1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Module 5 Cloning .阅读理解 阅读下列短文 ,从每题所给的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四个选项中 ,选出最佳选项。 A (2017 课标全国 ,D) When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell
2、 that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when be
3、ing attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to t
4、he attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer bec
5、ause they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the
6、 cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的 )than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on. 1.What does a plant do when it is
7、 under attack? A.It makes noises. B.It gets help from other plants. C.It stands quietly. D.It sends out certain chemicals. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3? A.The attackers get attacked. B.The insects gather under the table. C.The plants get ready to
8、fight back. D.The perfumes attract natural enemies. 3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can . A.predict natural disasters B.protect themselves against insects C.talk to one another intentionally D.help their neighbors when necessary 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.The wor
9、ld is changing faster than ever. B.People have stronger senses than before. C.The world is more complex than it seems. D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative. B (2017 福建泉州一中模拟 ,C) “De -extinction”,the idea that extinct( 绝种的 )animals can be brought back through cloning or genetic(基因的 )enginee
10、ring,has attracted the interest of a small group of scientists.The topic has made the cover of National Geographic Magazine.Supporters say they are doing it for moral reasons,because we“miss”the extinct animals.They blame human exploitation (such as trapping,hunting,habitat destruction) of the extin
11、ct animals,but their plans,though they sound exciting,are exploitation in another form. Considering the imperfect science of cloning,de-extinction would cause animals suffering.Most animals born in such experiments would suffer serious diseases,dying soon after birth or having a shortened lifetime.S
12、panish and French scientists worked for years to bring the Pyrenean ibex,a species of wild goat,back from extinction by cloning.In 2009,they succeeded only in producing a sick baby goat that died 10 minutes after birth.For these animals to be born,other animals would live in captivity,in a lab or el
13、sewhere,and serve as mother substitutes(代用品 ),routinely having operations as part of the cloning process.For 【 精品教育资源文库 】 example,elephants would be kept in captivity to carry woolly mammoth(猛犸 )babies for nearly two years.Such experiments often lead to other animals unhappiness as well. If extinct
14、 animals are successfully brought back,where would they go?Their original habitats have developed and changed without them.They are unlikely to survive in the natural environment,but,if they do manage to survive,they will affect their environment in unpredictable ways,presenting a new threat to the
15、ecological system.If the animals born through de-extinction are stuck in zoos and museums instead,what good is that?It is exploitation,not a solution. It would be better to apply creative thinking about protection to the real-life problems of todays world.De -extinction takes attention away from the
16、 difficult situation of endangered animals.Discussions about woolly mammoth cloning do nothing to stop the illegal killings of endangered wild African elephants.Money would be better used to prevent human conflict with wildlife and their ecosystems. Lets keep de -extinction in the world of science f
17、iction,learn from our failed past,and protect wild animals and their habitats for the future. 5.The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 1 refers to“ ”. A.de-extinction B.cloning or genetic engineering C.exploitation D.National Geographic Magazine 6.In Paragraph 2, examples are given to show that . A.mod
18、ern elephants are related to woolly mammoth B.scientists should improve the cloning process C.de-extinction does harm to some animals D.its possible to bring back extinct animals 7.What might happen if extinct animals come back to the wild? A.The problem of extinction will be solved. B.They will liv
19、e in their original habitats. C.The balance of nature may be disturbed. D.More endangered animals will be saved. 8.According to Paragraph 4,de-extinction may . A.prevent the illegal killings of African elephants 【 精品教育资源文库 】 B.make people care less about endangered animals C.prevent the conflict be
20、tween humans and animals D.raise public awareness of protecting animals 9.Whats the authors attitude towards “de -extinction”? A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful. C.Supportive. D.Uncertain. .语法填空 阅读下面短文 ,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan
21、, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characte
22、rs. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3 (create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use) twigs(树枝 )to remove it. Over time, 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pi
23、eces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives wou
24、ld remind people of killings and 9 (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10 their hands. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 答案精解精析 .阅读理解 A 语篇解读 本文为说明文。研究发现 ,当植物受到攻击时 ,它们不会坐以 待毙 ,而是会释放出某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警信号 ,也可能是自我保护的一种方式。 1.D 事实细节题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知 ,当其受到攻击时 ,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为 VOCs 的化学物质 ,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应 ,故 D 项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音 ,故排除 A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的预警 ,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助 ,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除 C
