1、磁光晶体、双折射晶体的应用蔡蔡 志志 岗岗光电材料与技术国家重点实验室中山大学激光与光谱学研究所1/2/202311/2/202321/2/20233并转动了一个角度1/2/20234In going through a slab of magnetic material,a linearly-polarized beam of light with its E-field along the X-axis acquires a component of polarization along Y.The lines of B-field shown within the medium repr
2、esent either an externally-applied magnetic field or the intrinsic magnetization of the medium.1/2/20235The effect is also observed at oblique incidence.Shown here is a p-polarized incident beam,which acquires a s-component upon transmission through the magnetic medium.(If the incident beam were s-p
3、olarized,the magneto-optically induced polarization would have been in the p-direction.)In general,upon reversing the B-field from+Z to Z direction,the magneto-optically induced component of polarization changes sign.1/2/20236The 20mm-thick slab(e=5.5,e=0.01i)is magnetized along the Z-axis.1/2/20237
4、The 20mm-thick slab(e=5.5,e=0.01i)is magnetized along the Z-axis.1/2/20238The 20mm-thick slab(e=5.5,e=0.01i)is magnetized along the Z-axis.1/2/20239The 20mm-thick slab(e=5.5,e=0.01i)is magnetized along the Z-axis.1/2/202310(NA=0.8)1/2/202311X-polarized component Y-polarized component qF is-23(black)
5、to+63(white)hF is-32(black)to+42(white).1/2/202312eyzexz1/2/202313exzIn the longitudinal case at normal incidence no polarization rotation occurs,but the effect begins to show up with an increasing angle of incidence.1/2/202314The transverse effect is very different from both polar and longitudinal
6、effects.With s-polarized incident light,where the optical E-field is parallel to the direction of the B-field in the slab,there is no MO effect whatsoever,but for p-polarized light the medium exhibits an effective refractive index n=e+(e2/e).Thus in the transverse case neither s-nor p-polarized beam
7、s undergo polarization rotation,but the magnitude of the transmitted p-light shows a weak dependence on magnetization,that is,Tp=|tp|2 becomes a function of the strength of the B-field.qB=66.91/2/2023151.测量磁场的分布2.测量电流磁场强度的关系3.分别测量两个偏振的光强4.测量偏振面的旋转与椭偏度1/2/2023161/2/2023171/2/2023181/2/202319Flux-dens
8、ity distribution between the pole pieces for different coil currents.1/2/202320Mean flux density between the pole pieces as a function of the coil current.1/2/2023211/2/2023221/2/2023231/2/2023241/2/2023251/2/2023261/2/202327 A number of different materials have been applied as indicators in MO imag
9、ing:cerous nitrate-glycerol,various europium compounds(EuS,EuSe)H.Kirchner,Phys.Lett.26A,651(1968)and bismuth-substituted iron garnets A.A.Polyanskii et al.Sov.Tech.Phys.Lett.15,872(1989).Today,the most popular indicator is the ferri-magnetic Bi:YIG film with in-plane spontaneous magnetization.Appli
10、cation of a perpendicular magnetic field creates an out-of-plane component of the magnetization responsible for the Faraday rotation.A single-crystal film with typical thickness of a few microns can be grown by liquid-phase epitaxy on a gadolinium-gallium-garnet(GGG)substrate.1/2/202328V()in degree/
11、T.mV()in radians/T.mColor filter =440 nm2857 49.8 Color filter =505 nm1825 31.8 Color filter =525 nm1647 28.7 Color filter =580 nm1428 24.9 Color filter 595 nm1210 21.1 222)(1)()(oBAnnV对于普通的A-TYPE而言，对于1550nm的光，旋转45度所要求的厚度为360微米，所要求的饱和磁场强度为1000oe(奥斯特）。1/2/2023291/2/2023301/2/202331The MO indicator is
