1、為甚麼要學拼音開始？為甚麼要學拼音開始？學哪一種英語拼音方法？學哪一種英語拼音方法？例如：例如：IPA,Phonics用哪一套模式用哪一套模式學英語拼音？學英語拼音？例如：例如：Jolly Phonics,ABC Pathway教英語拼音的常見毛病教英語拼音的常見毛病?教咗但教不識的原因 只教sound recognition，不教blending e.g./a/,/m/,/p/m/ap/,/ma/p/,/m/a/p/教英語拼音的常見毛病教英語拼音的常見毛病?教咗但教不識的原因 只教較簡單的a-z，不懂複合韻母 e.g.a-z 只包涵short vowel a,e,i,o,u,及子音 sing
2、le Consonants:b,d,f,g,m.複合韻母例子：ea,ee,ai,oi,igh,oa教英語拼音的常見毛病教英語拼音的常見毛病?教咗但教不識的原因 只順序教a-z，沒有系統及層次教授及練習 只要求學生背誦，缺乏訓練聽力分辨能力 多由教師示範拼讀生字，少讓學生分析如何拼讀新字教英語拼音的常見毛病教英語拼音的常見毛病?教咗但教不識的原因 缺少重温，未能與新學的字音合拼練習 操練方式沉悶，欠多樣化 只重視默串，未能配合閱讀 默串生字未能配合拼音所學教英語拼音的常見毛病教英語拼音的常見毛病?教咗但教不識的原因 拼讀新字時，未能圖字並茂地建立學生的字庫 重反覆操練(drilling)，輕視趣
3、味和建立學生成功感 拼讀訓練不足，未能發展自動化的拼讀能力怎樣教英語拼音怎樣教英語拼音?What is Phonics？A way of teaching reading and spelling that stresses symbol-sound relationshipIt is the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between the letters(graphemes)of written language and the individual sounds(phonemes)of spoken la
4、nguagePhoneme to Grapheme Relationships/:/birdnurse/i:/tea,bearOne-to-many relations Many-to-one relations/d/d/b/bOne-to-one relationsPhonemeGrapheme/paindayPurposes of Phonics Instruction Establishes grapheme-phoneme relationships and the use of graphophonics cues in reading.This is termed the alph
5、abetic principle.Develops word recognition based on their visual and orthographic features.This process is called decoding.Aids in building reading fluency and automaticity.English Phonics Consonants:b,d,f,g,h,j,k,ck,l,m.Vowels:a,e,i,o,u,ea,oa,igh,ie,oo Consonant blends and digraphs:dr,st,pl Long vo
6、wels:ea,oa,igh,ie,ite,ate,ube short vowels:a,e,i,o,u R-controlled vowels:ir,ar,or,er,ur Vowel digraphs:ee,oe,ai,ay Diphthongs:ou,oi,oyEnglish Syllable Patterns Closed:Short vowel ending with consonant e.g.bat,tip,pot,bus,beg.Open:Long vowel,no consonant ending e.g.go,we,he,no.Vowel Digraph:vowel spe
7、lled with 2+letters e.g.ea,ee,ai,ay,ie,oa,ui,ue C-le at the ends of words e.g.cycle,apple,able.English Syllable Patterns R-controlled vowel e.g.ar,er,ir,ur,or(al,au,aw)Vowel-consonant-e long vowel pattern VCe:magic e/silent e e.g.ate,ame,ite,ote,ube,use,epe Step-by step Sequential Skills Development
8、 in Phonics1.Sound Recognition2.Blending skills Development3.Phonemic manipulation skills e.g.addition,deletion,segmentation4.Basic Syllable Rules e.g.word chunking skill5.Acquisition of Phonics Rules 6.Apply in Context e.g.Spelling and ReadingSound recognitionhttp:/ short vowels that we use!A vowel
9、 is in every word,every word,every word.A vowel is in every word that we read or write./ai/,/ee/,/ie/,/oa/,/ue/./ai/,/ee/,/ie/,/oa/,/ue/./ai/,/ee/,/ie/,/oa/,/ue/,are long vowels that we use!aiaya-eeeeaie i-e igh yoao-eowueu-eewPhonics Sequence1.Single consonants 2.Short vowels -ab-ib-ob-ed-ub -ad-id
10、-od-eg-ug -ag-ig-og-en-um -am-in-op-et-un -an-ip-ot -ap -it -at Then generate three-letter words;for example,-ab:cab,dab,gab,jab,lab,nab,tab.b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,ck,l,m,n,p,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z,quPhonics Sequence3.Beginning blends l blends r blends s blends 3-letter blends bl-br-sc-scr-cl-cr-sk-spl-fl-dr-sm-s
11、pr-gl-fr-sn-squ-pl-gr-sp-str-sl-pr-st-tr-sw-Use the beginning blends below with the list of word families above to generate four-and five-letter words;for example,-ap:clap,flap,slap,snap,trap,scrap,strap Phonics Sequence4.End blends L blends N blends T blends Others -all -and*-ant-ass -alm-ang*-art-
