1、Summary WritingWhat is a summary?A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of sth,not the details(牛津高阶英汉双解词典)How much do you know about summary writing?普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数词数少于少于4040的和的和多余多余8080的，的，从从总分中减去总分中减去2 2分分考试说明中评分标准规定
2、概要写作阅卷时按5个档次给分，其中最高档次第五档（21-25points）：1.理解准确，涵盖全部要点；2.能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；3.完全使用自己的语言；4.有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使完成的概要结构紧凑。complete(内容完整内容完整)coherent(衔接连贯衔接连贯)correct(语言正确语言正确)评分原则concise(用词简洁用词简洁)60词左右词左右complete correct coherent concise “4C”principle(“4C”原则原则)How to write a good summary?1.Read 2.Paraphrase 3.Po
3、lish4.Revisestructure,key pointsrewrite in your own wordsmake it coherentspelling、grammar、vocabulary、words、punctuation（标点）（标点）概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(Para 1)These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush.It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry.Howeve
4、r,its better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.(Para 2)The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of making mistakes in a rush.When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry,they cant mak
5、e a sound decision and probably regret later.As the saying goes,“Haste makes waste.”We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly.We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.(Para 3)Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better.For examp
6、le,taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane.However,taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends.Besides,it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way.On the contrary,being in a hurry will make us lose ch
7、ances of enjoying our lives.(Para 4)Finally,slower life pace provides better health conditions for us.As is known to all,taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress.People think if they are not in a hurry,they will become a loser and that annoys them.But being in a hurry can hurt
8、 people both physically and mentally.According to some studies,people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases,tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense,even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.(Para 5)In short,working quickly will bring about more
9、material benefits to make our society more advanced.Yet,much stress cant bring enjoyment,friends and health,which are much more important than money and other material advantages.Therefore,take your time and live your life at a slower pace.Step 1:Readread for structure Skim the passage and answer th
10、e following questions.Q1:Is it the passage a(an)A.narration(记叙文)B.exposition(说明文)C.argumentation(议论文)Q2:How many parts can the passage be divided into?A.3(para1;para2-4;para5)B.4(para1;para2-3;para4-5)C.2(para1;para2-5)Step 1:ReadSupporting ideas:Conclusion:Topic:Argumentation(议论文）议论文）Para1Para2-Par
11、a4Para5Step 1:Read read for key pointsUnderline the topic sentence or key points of each paragraphfocus on the first sentence and pay special attention to such words as:however,on the contrary,but,yet,therefore (Para 1)These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush.It appears that
12、 people have got used to being in a hurry.However,its better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.Step 1:Read(for key points)Step 1:Read(for key points)(Para 2)The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the poss
13、ibility of making mistakes in a rush.When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry,they cant make a sound decision and probably regret later.As the saying goes,“Haste makes waste.”We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly.We should not make mistakes by doi
14、ng work hurriedly.Step 1:Read(for key points)(Para 3)Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better.For example,taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane.However,taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends.
15、Besides,it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way.On the contrary,being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives.Step 1:Read(for key points)(Para 4)Finally,slower life pace provides better health conditions for us.As is known to all,taking action in a hurr
16、y bothers people and raises their stress.People think if they are not in a hurry,they will become a loser and that annoys them.But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally.According to some studies,people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases,tend to be happier and live m
17、uch longer than those whose life is tense,even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.Step 1:Read(for key points)(Para 5)In short,working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced.Yet,much stress cant bring enjoyment,friends and health,which are
18、 much more important than money and other material advantages.Therefore,take your time and live your life at a slower pace.It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry.However,its better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.g
19、ot accustomed tolive a slower life策略策略2 2：简化句子：简化句子 Although people have got accustomed to being in a hurry,leading a slower life is better.策略策略3 3：句型转换：句型转换 Although people have got accustomed to being in a hurry,its better to live a slower life.Step 2:Paraphrase策略策略1 1：同义转换：同义转换 The main reason th
20、at convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of making mistakes in a rush.Step 2:Paraphraseslow downcommitting errors The main reason for slowing down is to reduce the chance of committing errors.chanceStep 2:ParaphraseA slow pace of lifeslowing down A slower pace of life allow
