1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句 定语定语 定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担等来担任，修饰名词。任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语以分词、介词短语为例）为例）例：例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was drunk.定语从句定语从句在英语中，修饰某个在英语中，修饰某个名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫定语叫定语从句。引导定语从句的有：从句。引导定语从句的有：关系代词关系代词和和关系副关系副词词（关
2、系代词可作主语和宾语；关系副词可作（关系代词可作主语和宾语；关系副词可作状语）。被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词状语）。被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词叫叫先行词，先行词，定语从句放在其后。定语从句可分定语从句放在其后。定语从句可分为为限定性定语从句限定性定语从句和和非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句。例：例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was drunk.引导定语从句的关系代词that:指人或物which：指物who:指人，在从句中作主语,也可作宾语whom:指人，在从句中作宾
3、语whose：的，指人或物，在从句中做定语关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）I met someone who said he knew you.vwho who 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词someone,someone,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。单句连接起来。v关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它
4、在一般情关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。2.whom2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在句中担任动词宾语时，关系代词可省略。关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。Please show me
5、 the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made
6、 in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?5.that 5.that 指人或物，作主语或宾语指人或物，作主语或宾语 I know the girl that attended the party.That is the job that Im hunting for.关系代词关系代词 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用whi
7、ch或或that;v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which 最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观
8、事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round f
9、ace.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on
10、 the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is
11、big.Can you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)The room(that)I live in is very bi
12、g.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 关系代词与介词关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 有些情
13、况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数序数词词修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是 something,nothing,anything等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something(that)I will tell y
14、ou.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,或用或用 little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last 作修饰时作修饰时 Is it the one that you want?I havent got much that I can offer you.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或whic
15、h时，用时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?注注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，时，关系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?2).在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who Ther
16、e is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very who famous in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which
17、 (3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with.whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。whe
18、re:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点。指代地点。=介词介词+which when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。=介词介词+which why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语，指代原因。，指代原因。=for which1.The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which)we stayed at wasnt clea
19、n.2.Ill never forget the day.I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.限定性定语从句是用来修饰和限定先行词的，是复合中不可缺少的组成部分。若将它去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，主句也不完整了。非限定性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，若省去也不影响主句的意思。它和主句之间常和逗号隔开。关系词：which，who，whom,whose,when,w
20、here,as关系词that和why都不能引导who引导Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。whom引导关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句首。如：Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家
21、，我从他那儿学了许多东西。whose引导whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard.那位父亲是位工程师小男孩学习很努力。which引导关系代词which在非限制性定语从句，中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：These apple
22、 trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。which指代主句中的形容词。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.which指代主句中的某个从句。如：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。which指代整个主句。如：In the presence of
23、 so many people he was little tense,which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。when引导关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。如：He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。where引导副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。如：They went to London，where they lived for six m
24、onths.他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的时间。as引导as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但通常用于像as we all know,as it is known,as is known to all,as it is,as is said above,as always mentioned above,as is usual,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。a
25、s有“正如，就像”之意。如：As is known to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道，马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。（as在从句中作主语）1、as引导的定语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，which引导的定语从句可置于句中或句尾。2、当as后面有“is或was+过去分词”构成的被动语态时，be动词is或was可省略。3、as有时也可用作关系代词。若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首或句中。但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中。4、as有正如一样、按照、正像、因为的意思，所以常用于肯
26、定句，而which则用于肯定，否定都可以。5、在固定结构中使用as 例如：the same as、as as。例句：1 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,which,of course,made the others unhappy.（从句部分的意思为：这当然使别人不高兴；而不能译为正如使别人不高兴。故用which。）2 Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.重庆和我们在其它地方看过的城市不一样。单项选择。1.This is
27、 the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.
28、A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACBDB6.This book is for the students _native language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictiona
29、ry_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver.A.whom B.who C.which D.whatCCAAB 根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：1.This is the engineer _ (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作
30、关于计算机报告的)the other day.2.My necklace is not _.(唯一不见的东西唯一不见的东西).3.The man_ (在这间房子里工作的在这间房子里工作的)is an English teacher.4.The old building_(我们住的我们住的)has been here for 30 years.5.The history book _(封皮是黄的）封皮是黄的）was lost.who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thats missingwho works in the room(th
31、at/which)we live inwhose cover is yellow 根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：6.Here is the pen _ .(你昨天丢失的）你昨天丢失的）7.This is the best book_ _.(我读过的）我读过的）8.I have lost the pen_.（我父亲给我买的）（我父亲给我买的）9.Wheat is a plant_ _.（中国北方（中国北方 种植的）种植的）10.I dont like the people_.(说得多说得多,做得少的）做得少的）(that)you lost yesterday.(that)I have ever read(which/that)my father bought me which/that is grownwho talk too much but do littlein the north of China Homework:1.Revise the attributive clause.2.Write 10 sentences with the attributive clause.