12、amp*-ill*-ank*-ast-iss -old*-ing*-ift*-oss -oll*-ink*-irt-omp -ell-int-ist-ess*-elp*-ond*-ort-ump*-ull-ong-ost-end*-eft -end-elt -ung*-est*-unk*-ust*Mix beginning consonants and beginning blends with the end-blend word families below to generate four-and five-letter words;for example,-and:band,hand,
13、land,sand,bland,gland,brand,grand,strand.Phonics Sequence5.Beginning and end digraphs Mix beginning consonants,beginning blends,and beginning digraphs with the word families below to generate four-to six-letter words;for example,-ash:bash,cash,dash,gash,hash,lash,mash,rash,clash,slash,brash,crash,tr
14、ash,smash,stash,splash.(Note that when ch follows a short vowel,a t or r is added before it.)-ash-ish-osh-esh-ush -ath-ith-otch-etch-utch -atch -itch-oth-erch-urch -arch-irth-orch Phonics Sequence6.Long vowels with silent e Mix beginning consonants,beginning blends,and beginning digraphs with the wo
15、rd families below to generate four-to six-letter words;for example,-ade:fade,jade,made,wade,blade,glade,grade,spade,shade -ace-ice-ode -ade-ide-oke -age-ife-ole -ake-ile-one -ale-ine-ope -ame-ite-ote -ape-ive -ate Phonics Sequence7.Long vowels in two-vowel combinations Mix beginning consonants,begin
16、ning blends,and beginning digraphs with the word families below to generate four-to six-letter words;for example,-eek:leek,meek,peek,reek,seek,week,sleek,creek,cheek long a long e long e long o -aid-each-eed-oach -ail -ead-eek-oad -ain-eak -eel-oam -ait-eam-eem-oan -ay-ean -eep-oat -eat -eet Phonics
17、 Sequence8.Miscellaneous vowel combinations Mix beginning consonants,beginning blends,and beginning digraphs with the word families below to generate four-to six-letter words;for example,-ook:book,cook,hook,look,nook,took,brook,crook,shook -oil-ook-ound -oin-oom-our -oint-oon-ouse -oist-oop-out -oot
18、 Phonics Sequence9.Vowels controlled by r,l,and w Mix beginning consonants,beginning blends,and beginning digraphs with the word families below to generate four-and five-letter words;for example,-ark:bark,dark,hark,lark,mark,park,spark,shark.-ar -ird-ald-aw -ard-irt-alk-awn -arm -or-eld-ew -arn -ord
19、-elt-ow -art-ork-ild -own -er-orn-old -ern -ir-ur Scheme of P.1 PhonicsShort Vowelsshort a,short e,short i,short o,short uTotal:47 Lessonsper school yearConsonantsb,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,ck,l,m,n,p,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z,quWord Familiesat,am,ap,an,ank,ad,amp,ack,and,ang,in,it,ip,ig,id,ib,im,ick,ink,ill,ing,int,ot,
20、og,op,ock,od,ob,ox,ost,ong,et,en,ent,ed,eg,est,end,elt,ell,um,ump,ut,ud,ug,ub,ust,uck,ung,upScheme of P.2 PhonicsBlendsS-Blends,R-Blends,L-blendssp,st,sl,sm,fl,bl,cl,tr,gr,cr,etcTotal:30 Lessonsper school yearLong VowelsLong a,Long e,Long i,Long o,Long uR-Controlled Vowelsor,ur,ir,erVowel Digraphsai
21、,ay,ea,oa,ie,ue,ee,oe Consonant Digraphssh,ch,th,Diphthongsoi,oy,ou,ow,al,au,aw,oo,ew,othersigh,y,Five Basic types of phonological awareness tasksThe ability to hear rhymes and alliterationThe ability to do oddity tasksThe ability to orally blend wordsThe ability to orally segment words The ability
22、to do phonemic manipulation tasks(Reference:Explicit Systematic Phonics)The ability to hear rhymes and alliterationa.rhyme Example:I once saw a cat,sitting next to a dog.I once saw a bat,sitting next to a frog.b.alliteration Example:Six snakes sell sodas and snacks.c.assonance Example:The leaf,the b
