffic jam,and thus it caused the delay.To our
14、relief,we caught the train.I sat on the chair,looked out of the window and hoped for a good journey.my answer:Having prepared for the journey for several days,we set out.On the way to the railway station,chatting and laughing we enjoyed ourselves very much.However,our bus was held by the traffic jam,causing the delay.To our relief,we caught the train.I sat on the chair,looking out of the window and hoping for a good journey.Thank youThank you！See youSee you！
