1、 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气定义虚拟语气定义 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想主观愿望或假想，而，而不表示客观存在的事实。不表示客观存在的事实。所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气常表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与语气常表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时现在时，过去时过去时，将来时将来时。1.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用条件句中的应
2、用 2.Be型虚拟语气：型虚拟语气：1)宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气 2)(should)+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 3.Were型虚拟语气：型虚拟语气：1)as if/as though 后有时用虚拟语气 2)would rather,had better后的句子的虚拟语气 3)it is(high)time that.句型 4.特殊情况：特殊情况：1)在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句 2)用于if only引导的感叹句 3)lest,for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句知识点归纳知识点归纳1)与与过去
3、事实相反过去事实相反 if 从句:主语+had done+其它，主句:主语+would(should,could,might)+have done+其它。如果我们轮流开车，你就不会这么累了。If we had driven in turn,you wouldnt have got so tired.1.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用条件句中的应用知识点归纳知识点归纳2)与与现在事实相反现在事实相反 if 从句:主语+过去式（be用were)+其它，主句:主语+would(should,could,might)+do+其它。如果我有时间，我就去参加你的晚会。If I had time,I
4、 would attend your party.1.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用条件句中的应用3)与与将来事实相反将来事实相反 if 从句:主语+过去式（be用were)/should+do/were to do+其它，主句：主语+would(should,could,might)+do+其它。如果明天下雪，我们就去拍照。If it were to snow/should snow tomorrow,we should take photos.知识点归纳知识点归纳1.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用条件句中的应用IfIf条件句虚拟语气结构点归纳条件句虚拟语气结构点归纳if i
5、f 从句从句主句主句过去过去had donewould/should/could/might +have done现在现在did/werewould(should,could,might)+do将来将来did/were to/should+do同上同上1)虚拟条件句中有虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时时,可把可把if省略省略,而把而把were,had,should放在主语前放在主语前,用倒用倒装结构装结构.如如:Were it necessary,I might resign.Had you informed me earlier,I would not have signed
6、the contract.Should I have time,I would call on her.Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.IfIf条件句虚拟语气特殊情况条件句虚拟语气特殊情况 2)错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致。如:If I were you,I would not have missed the film last night.(现在-过去)If they had started in the early mor
7、ning,they would arrive in half an hour(过去-将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time,you would know what to do now.(过去-现在)因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。IfIf条件句虚拟语气特殊情况条件句虚拟语气特殊情况 3）含蓄虚拟条件句）含蓄虚拟条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for”，“without”及“but that”“except for和“su
8、pposing”“otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟：But for your help,I would have failed.Without the money,I would not be alive now.IfIf条件句虚拟语气特殊情况条件句虚拟语气特殊情况 3）含蓄虚拟条件句）含蓄虚拟条件句 Supposing there were no gravity,objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.She wasnt feeling very well.Otherwise she wouldnt have left the m
9、eeting so early.She would leave her husband except for children.IfIf条件句虚拟语气特殊情况条件句虚拟语气特殊情况 1)order,suggest,demand,insist,等表示命等表示命令令,要求要求,建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式形式为为(should)+动词原形。动词原形。The doctor suggested that he should try to lose weight.2)expect,believe,think,suspect等否定或疑等否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语
10、气常用问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气常用should+动词原形，表示怀疑，惊奇或不满。动词原形，表示怀疑，惊奇或不满。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.BeBe型虚拟语气型虚拟语气 3.(should)+动词原形在某些从句中的应用动词原形在某些从句中的应用当宾语从句从的谓语是当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等动词时等动词时,如:I suggested that we should go t
11、here on foot.I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意注意:当当suggest表示暗示表示暗示,表明时表明时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气,用陈用陈述语气述语气.如:The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.当当insist表示坚持认为之意时表示坚持认为之意时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气,用陈述语用陈述语气气.如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.BeBe型虚拟语气型虚拟语
12、气 4)It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主等后的主语从句中语从句中It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 5)advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名词之后的等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中表语从句和同位语从句中.如:My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this e
13、veningBeBe型虚拟语气型虚拟语气1.宾语宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气1).wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。语动词退后一个时态。例如:与与现在现在事实相反事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)I wish I were as healthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反:wish+(that)+had doneI wish I had been to
14、 the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.与与将来将来事实相反事实相反:wish+would/could/might+doI wish he would forgive me.Were Were型虚拟语气型虚拟语气 2.as if/as though 后有时用虚拟语气后有时用虚拟语气 1)从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were)It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl.2)从句所设想的时间动作先于主句谓语发生,从
15、句动词用had+过去分词.如:I feel as if we had known each other for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself 3.would rather,had better,would prefer后后的句子的虚拟语气的句子的虚拟语气 1)接动词原形,指现在或将来的时间,表示主语的主观愿望和选择I would rather do it today.You had better not go dancing tonight.2)接不定式的完成式,表示过去的某种不恰当的选择.如:I
16、 would rather not have told her the news.She is such a gossip.3)接从句,用一般过去时,表示现在或将来的愿望;用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the money yourself.I would rather she had not done that.6 It is(high,about,low)time that一般过去时一般过去时should+动词原形动词原形此处的此处的should一般不省略一般不省略注意注意:It is the first time that从句从句 现在完
17、成时现在完成时It was the first time that从句从句 过去完成时过去完成时It is time for us to have dinner.It is(about/high)time that we had dinner.It is the first that he have gone there.It was the first time that he had gone there.7.在含有在含有if it were not for 或或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中条件句的虚拟语气中.如:If it were not for t
18、he rain,the crops would die.If it had not been for your help,we could not have finished the work ahead of timeif only过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟 对现在虚拟对现在虚拟could+完成时完成时8 if only 从句从句 if only 若是若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊;真希望真希望.;只要只要.就好就好1.If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes.2.If o
19、nly she could have lived a little longer.If only she had lived a little longer.3.If only he had arrived in time.would/could/might+动词原形动词原形对将来虚拟对将来虚拟1.She closed the windows lest she catch cold.2.He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.3.She put her coat over the child for fear that he shou
20、ld catch cold.4.Heres some money in case you should need it.lest/for fear that/in case+句子句子(should+动词原形动词原形)9 用在用在lest(惟恐惟恐,免得免得),for fear that(以免以免,为防为防止止起见起见)和和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。动词原形或动词原形。二 学法建议 在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时 首先要牢记它的三种形式,它将为学习此类句子奠定基础,在此基础上,才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等。综观历年的测试题,wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气,if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意。在学习as if引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时,要很好理解句子,在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式。对if only的学习也是不容忽视的一个要点.它表示/要是.就好了”,谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望,用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望.如:If only she had known where to find you!If only I could speak several foreign languages!