12、 placed in the light beam path between a polarizer and an analyzer crossed by 90 degrees.If a magnetic field is present perpendicularly to the film,the magnetization of the Bi:YIG will be tilted out of the plane.The perpendicular component of the magnetization will cause a Faraday rotation of the li
13、ght.The rotation angle will be small where the magnetic field is small,and large in regions of high fields.After leaving the analyzer the light will therefore have an intensity distribution that reflects the magnitude of the field in the plane of the indicator film.1/2/2023321.spatial resolution 1 m
14、icron,2.field resolution 1 Gauss 3.temporal resolution 10 ms.1/2/2023331/2/2023341/2/2023351/2/2023361/2/2023371/2/202338 t Compared to Calcite,YVO4 has better temperature stability and physical and mechnical properties.Calcite is hard to obtain high optical quality because of its low susceptibility
15、 to moisture and low hardness.t Compared to Rutile(TiO2)which exhibits too high hardness,YVO4 is easier to be handled for optical surface processing that greatly reduces cost of fabrication,especially for batch production.t Compared to LiNbO3,although they have similar mechanical and physical proper
16、ties,YVO4 has more than three times larger birefringence,that makes your design more compact.1/2/202339Transparency Rangehigh transmittance from 0.4 to 5mm Transparency Curve of YVO4(Thickness=1mm)Crystal SymmetryZircon Tetragonal,space group D4hCrystal Cella=b=7.12Åc=6.29 Density:4.22 g/cm3Hy
17、groscopic Susceptibility:Non-hygroscopicThermal Expansion Coefficient aa=4.43 x 10-6/K;ac=11.37 x 10-6/KThermal Conductivity Coefficient&ium;&ium;C:5.23 W/m/K;C:5.10 W/m/KCrystal Class:Positive uniaxial with no=na=nb,ne=ncRefractive Indices,Birefringence(D Dn=ne-no)and Walk-off Angle at 45(r r):no=1
18、.9929,ne=2.2154,Dn=0.2225,r=6.04º:at 0.63 mmno=1.9500,ne=2.1554,Dn=0.2054,r=5.72º:at 1.30 mmno=1.9447,ne=2.1486,Dn=0.2039,r=5.69º:at 1.55 mmSellmeier Equation(in m mm):no2=3.77834+0.069736/(2-0.04724)-0.01081332no2=4.59905+0.110534/(2-0.04813)-0.01226762Thermal Optical Coefficient:dna/dT
19、=8.5x10-6/K;dnc/dT=3.0 x10-6/K1/2/2023401/2/2023411/2/202342Wavelength Range:190-3500nm(a-BBO),350-2300nm(Calcite),450-5000nm(YVO4)Surface Quality:20-10 scratch and dig Dimensions Tolerance:0.1 mm Beam Deviation:3 arc minutesCoating:Single layer MgF2 on Input and output surface Housing:Black Anodize
20、d Aluminum1/2/202343Wavelength Range:190-3500nm(a-BBO),350-2300nm(Calcite),Surface Quality:20-10 Scratch and Dig Dimensions Tolerance:0.1 mm Beam Deviation:3 arc minutesTransmission Wavefront Distortion:/4 632.8nm for a-BBO1GW/cm2 at 1064nm for a-BBOHousing:Black Anodized Aluminum1/2/202344Material:
21、CalciteWavelength Range:350-2300nmSurface Quality:60-40 scratch and dig Dimensions Tolerance:0.1 mm Beam Deviation:3 arc minutesCoating:Single layer MgF2AR Coating 633nmHousing:Black Anodized Aluminum1/2/202345Material:CalciteWavelength Range:350-2300nmSurface Quality:60-40 scratch and dig Dimension
22、s Tolerance:0.1 mm Coating:Single layer MgF2 AR Coating 633nmHousing:Black Anodized Aluminum1/2/202346Material:a-BBOWavelength Range:190-3500nm Extinction Ratio:10-6Parallelism:1 Surface Quality:20-10 Scratch and Dig Transmission Wavefront Distortion:500MW/cm2 at 1064nm1/2/202347Material:BK7 Grade A
23、 Optical Glass Dimension Tolerance:0.2mm Surface Quality:60-40 scratch and dig Beam Deviation:3 arc minutes Extinction Ratio:100:1Principal Transmittance:Tp 99%and Ts 95%and Rp 5%Coatings:Polarization beamsplitter coating:on hypotenuse AR coating:R 0.25%per face for 4 faces1/2/202348Material:BK7 Gra