23、ean,the peach-all were within reach.(Reference:Explicit Systematic Phonics)The ability to do oddity tasksa.rhyme Example:Which word does not rhyme:cat,sat,pig?b.beginning consonants Example:Which two words begin with the same sound:man,sat,sick?c.ending consonants Example:Which two words end with th
24、e same sound:man,sat,ten?(Reference:Explicit Systematic Phonics)The ability to do oddity tasksd.medial sounds(long vowels)Example:Which word does not have the same middle sound:take,late,feete.medial sounds(short vowels)Example:Which two words have the same middle sound:top,cat,pan?f.medial consonan
25、ts Example:Which two words have the same middle sound:kitten,missing,lesson?The ability to orally blend wordsa.syllables Example:Listen to these word parts.Say the word as a whole.table-Whats the word?b.onset/rime Example:Listen to these word parts.Say the word as a whole./p/an-Whats the word?c.phon
26、eme by phoneme Example:Listen to these word parts.Say the word as a whole./s/a/t/-Whats the word?The ability to orally segment wordsa.syllables Example:Listen to this word.table,Say it syllables by syllables.(table)b.onset/rime Example:Listen to this word.pan,Say the first sound in the word (the ons
27、et)and then the rest of the word(the rime).(/p/an)c.phoneme by phoneme(counting sounds)Example:Listen to the word.Say the word sound by sound.(/s/a/t/)How many sounds do you hear?The ability to do phonemic manipulation tasksa.Initial sound substitution Example:replace the first sound in mat with/s/.
28、(sat)b.final sound substitution Example:replace the last sound in mat with/p/.(map)c.vowel substitution Example:replace the middle sound in map with/o/.(mop)d.syllable deletion Example:Say baker without the ba.(ker)The ability to do phonemic manipulation taskse.Initial sound deletion Example:Say sun
29、 without the/s/.(un)f.final sound deletion Example:Say hit without the/t/.(hi)g.Initial phoneme in a blend deletion Example:Say step without the/s/.(tep)h.final phoneme in a blend deletion Example:Say best without the/t/.(bes)i.second phoneme in a blend deletion Example:Say frog without the/r/.(fog)
30、Phonics Rules1.Sometimes the rules dont work.2.Every syllable in every word must have a vowel.3.C followed by e,i or y usually has the soft sound of s.Examples:cyst,central,and city.4.G followed by e,i or y usually has the soft sound of j.Example:gem,gym,and gist.5.When 2 consonants a joined togethe
31、r and form one new sound,they are a consonant digraph.They count as one sound and one letter and are never separated.Examples:ch,sh,th,ph and wh.6.When a syllable ends in a consonant and has only one vowel,that vowel is short.Examples:fat,bed,fish,spot,luck.Phonics Rules7.When a syllable ends in a s
32、ilent e,the silent e is a signal that the vowel in front of it is long.Examples:make,gene,kite,rope,and use.8.When a syllable has 2 vowels together,the first vowel is usually long and the second is silent.Examples:pain,eat,boat,res/cue,say,grow.NOTE:Diphthongs dont follow this rule;In a diphthong,th
33、e vowels blend together to create a single new sound.The diphthongs are:oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw,oo and many others.Phonics Rules9.When a syllable ends in any vowel and is the only vowel,that vowel is usually long.Examples:pa/per,me,I,o/pen,u/nit,and my.10.When a vowel is followed by an r in the same sylla
