初中元旦节完整版课件.pptx

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1、2021元旦简介元旦的由来各国元旦趣闻新年寄语第一部分元 旦 简 介元旦简介元旦,即公历的1月1日,是世界多数国家通称的“新年”。元,谓“始”,凡数之始称为“元”;旦,谓“日”;“元旦”意即“初始之日”。元旦又称“三元”,即岁之元、月之元、时之元。由于地理环境和历法的不同,在不同时代,世界各国、各民族元旦的时间定位各不尽相同。现在,公历日益为世界各国所公认。世界上大多数国家都采用了国际通行的公历,把每年1月1日作为“元旦”。以公历为历法的国家,都以每年公历1月1日为元旦日,举国放假。元旦简介中 国“元 旦”中国历史上的“元旦”一词最早出现于晋书。中国历史上的“元旦”指的是“正月一日”,“正月”

2、的计算方法,在汉武帝时期以前是很不统一的,历代的元旦日期并不一致。从汉武帝起,规定阴历一月为“正月”,把一月的第一天称为元旦,一直沿用到清朝末年。辛亥革命后,为了“行夏正,所以顺农时,从西历,所以便统计”,民国元年决定使用公历(实际使用是1912年),并规定阳历1月1日为“新年”,但并不叫“元旦”。1949年中华人民共和国以公历1月1日为元旦,因此“元旦”在中国也被称为“阳历年”、“新历年”或“公历年”。第二部分元旦的由来元 旦 的 由 来元,谓“始”,凡数之始称为“元”;旦,谓“日”;“元旦”意即“初始之日”。元旦又称“三元”,即岁之元、月之元、时之元。由于地理环境和历法的不同,在不同时代,

3、世界各国、各民族元旦的时间定位各不尽相同。现在,公历日益为世界各国所公认。世界上大多数国家都采用了国际通行的公历,把每年1月1日作为“元旦”。以公历为历法的国家,都以每年公历1月1日为元旦日,举国放假在古代中国人的心目中,“元”,是开始的意思;“旦”,是早晨的意思。据史料记载,在中国历史上,“元旦”有许多称谓,如元日、元正、元辰、开年、元春、上日、华岁等,但在诸多称谓中还是以称“元旦”最普遍,时间最长久。元 旦 的 由 来“元旦”的概念,在不同时代、不同国家,具体所指也不尽相同。中国的“元旦”这一概念,历来指的是正月一日。“正月”的计算方法,在汉武帝时期以前也是很不统一的。因此,历代的元旦月、

4、日也并不一致。夏朝的夏历以春季一月为正月,商朝的殷历以冬季十二月为正月,周朝的周历以冬季十一月为正月。秦始皇统一中国后,又以冬季十月为正月,即十月初一为元旦。从汉武帝起,规定春季一月为正月,把一月的第一天称为元旦,一直沿用到清朝末年。发展变化元 旦 的 由 来发展变化“元旦”一词最早出现于晋书:“颛帝以孟夏正月为元,其实正朔元旦之春。”汉代崔瑗三子钗铭中叫“元正”、晋代庾阐扬都赋一赋中称作“元辰”、北齐时的元会大享歌皇夏辞一辞中呼为“元春”、唐德宗-李适元日退朝观军仗归营一诗中谓之“元朔”。南北朝时,南朝文史学家萧子云的介雅诗中有“四季新元旦,万寿初春朝”的记载。宋代吴自牧梦粱录中有关于:“正

5、月朔日,谓之元旦,俗呼为新年。一岁节序,此为之首。”的记载。“元旦”一词系中国“土产”,在中国农历中已沿用4000多年,但现行公历“元旦”为1949年所定,随着2016年的到来,它只有“70岁”。每年1月1日,标志着新一年的到来,人们习惯将这一天称为“元旦”,俗称“公历年”、“阳历年”或“新历年”。元 旦 的 由 来相关传说中国的元旦起于三皇五帝之一的颛顼,距今已有5000多年的历史。传说二:在4000多年前远古的尧、舜盛世之时,尧在位时勤政于民为百姓办了很多好事,很受广大百姓爱戴,但因其子无才不太成器,他没把“部落联盟”的首领位传给自己的儿子,而是传给了品德才能兼备的舜。尧对舜说:“你今后一

6、定要把帝位传交好,待我死后也可安心瞑目了。”后来舜把帝位传给了治洪水有功的禹,禹亦像舜那样亲民爱民为百姓做了很多好事,都十分受人爱戴。后来人们把尧死后,舜帝祭祀天地和先帝尧的那一天,当作一年的开始之日,把农历正月初一称为“元旦”,或“元正”。据说这就是古代“元旦”的由来。第三部分各国元旦趣闻各 国 元 旦 趣 闻晋代诗人辛兰曾有元正诗:“元正启令节,嘉庆肇自兹。咸奏万年觞,小大同悦熙。”记述元旦庆贺情景。现代中国的元旦,根据中国政府将其列入法定假日,成为全国人民的节日。放假一天,后常常将当日前或后双休日调整,一般连续休息三天。现代中国对元旦的庆祝较之春节,重要性要小得多。一般机关、企业会举行年