21、s people to have more opportunities to enjoy lifewin/get/have Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better.On the contrary,being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives.opportunities More opportunities to enjoy life are allowed by a slower pace of life.策略策略5
22、5：合并句子：合并句子策略策略6 6：语态转换：语态转换策略策略4 4：反义转换：反义转换Some strategies to use to paraphrase策略1：同义转换策略5：简化句子策略4：句型转换策略2：反义转换策略6：合并句子策略3：语态转换words(单词层面单词层面)sentences(句子层面句子层面)Finally,slower life pace provides better health conditions for us.But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally.Step
23、2:Paraphraseofferspsychologically Finally,better health condition physically and psychologically is offered by a slower life pace.slowing down can help Finally,better health condition physically and psychologically is what a slower life pace offers.Therefore,take your time and live your life at a sl
24、ower pace.Step 2:Paraphrase Therefore,lets take a slower life from now onStep 3:Polish make it coherent by adding some connectives常见连接词：转折：but,yet,however,though因果：thus,therefore并列：firstly/secondly/lastly举例：for example/such as对比：on the contrary,by contrast结论：in short,in conclusion Althogh people hav
25、e got accustomed to being in a hurry,leading a slower life is better.Step 3:PolishThe main reason for slowing down is to reduce the chance of committing errors.More opportunities to enjoy life are allowed by a slower pace of life.Finally,better health condition physically and psychologically is what
26、 a slower life pace offers.Therefore,lets take a slower life from now onFirstly,Secondlyly,make it coherent by adding some connectivesDespite being accustomed to being in a hurry,people are recommended to lead a slower life.(要点1)Firstly,slowing down reduces the chance of committing errors.(要点2)Secon
27、dly,More opportunities to enjoy life are allowed by a slower pace of life.(要点3)Finally,better health condition physically and psychologically is also what a slower life pace offers.(要点4)Therefore,lets take a slower life from now on(要点5)(63w)Step 4:Revise4“C”:complete,concise coherent,correct 概要写作（满分
28、25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(Para 1)Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.Time for practice (Para 2)In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion
29、had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe l
30、ived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.(Para 3)Though the belief in the of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a
31、 nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell th
32、e idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?(Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread
33、of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.(Para 1)Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed ab
34、out attitudes to dirt.Step 1:Read (Para 2)In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 15
35、38,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered tha
36、t,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.(Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washi
37、ng are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?(Para 4)Attit
38、udes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immun
39、e system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.Step 2:ParaphraseIn the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out diseaseAttitudes differ hugely nowadaysencourages children to play in the dirt to bu
40、ild up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Step 3:Polish常见连接词：转折：but,yet,however,though因果：thus,therefore并列：firstly/secondly/l
41、astly举例：for example/such as对比：on the contrary,by contrast结论：in short,in conclusion Step 4:ReviseOne possible version:People have mixed opinions toward dirt.In the early 16th century,people of some European countries,France,for example,believed that dirt on the skin could prevent people from getting
42、ill.However,Since the 18th century,people have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.But now some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help make our immune system strong.ConclusionWhat is a summary?What are the steps to write a summary?What strategies can we use t
43、o paraphrase?What is“4C”principle?It is a brief statement that gives only the main points of sth,not the details 策略1：同义转换策略2：反义转换策略3：语态转换策略4：句型转换策略5：简化句子策略6：合并句子Finish the summary writing of the following PassageHomework 阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。词左右的内容概要。Getting up early has been regarde
44、d as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early,we would be energetic(充满活力的充满活力的)the whole day.So,getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact,morning is the best time of a day.In the morning,the air is the freshest and p
45、eople are usually in the best conditions(条件条件).Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning,we can build our bodies and become much he
46、althier.Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However,if we get up late,we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting
47、 up early every day,we will certainly benefit(受益受益)a lot from it.Getting up early in the morning is a good habit and very important,because in the morning we can have a better memory,healthier bodies and better preparation for the day.In addition,morning exercise can help us keep healthy.So,it is be
48、neficial to us.参考范文参考范文1.秋季起苗从苗木生理而言，秋季苗木地上部分停止生长后，根系还在继续生长，起苗后若能及时栽植，对苗根恢复创伤有利，翌春能早开始生长。2.春季起苗，春季起苗一定要早在苗木开始萌动之前起苗，否则在芽苞开放后起苗，会严重降低苗木质量。3、栽植带土球树苗，去掉土球包装物，以保持土球不裂不散，然后填土踏实。回填踩土时，不要直接踩压土球，确保土球完好。4、对较大规格的树木，要使用新技术、新工艺，进行环绕树穴埋设通气软管根，内装珍珠岩，上露地面，提高土壤通透性，或进行配方施肥补充营养。5、对干形较高、冠形较大的树木，栽后设立支撑物进行防护，并做到支柱、绳索等物件的衬垫，以防直接接触磨伤干皮。6、对常绿大规格的苗木，还应搭设遮阳网；进行树冠电子间歇弥雾，或者喷水喷雾。7、绿篱种植或色块、图案栽植时，应由内向外顺序栽植；坡式种植时应由上而下进行栽植；大型图案块植或不同色彩丛植时，宜分区、分块展开栽植。8、行道树根据既定树形进行修剪，主干式的常绿或落叶树无论冬夏都只作平衡树形的修剪。