34、ble,that vowel is r-controlled.It is not long nor short.R-controlled er,ir,and ur often sound the same(like er).Examples:term,sir,fir,fur,far,for,su/gar,or/der.aeiouyrwlMagic eaaiauayarawala-eeeagreatlong aheadEeeeiveillong atheirEeoLeoioleopardEeueyheylong aValleyshort ierewscrewLong usewlong oiief
35、ieldlong efriendEighyiri-eooaoeoioofoodlong ubookUousouplong utouchshort uoyorowtownaUo-euueuibuildshort iuru-eThe principles of giving phonemic awareness instructionSystematic&Explicit PhonicsStep-by step Sequential Teaching GuideFun and Easy-to-Learn PhonicsMulti-sensory teaching approach in Phoni
36、csParental involvement and support(Reference:http:/)Step-by step Sequential Teaching RevisionBlendingSound RecognitionHigh-Frequency or Tricky wordsteachingPaired-work Practicerhymingletter sounds revision(action)distinguish individual sounds(listening)multi-sensory teaching approach e.g.songs,rhyme
37、s,poems,actions,big books,miming or tactile games,etc.spelling/dictation onset and rime,medial sounds,whole word(within 3-5 letters)final blending e.g./s/a/t/sa/t/s/at/successive blending e.g.ssssaaaatsystematic and explicit approachword wall,word-family posters,blending lines,etc.paired readingblen
38、ding gamesword bankidentifying sounds in words e.g.f-i-shLook,Cover,Write and CheckSay it as it soundsinteractive games,word charts,etc.writing tasks e.g.silly sentence,guided poem or rhyme writing,etc.Practise Phonics Quiz 1.Spelling Games e.g.sound matching,rhyming game,trace a beginning/ending co
39、nsonant,discrimination of vowels,choose the right word,word unscramble,spelling a word,etc.(http:/www.dyslexia.org/spelling_rules.shtml)2.Nonsense word checking (Ruth Miskins Nonsense Word Test)(http:/www.readinga- word recognition (Phonics-WebSpelling and sight recognition in the National Literacy
40、Strategy.htm)4.Reading Competency Test (http:/www.nrrf.org/readtest.html)拼音教材拼音教材 letter sound songs http:/www.pbs.org/parents/lions/site/map.html phonics worksheets/flash cards http:/ http:/ http:/www.beenleigss.eq.edu.au/requested_sites/sounds/#CVC http:/ http:/ http:/ flip books,phonics wheels,ph
41、onics dices,scrapbooks,e-books online http:/ http:/ http:/www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/clusters/print/index.shtml http:/www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/longvow/print/print.shtml http:/ big decodable books http:/www.readinga- http:/ http:/www.early- wall posters/audio posters http:/
42、phonics games http:/ http:/www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/cvc/index.shtml http:/ http:/ http:/www.beenleigss.eq.edu.au/requested_sites/sounds/#CVC http:/www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/interactives/construct/index.html http:/ http:/pbskids.org/lions/http:/www.pbs.org/parents/lions/site/map.html小一 拼音簡報http:/www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My%20Webs/phonics/p1phonics.htm小二拼音簡報http:/www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My%20Webs/phonics/p2phonics.htm家長網上資源庫http:/www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My%20Webs/phonics/Phonics_login.htm拼音教材拼音教材Teach to their strengthsLet children taste the fruit of their success!