7、终集体庆祝活动,但民间活动很少。习俗文化西方元旦:西元前46年,古罗马凯撒把这一天定为西历新年的开始,为了祝福双面神“Janus”,这位罗马神话中的门神,“Janus”后来也演化为英文一月“January”这个词。各 国 元 旦 趣 闻元旦前一天,家家户户都必须做到瓶中有酒,橱中有肉。英国人认为,如果没有余下的酒肉,来年便会贫穷。除此之外,英国还流行新年“打井水”的风俗,人们都争取第一个去打水,认为第一个打水的人为幸福之人,打来的水是吉祥之水。英国在比利时,元旦的早上,农村中的第一件事便是向畜拜年。人们走到牛、马、羊、狗、猫等动物身边,煞有介事地向这些生灵通明:“新年快乐!”比利时各 国 元

8、旦 趣 闻德国人在元旦期间,家家户户都要摆上一棵枞树和横树,树叶间系满绢花,表示繁花似锦,春满人间。他们在除夕午夜新年光临前一刻,爬到椅子上,钟声一响,他们就跳下椅子,并将一重物抛向椅背后,以示甩去祸患,跳入新年。在德国的农村还流传着一种“爬树比赛”的过新年风俗,以示步步高升。德国以酒来庆祝新年,人们从除夕起开始狂欢痛饮,直到1月3日才终止。法国人认为元旦这一天的天气预示着新的一年的年景。元旦清晨他们就上街看风向来占卜:刮南风,预兆风调雨顺,这一年会是平安而炎热;刮西风,有一个捕鱼和挤奶的丰收年;刮东风,水果将高产;刮北风,则是歉收年。法国各 国 元 旦 趣 闻意大利的除夕是一个狂欢之夜,当夜

9、幕开始降临,成千上万的人们涌向街头,点燃爆竹和焰火,甚至鸣放真枪实弹。男男女女翩翩起舞,直至午夜。家家户户收拾旧物,将屋子里一些可打碎的东西,摔个粉碎,旧盆子、瓶瓶罐罐统统扔到门外,表示去掉厄运和烦恼,这是他们辞旧岁迎新年的传统方式。意大利瑞士人有元旦健身的习惯,他们有的成群结队去爬山,站在山顶面对冰天雪地,大声歌唱美好的生活;有的在山林中沿着长长的雪道滑雪,仿佛在寻找幸福之路;有的举行踩高跷比赛,男女老幼齐上阵,互祝身体健康。他们以健身来迎接新一年的到来。瑞士各 国 元 旦 趣 闻元旦前夜,人们在广场上竖起高大的圣诞树,搭起舞台。市民们一边烧着焰火,一边载歌载舞。农村人拉着木犁,上面装饰着各

10、种彩花,庆祝新年。罗马尼亚元旦用餐时,谁打喷嚏谁准会给全家人带来幸福,家主将第一只羊、牛或马驹许给他,以祝愿他给全家人带来幸福。保加利亚元旦时,家家都要做一个大蛋糕,里面放一枚银币。主人将蛋糕切若干块,分给家人或来访的亲朋好友。谁吃到带有银币的那块蛋糕,谁就成了新年最幸运的人,大家都向他祝贺。希腊各 国 元 旦 趣 闻西班牙人在元旦前夕,所有家庭成员都团聚在一起,以音乐和游戏相庆贺。午夜来临,十二点的钟声刚开始敲第一响,大家便争着吃葡萄。如果能按钟声吃下12颗,便象征着新年的每个月都一切如意。西班牙第四部分新 年 寄 语新 年 寄 语老师:过年好!您的博爱给予我灵魂,您的艰辛教育我成长。愿您的

11、汗水化做无数颗冰凌花让您欣慰!让您快乐!这一刻,有我最深的思念。让云捎去满心的祝福,点缀你甜蜜的梦,愿你拥有一个幸福快乐的新年!我把新世纪的祝福和希望,悄悄地放在将融的雪被下,让它们,沿着春天的秧苗生长,送给你满年的丰硕与芬芳!祝福是份真心意,不是千言万语的表白。感谢你的关怀,感谢你的帮助,感谢你对我做的一切任何时间,请接受我最真心的祝愿!在这个充满喜悦的日子里,在长久的离别后,愿新年的钟声代给你一份宁静和喜悦,和新世纪的祝福。元旦表示年新的一年,新的开始,万事从头起,良好的开端是成功的一半祝你永远是成功者!感谢大家聆听2121赠送2套彩色创意商务可一键删除可一键删除并列关系/数据对比Grap

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