24、de A Optical GlassDimension Tolerance:0.2mm Flatness:/4 632.8 nm Surface Quality:60/40 scratch and dig T/R:50/50 5%for natrual lightT=(Ts+Tp)/2,R=(Rs+Rp)/2Beam Deviation:3 arc minutesCoatings:Single wavelength partial reflectance:on hypotenuse face V AR-coatings:on all input and output face1/2/20234
25、91/2/202350Material:BK7 Grade A Optical Glass Dimension Tolerance:0.2mm Surface Quality:60-40 scratch and dig Beam Deviation:3 arc minutes Principal Transmittance:Tp=Ts=50%5%Principal Reflectance:Rs=Rp=50%5%Coatings:Non-Polarization beamsplitter coating:on hypotenuse AR coating:R 99%and Ts 95%and Rp
26、 5%Coating:BBAR coating:on all input and output face Broadband polarization beamsplitter coating:on hypotenuse1/2/202354Material:BK7 Grade A Optical GlassDimension Tolerance:0.2mm Flatness:/4 632.8 nm Surface Quality:60/40 scratch and dig T/R:50/505%T=(Ts+Tp)/2,R=(Rs+Rp)/2Beam Deviation:3 arc minute
27、sCoatings:Broadband partial reflectance:on hypotenuse face BBAR-coatings:on all input and output face1/2/202355Material:BK7 Grade A Optical Glass Dimension Tolerance:0.2mm Surface Quality:60-40 scratch and dig Beam Deviation:3 arc minutes Principal Transmittance:Tp=Ts=45%5%Principal Reflectance:Rs=R
28、p=45%5%Coatings:BBAR coating:on all input and output faceBroadband Non-polarization beamsplitter coating on hypotenuse1/2/2023561/2/2023571/2/2023581/2/2023591/2/2023601/2/202361楔形双折射晶体偏振分束器楔形双折射晶体偏振分束器1/2/202362偏振无关型光隔离器Wedge型偏振无关型光隔离器结构型偏振无关型光隔离器结构1/2/202363偏振无关型光隔离器结构二偏振无关型光隔离器结构二1/2/202364偏振无关型光
29、隔离器结构三偏振无关型光隔离器结构三1/2/202365Specifications MaterialYVO4,LiNbO3 CrystalAperture1.01.0 mm2 to 2.02.0 mm2Dimension Tolerance0.03mmWedge Angle Tolerance0.1Optical Axis Orientation0.1Flatness/4632.8nmSurface Quality10/5AR CoatingR0.2%at specified Wavelength1/2/202366CrystalXYZARYVO4XS=0.5mm2229.50/901400
30、1500nmYVO4XL=0.89mm1.41.411.330/9014201495nmYVO4XS=0.5mm2.02.0545155040nmYVO4XL=0.5mm1.82.0452.515201580nmYVO4XL=0.4mm1.261.2680/4515001600nmYVO4XL+XS=2mm2.02.09.745157050nmYVO4XL+XS=2mm2.02.018.145157050nmLiNbO3XL=05mm1.251.251322.51550nm1/2/202367http:/ Uniphase的全资子公司，是一家专业从事晶体材料、精密光学器件及光通信器件研发、生产
31、和销售的高科技企业。公司的产品涉及激光、光通信、光显示等多个领域，造就了晶体、光学、光通信器件三大核心技术体系，形成了激光、光学器件、DVD/CD光学、显示光学器件等系列产品。1/2/2023681/2/2023691/2/2023701/2/2023711/2/2023721/2/2023731/2/202374Specifications Dimension Tolerance0.05mmOptical Axis Orientation0.1Parallelism15Perpendicularity10Flatmess/4632.8nmSurface Quality10/5AR Coati
32、ngR0.25%at specified wavelength1/2/202375CrystalSizeARYVO4227mm450157050nmYVO4447.5mm 4545155040nmYVO4111mm45015651610nm1/2/2023761/2/202377 光环行器是一种三端口的非互易磁性器件，在光网络中用于信号的上、下载。123光环行器原理和结构示意图光环行器原理和结构示意图反射棱镜反射棱镜1/2/2023781/2/2023791/2/202380TiO21/2/202381ABdABAoAeq1/2/202382qq/)(2cossin11dnnAAAAoeeoD
33、ABAoAeq1/2/202383)2/(sin2sin/)(2cossinsinsincoscos222111DDDqqqqqqqAIdnnAAAAAAoeeeooABAoAeq1/2/202384)2/(sin2sin1(/)(2coscoscossinsinsin222111DDDqqqqqqqAIdnnAAAAAAIIoeIIeeIIooIIABAoAeq1/2/202385/)(2)2/(sin1()2/(sin221221dnnAIAIoeIIDDDABAoAe2121,0,20,)12(AIthenImWhenIAthenImWhenIIIIDD奇偶q1/2/202386 The spacing between neighbor peak of I and III is:The peak spacings in frequency of both I and III are the same as:dnncfoe)(2Ddnncffoe)(2DD1/2/202387dmmdoutputGHzinputGHzmmdoutputGHzinputGHz72.14,1005036.7,2001002m2m+1q45o1/2/202388TiO2d1/2/2023891/2/2023901/2/202391
