1、宾语从句宾语从句-什么是宾语从句？什么是宾语从句？试比较：试比较：We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是用一个句子来充当宾语宾语从句就是用一个句子来充当宾语。主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句-宾语从句分为三类：宾语从句分为三类：(1)that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句I hope(that)it will snow this winter.(2)whether/if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 Im not sure if he will come.(3)疑问词引
2、导的宾语从句疑问词引导的宾语从句I want to know what he will do next.-例如：例如：I hope(that)it will snow this winter.Betty thinks(that)trees can improve the air.I know(that)he is friendly.注：注：that没有任何词汇含义，只有语法功没有任何词汇含义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下从句。多数情况下that可以省略。可以省略。当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望、相信、知道、说”时，(如：
3、say,think,believe,expect,hope,wish，know，see,feel,remember,forget等）其后面的句子一般用that引导。（一）引导词（一）引导词-宾语从句的语序应为宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序陈述句的语序。例如：例如：I hear(that)physics isnt easy.I think(that)you will like this school soon.-1.当当主句主句是是一般现在时一般现在时时，时，宾语从句宾语从句可可根据实际情况而使用不同的时态根据实际情况而使用不同的时态。2.2.当当主句主句的谓语动词是的谓语动词是过去时态过去时态
4、时时,宾语宾语从句从句通常也通常也要用要用过去的某种时态过去的某种时态。（一般过去时，过去进行。（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour ago.he is interested in English.she will come tomorrow.Tom has been to London twice.-He will go to Hong Kong.He is sick.He is reading a book.He has finished his work.He said（th
5、at）he had finished his work.he would go to Hong Kong.he was sick.he was reading a book.-3.3.当宾语当宾语从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句等象、名言警句等时，宾语时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，态的限制，仍用仍用一般现在时一般现在时。He told me the earth around the sun.（move）movesSummer is after Spring.He told me(that)the sun rises i
6、n the east.The teacher told us(that)-宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat(陈述句陈述句)ififwhetherwhether(一般疑问句一般疑问句)特殊疑问词特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序陈述句语序客观真理时态不变客观真理时态不变-否定转移否定转移当宾语从句表示否定意义时，且主句主语为第一人
7、称且当宾语从句表示否定意义时，且主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imaginethink/believe/suppose/imagine等时，等时，一般将否定词一般将否定词notnot转移到主句的谓语中转移到主句的谓语中,这就叫做这就叫做“否定否定转移转移”。误：误：I think he wont come.我认为他不会来。我认为他不会来。正：正：I dont think he will come.注意：上述情况变成反意义疑问句时，附加问句要看从注意：上述情况变成反意义疑问句时，附加问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加问句要看主句
8、，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加问句要看主句。试比较：句。试比较：I think he is wrong,isnt he?He thinks he is wrong,dont he？-Complete the sentences.（1）Sally said,“Its very quiet!”Sally said _.（2）Sally said,“No one is shouting.”Sally said _.（3）Lingling said,“The air is very clear today.”Lingling said _.that no one was shoutingthat
9、 the air was very clear that daythat it was very quiet-宾语从句的否定转移宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose，expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.-主句的谓语动同主句的谓语动同 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,gues
10、s等，并等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般从句的否定词一般 要转移到主句上来，其反要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,wont she/he?We suppose you have finished the project,havent you?-如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的词如
11、果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?-当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help,doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project,didnt you?They dont believe she
12、s an engineer,do they?She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon,does she?-宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。-(4)Daming said,“Everyone is cheering
13、now.”Daming said _.that everyone was cheering then(5)Tony said,“Its very noisy here!”Tony said _.that it was very noisy there-宾语从句的时态受主句的限制宾语从句的时态受主句的限制 1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情情况而况而定。定。2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前则从句时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前则从句要用过去完成时态。要用过去完成时态。例例:1)
14、She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.-3)She says that she has finished her homework already:She said that she had finished her homework already:如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或亊如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或亊实时，这时宾语从句要用一般实时，这时宾语从句要用一般 现在时态。现在时态。例：例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that light travels faster than sound.-
