1、12nFirst isolated from pig lungs in 1965n1965年首次在猪肺脏中分离nOne of the most common and economically important diseasesn最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一nA complex interaction between M.hyo and other bacterial and viral infections,and poor management and ventilation.n主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。3nOne of the pr
2、imary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex(PRDC)n引起PRDC 的原发病原之一nAffects as many as 99%of U.S.herdsn99的美国猪群都有感染nWorld-wide significancen世界范围内养猪生产中流行4nEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds.n不同猪群的经济影响差异较大nDependent on cost of inputs,price of pigs,other diseases,etc.n取决于
3、投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。nA MOVING TARGET.5nReduced average daily gain(ADG)n降低日增重nReduced feed efficiency(FE)n降低饲料报酬nIncreased medication costsn增加药物成本nIncreased cull or light-weight pigsn增加淘汰或低体重的猪nEtc.67nM.hyo decreased growth rate 12.7%and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8%(Pointon,et al,1985)n肺炎支原体可降低生长
4、率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%8nTransmission between pigs:aerosol and direct contactn猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触nTransmission between farms:movement of infected pigs n猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动nAerosol between farms:Britain 3.2 kmn猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里9Clinical signs include:临床症状nchronic cough(often dry or nonproductive)n慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）nhigh morb
5、idity and low mortalityn高发病率和低死亡率nuneven groups of pigsn猪群内生长不整齐10nPeak prevalence in Finisher because of:n在育肥期多发的原因：nLong incubation period：潜伏期长nSlow spread传播缓慢nIncreased animal density养殖密度加大nPresence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现11nM.hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling
6、,splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus.n支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia1314hyo vaccineThe first“one-dose”product has had a problem with syringability and local reactions due to the Water-in-oil adjuvant used.
7、Less pain疼痛少Theoretical immunology tells us that with an inactivated vaccine,two doses are necessary to achieve peak immunity.Optimize density and proper ventilationThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus,Pseudorabies(PRV),PRRS，PCVIITwo-doses一针免疫还是二针免疫A MOVIN
8、G TARGET.Immediate response免疫反应迅速an effective M.Vaccination免疫Two-dose一针还是二针Significantly lower than nonvaccinated,PRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂Laboratory vs.15nThere is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function(Caruso and Ross,1990)n破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能 1617Secondary bacterial infections:继发细
9、菌感染nPasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌nActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌nStreptococcus suis链球菌nHaemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or“thumping”18nThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus,Pseudorabies(PRV),PRRS，PCVIIn还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括
10、猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型19202122nMedication药物nManagement管理nVaccination免疫23nAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections.n田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。24nLincomycin:results inconsistentn林可霉素nTiamulin:results inconsistentn支原净nQuinolones:s
11、how some promisen喹喏酮类nFlorfenicol:shows some promisen纽弗罗nAivlosin:results are goodn爱乐新hyo MedicationWestern Blot Analysis免疫印记分析Stimulates strong cell-mediated immunityCheck other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:7%and decreased feed efficiency by 13.hyo vaccinehyo since we want lo
12、ng-lasting immunity.Products B and C preserve 8 proteinsSow Vaccination?母猪免疫？hyo situation:At least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同Laboratory vs.Management factors are importantM+PAC 安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原Kirk Clark work on loss of antibody titers in 3rd Parity sows25nOne problem with any medication program
13、is that once the medication is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again.n一旦停药，疾病复发26Management factors are important管理十分重要nAll-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management techniquen全进全出是最好的管理方式nNo more than 3 weeks spread in agen年龄差距不要超过3周nMedicated Early Weani
14、ng(MEW)has been shown to help control the MPS diseasen早期药物断奶有一定帮助27Management factors(continued)nSegregated Early Weaning(SEW)has shown meritn早期隔离断奶也有一定好处nVaccination免疫nOptimize density and proper ventilationn合理化密度，保持良好通风28Key to an effective program to control PRDC(Porcine Respiratory Disease Compl
