1、专题一 名词1.可数名词及其单复数可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。表示单一概念时用单数形式，表示两个或两个以上的概念时用复数形式。可数名词的复数形式的规则变化和不规则变化如下表：可数名词与不可数名词【歌诀助记】（1）规则名词单数变复数口诀名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；词尾若是s,x,sh,ch,直接加上-es；“辅音字母y”结尾，把y变i再加-es。（2）不规则名词单数变复数口诀以f或fe结尾的名词：变f或fe为-ves，树叶(leaf)一半(half)自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮，谁知架子(shelf)后面一只狼(wolf)，就像小偷(thief)逃命(l
2、ife)忙。以o结尾的名词加-es：英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)。与某国人有关的名词：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。2.不可数名词及其量化 不可数名词包括抽象名词和物质名词，没有单复数形式的变化，且不能用不定冠词a/an或数词直接修饰。（1 1）常见的不可数名词（2）不可数名词量化的表示方法 不可数名词的数量常借助piece,bag,glass,cup,drop等用于定量的名词来表示，使用“数词量词(复数)of不可数名词”结构。如a piece of bread/meat 一块面包/肉,two cups of water两杯水,three pieces of
3、 music 三首曲子,five drops of water五滴水,six bags of rice六袋大米等。【特别提示】有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词。如time(时间/次数，倍数)，fish(鱼肉/鱼),room(空间/房间),noise(噪声/响声),paper(纸/试卷，文件)，chicken(鸡肉/鸡),experience(经验/经历)等。表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much,(a)little,a lot of,some,any等修饰，常用it来替代。例句 The weather here is too cold.I dont like it.这儿的天气太冷了。我
4、不喜欢这儿的天气。()1.Thanks to those hardworking _,we have so many kinds of vegetables and food.A.farmers B.workers C.teachers D.doctors()2.My family lives near a big _.It is very convenient for us to buy things.A.playground B.bank C.supermarket D.hospital()3.My grandfather used to like having a little _ af
5、ter breakfast.A.tea B.eggs C.rice D.cakesACA()4.You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer _ while you are writing.A.jokes B.letters C.mistakesD.problems()5.In every _ there has to be some give-and-take.A.friendship B.instrument C.attention D.courage()6.I like the_ named the English World ver
6、y much.I buy it every month.A.game B.magazine C.movie D.subjectCAB 名词或名词短语辨析 名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后做出正确的选择。1.同根名词易混辨析（1）exercise与exercisesexercise用作不可数名词，意为“锻炼；运动”；用作可数名词，其复数exercises意为“练习；操”。例句 Swimming is good exercise.游泳是有益的运动。We should do eye exercises every day.我们
7、应该每天做眼保健操。考考 点点 2（2）work与works work用作不可数名词，意为“工作”；用作可数名词，其复数works意为“著作；作品”。例句 I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。These art works are made by a Chinese artist.这些艺术作品是由一位中国艺术家创作的。（3）glass与glasses glass用作不可数名词，意为“玻璃”；用作可数名词，其复数形式glasses意为“眼镜”。例句 The bridge is made of glass.这座桥是玻璃做的。He has bought a new
8、 pair of glasses.他买了一副新眼镜。（4）room与rooms room用作不可数名词，意为“空间”；用作可数名词，意为“房间”。例句 There isnt enough room for four beds here.这儿放不下四张床。There are twenty rooms in the building.这栋楼里有20个房间。（5）life与lives life用作不可数名词，意为“生活”；用作可数名词，意为“生命”。例句 They talked about their life in Beijing twenty years ago.他们谈到了20年前在北京的生活。
9、Millions of people lost their lives in the war.数百万人在这场战争中丧生。2.近义词易混辨析（1）job与work（2）problem与question（3）room与place（4）message,news与 information1.Many _ are sold in the bookstore.You can choose one you need.2.Remember to brush your _ before you go to bed.3.Lang Ping is one of the most famous volleyball
10、_ in China,and her team has got several gold medals.dictionariesteethcoachestooth，dish，leaf，coach，potato，child，dictionary4.Tom is going to France next week.It will be a great chance for him to try some French _.5.There are some _ running on the playground happily.6.Could you please bring me some _?I
11、 want to make some chips.7.It blew hard last night,so there are lots of _ on the road today.potatoesdisheschildrenleavestooth，dish，leaf，coach，potato，child，dictionary考考 点点 3 名词所有格 名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有或所属关系。它有三种形式：s所有格、of 所有格和双重所有格。s 所有格一般用于有生命的人或物之后，of 所有格一般用于修饰无生命的名词，双重所有格表示人或事物整体中的一部分。完成句子：完成句子：1.珍妮和她妹
12、妹的房间在二楼。珍妮和她妹妹的房间在二楼。_room is on the second floor.2.在这一个小时的旅行中，我欣赏了途中的美景。在这一个小时的旅行中，我欣赏了途中的美景。I enjoyed the view along the road while taking the _ 3.杰克和麦克的父亲无法参加班会，因为他们出差了。杰克和麦克的父亲无法参加班会，因为他们出差了。_couldnt attend the class meeting because they have gone on business.4.我姐姐的朋友们下周和我去看电影。我姐姐的朋友们下周和我去看电影。The friends of _ will go to the movies with me next week.5.人民公园距离这里大约有五分钟步行的路程。人民公园距离这里大约有五分钟步行的路程。Renmin Park is about _ from here.Jenny and her sistersone hours trip.Jacks and Mikes fathersmy sistersfive minutes walk
