1、专题九定语从句,考向分析定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,是三大从句中考查最频繁的从句,在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中均有涉及,考查的重点是that,which,who,whose,when,where等关系词的用法。,考点清单一、关系代词引导的定语从句单句填空1.The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案that/which句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。本题考查定语从句。题干中,The l
2、ittle problems是先行词,且指物, we meet in our daily lives是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,因此用that/which引导定语从句。,语境运用,2.My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.答案whose句意:我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作让他走遍世界各地。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词son,设空处在句中作定语修饰work,所以要用关系代词whose。3.The number of smokers, as is reported,
3、has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.答案as句意:正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填as。as is reported正如报道的那样。,4.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.答案that句意:请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所有信息发给我们。在本句中,先行词information被all修饰,所
4、以只能填关系代词that,而不填which。5.If the earth is poisoned, the water, the food and the animals will be poi-soned, which means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too.答案which句意:如果土地被污染了,水、食物和动物就会被污染,这意味着将土地污染了的我们也将被污染。先行词为设空处前的内容,先行词在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。,6.(2017课标全国)But Sarah, who has taken p
5、art in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.答案who两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。单句改错7.(2017课标全国)In their spare time, they are interested in planting veg-etables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. thatwhich 答案thatwhich逗号之后是
6、非限制性定语从句,先行词为garden,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which而不能用that引导非限制性定语从句。,1.关系代词that与which的用法辨析只用that的情况:(1)先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词;(2)先行词被all, any, every, no, little(少), much, some等词修饰;(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;(4)先行词被the only, the very(正好、恰好), the last修饰;(5)先行
7、词中既有人也有物;,用法精讲,(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;(7)先行词是the way， 并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。This is the very film that I want to see.这正是一部我想看的影片。The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well known now.你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。先行词指物时,只用which的情况:(1)引导非限制性定语从句;(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且
8、介词位于关系代词之前;The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.,世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的童年。The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disap-pointing.结果与当初他们预料的不一样,这让人觉得很失望。2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别,She marri
9、ed again, which was unexpected.她再婚了,这是始料不及的。She married again, as we expected.正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。3.其他关系代词的用法辨析,Each graduate standing in the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,由校长给他们颁发文凭。My daughter, whose job requires her to do
10、 a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。,二、关系副词引导的定语从句单句填空1.(2016课标全国)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV re-porter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from star-vation in
11、the wild.答案when逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,先行词指时间,且关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导定语从句。,语境运用,2.(2015广东)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.答案where地点名词market为先行词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。 3.The reason why any of us take a
12、ny risks at all might have to do with early humans.答案why空前的reason为先行词,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用关系副词why引导定语从句。,4.Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.答案wherepoint为先行词,关系词在从句中作状语,故用where引导定语从句。【知识拓展】当先行词是activity,situati
13、on,point,case,stage,scene等抽象名词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,应用where作为定语从句的引导词。单句改错 5.In my opinion,Beijing is the most beautiful city, which I spent my last summer holiday. whichwhere 答案whichwhere先行词指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故which错误,应改为where。,三个关系副词引导的定语从句,用法精讲,It has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for m
14、usic,where some have stood out among them.它为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台,在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。,三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句单句填空1.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 答案which句意: 就
15、人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories,将先行词代入定语从句后可知关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为which。,语境运用,2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose pur-poses is to relieve worldwide starvation.答案whose句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,这个组织的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the World Food Programme,与定语从句中
16、的purposes是所属关系,即the World Food Programmes purposes,故填whose。3.Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for re-mote regions to chase their dreams. 答案whom句意:很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young people,指人,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故答案为whom。,单句改错4.Alice asked the policeman
17、with she worked to contact her whenever there was an accident. with后加whom 答案with后加whom先行词为policeman,指人,关系词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,故应用whom作为定语从句的引导词。,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的两个考查点1.考查该结构中关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构,whose指人、物皆可。With the fast development of agricultu
18、re, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.随着农业的快速发展,在她10年前教书的村子里,人们一直过着幸福的生活。,用法精讲,本文档仅为全套资料之一，欢迎点击下方按钮链接，下载全套资料！,请点此到下载本文全套资料,2.考查该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:先行词的意义;从句中动词的固定搭配;句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”时,介词常用of。常见结构:在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom。“the+比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.孩子们玩了一整天,都累坏了。,四、分隔式定语从句单句填空1.(2015四川)The books on the desk, whose covers are s