15、ex)is an effective M.hyo vaccine控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗29nBecause the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood,whole-cell vaccines are best.n因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。30nM+Pac preserves 15 proteinsn安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白nProduct A preserves 11 proteinsnA产品保留了11种抗原蛋白nP
16、roducts B and C preserve 8 proteinsnB和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白3132nAlso,because long-lasting immunity is important,it is our belief that an effective M.hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant.n此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。3334nAluminum Hydroxide(AH)氢氧化铝nWater-in-oil (W/O)油包水nOil-in-water (O/W)水包油Alumin
17、um Hydroxide plus Oil-in waterhyo Economic LossesPasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌Oil-in-water (O/W)水包油World-wide significanceHigher cell-mediated immunityDecreased Sow to Pig Shedding?Revaccinate with a single 1 ml dose annually.Excellent syringeabilitychronic cough(often dry or nonproductive)Streptococ
18、cus suis链球菌Increased cull or light-weight pigsMild to no reactions温和无刺激hyo Vaccine AdjuvantsAntigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time.35nLow viscosity粘度低nMild to no reactions温和无刺激nImmediate response免疫反应迅速nShort-lived immunity免疫期短36nMore oil=more viscosity粘度高nMore irri
19、tation刺激大nMore pain疼痛nMore stress应激大37nMore modern最新型nAt least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同nLess oil=lower viscosity低粘度nLess irritation刺激小nLess pain疼痛少nLess stress(pigs and people)应激小38nM+PAC SPAH O/W+AHnRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂nRespifend Fort Dodge AHnIngelvac MH Nobl/BI W/OnPorcilis Interve
20、t AHnHyoresp Merial AH3940nReduced lung lesionsnLess coughingnHigher antibody titersnHigher cell-mediated immunitynExclusive Emunade adjuvantn1 ml administration41nThe key to M+Pacs superior performancen安百克优良性能的关键nFaster acting,longer lastingn速效、长效nExcellent syringeabilityn良好的通针性42nAluminum Hydroxid
21、e plus Oil-in watern氢氧化铝水包油nFast acting速效nLong lasting长效nStimulates strong cell-mediated immunityn刺激坚强的细胞介导免疫力434445Sow Vaccination?母猪免疫？Segregated Early Weaning(SEW)has shown merit肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机Less coughingLess irritation刺激小Sow Vaccination?母猪免疫？Management factors(continued)Affects as many as 99%of
22、 U.Short-lived immunity免疫期短reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus.取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。Increased medication costsA complex interaction between M.hyo Prevention and ControlWorld-wide significance4647nTiming(Later is better?)时机nOne-dose vs.Two-dose一针还是二针nSow Vaccination母猪免疫48nLater is Bette
23、r.Why?n越晚越好nMaternal Antibody Interferencen母源抗体干扰nProtection needs to last for entire finishing periodn保护力需要持续整个育肥期495.95.818.8005101520%of lung lesions4 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-Chall*Significantly lower than nonvaccinated,P 3rd Parity sowsn经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。nDecreased Sow to Pig Shedding?n能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？5
24、5nIf sow herd is vaccinated,especially pre-farrowing,then it is even more important to vaccinate pigs later.n如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。56Convenient dosage schedule方便的剂量n1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days of age or older.n首免1毫升710日龄以上nRevaccinate with 1 ml dose 2 weeks after initial vaccination.n在首免2周后，二免1毫升nR
25、evaccinate with a single 1 ml dose annually.n每年加强免疫1毫升57nVaccination schedule also can be done according to farms M.hyo situation:n免疫程序也需根据猪场的肺炎支原体发生状况来决定。n stage of M.hyo outbreaks and time for vaccination:n肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机 nursery/grower pre-fattener post-fattener 保育期/育成期 育肥前期 育肥后期 1wk&3wk 3wk&6wk 6
26、wk&9wk58Check your Mycoplasma vaccine against these advantages:nHigher antibody titersnReduced lung lesionnLess coughingnHigher cell-mediated immunitynExclusive Emunade adjuvantn1ml SQ/IM administration5960nEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds.n不同猪群的经济影响差异较大nDependent on cost of inp
27、uts,price of pigs,other diseases,etc.n取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。nA MOVING TARGET.61nReduced average daily gain(ADG)n降低日增重nReduced feed efficiency(FE)n降低饲料报酬nIncreased medication costsn增加药物成本nIncreased cull or light-weight pigsn增加淘汰或低体重的猪nEtc.Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia6364Reduced lung lesionW
28、orld-wide significanceM+PACTM Vaccination program(cont)安百克免疫程序A mucosal pathogenControversial1965年首次在猪肺脏中分离M+Pac preserves 15 proteinshyo DiseaseImmediate response免疫反应迅速Optimize density and proper ventilationMycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪支原体肺炎One-dose vs.One-dose vs.hyo Economic LossesM+PAC SPAH O/W+AH6566Check your Mycoplasma vaccine against these advantages:nHigher antibody titersnReduced lung lesionnLess coughingnHigher cell-mediated immunitynExclusive Emunade adjuvantn1ml SQ/IM administration67
