1、根据音标写出下列单词1./snd/2./l/3./nn/4./rb/5./wald/6./nbdi/sandsandalthoughalthoughnonenonerubbishrubbishwildwildnobodynobody7./w7./w(r)st/(r)st/8./s8./st tueuen/n/9./p9./pn n/10./p10./p(r)hps/(r)hps/11./evrib11./evribdi/di/12./h12./hl/l/13./f13./f(r)m/(r)m/14./ra14./raz/z/15./15./v vd/d/16./d16./dskskv v(r)
2、/(r)/17./17./(r)sti/(r)sti/18./n18./nli/li/19./l19./l/worstworstsituationsituationpunishpunishperhapsperhapseverybodyeverybodyholeholeformformriseriseavoidavoiddiscoverdiscoverthirstythirstynearlynearlylawlaw根据英文单词写出相对应的中文意思根据英文单词写出相对应的中文意思1.sandstorm1.sandstorm 2.desert2.desert 3.reduce3.reduce ple
3、tely pletely 5.user 5.user 6.spit6.spit 7.untidy7.untidy 8.rude8.rude 9.behavior9.behavior 沙暴沙暴沙漠舍弃沙漠舍弃,遗弃遗弃减少减少;减轻减轻彻底地彻底地;完整地完整地使用者使用者;用户用户吐吐,唾唾不整洁的不整洁的,凌乱的凌乱的无理的无理的,粗鲁的粗鲁的行为行为,举止举止10.nowhere10.nowhere 11.oxygen11.oxygen 12.radiation 12.radiation 13.directly13.directly 14.blanket14.blanket 15.esca
4、pe15.escape 16.shortage16.shortage 17.resource17.resource 18.reuse18.reuse 无处;哪里都不氧气氧气放射,放射物直接地 毛毯,毯子渗出;逃跑;逃脱不足;缺少;短缺资源;财力再次利用;重复使用1.affect(动词)_(名词)2.behavior(名词)_(动词)3.heat(名词，动词)_(形容词)4.shortage(名词)_(形容词)plete(形容词，动词)_(副词)effect effect behave behave hot hot short short completely completely1.变成_2.
5、吹走_3.冲走_4.人类_5.许多；大量_6.尽全力做某事_7.形成_8.处于的危险中_change into/turn intoblow awaywash awayhuman beingsa(large)number oftry/do ones best to do e into being in danger of9.灭绝，绝迹_10.开始意识到_11.到处_12.缺乏_13.关心、照顾_14.最糟糕的是_15.一开始_16.遵守规则_die outcome to realize here and therebe short ofcare forworst of allin the beg
6、inningfollow the rules 17.在地球上_18.拿走_19.通过，穿过_20.导致做_21.似乎做_22.大量的水_23.避免做某事_24.节约用水_on the earthtake awaypass throughcauseto do seem to doplenty of wateravoid doing sth.save water25.一天又一天地_26.被覆盖_27.阻止某人做某事_28.结果_29.做一些有用的事来保护环境_ day by day be covered with prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.as a resul
7、t do sth.useful to protect the environment【重点句型重点句型】根据中文提示补全句子根据中文提示补全句子1.1.但政府为了保护环境正在做一些有益的事。但政府为了保护环境正在做一些有益的事。But the government is doing But the government is doing to to protect the protect the environment.environment.2.2.我们不应该到处丢弃垃圾。我们不应该到处丢弃垃圾。We We leave rubbish leave rubbish .3.3.不要践踏我们周围的
8、草坪和采摘花朵。不要践踏我们周围的草坪和采摘花朵。walk on the grass walk on the grass pick the flowers around pick the flowers around us.us.somethingsomethingusefulusefulshouldntshouldntherehereandandtherethereDontDontoror4.每一个人都应当保护野生动物并且多种树。Everyone should /._wild animals and plant more trees.5.我们应尽一切努力保护环境。We should do w
9、e can to protect the environment.6.树能阻止风把土壤吹走。Trees can the wind the earth away.7.我们所做的一些事情对地球有益,然而有一些却对地球有着负面影响。Some things we have done are very good for the earth others are bad.carecareforforlooklookafteraftertaketakecarecareofofeverythingeverythingstopstopfromfromblowingblowingwhilewhile1.你口渴，想
10、要对方给你点喝的，可以这样请求：_?2.我们没有人喜欢污染，你可以这样告诉老师：_.Could you give me something to drinkNone of us likes pollution3.砍伐太多的树木对我们的环境有害，你可以这样表述：Cutting down _.4.老师告诉同学们不要在公共场合随地吐痰，他可以这样说：_.too many trees is harmful to our environmentDont spit in public5.环保人士告诫我们许多肥沃的土地已经变成了沙漠，他可以这样说：A lot of _.rich land has chang
11、ed into desert 6.在过去的几年里许多富饶的土地都变成了沙漠，你可以这么表达：_ in the past few years.7.据报道，一些动物正处于灭亡的危险中，你可以这么表述：Its reported that _.8.越来越多的人们已经意识到空气污染已经成为一个严重的问题，你可以这么表述：More and more people _.A lot of rich land has changed into desertsome animals are in danger of dying out have realized air pollution has become
12、a serious problem1.人类已经开始意识到保护动物的重要性。(come to realize)_ 2.我们应该做些有用的事来保护环境。_ Humans have come to realize the importance of protecting animals.We should do something useful to protect the environment.根据中文意思写句子根据中文意思写句子3.风里夹杂着大量沙正猛烈地吹着。(blow)_4.我试穿的这些衬衫要么太大要么太小，因此我没买。_ The wind is blowing strongly with
13、 lots of sand.The shirts I tried on were either too big or too small,so I dont buy one.5.我们怎样才能避免严重的水资源短缺呢？(shortage)_How can we avoid a serious water shortage?1.Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.意思是“树木可以防风固土。它们也可以防止水土流失。”
14、stop sb./sth.(from)doing sth.=prevent sb./sth.(from)doing sth.=keep sb./sth.from doing sth.“阻止（防止）某人或某物做某事阻止（防止）某人或某物做某事”e.g.Nothing can stop him from making his dream come true.“没什么事情能阻止他实现梦想。”2.Although we have built“The Green Great Wall”,we still need to do something to protect the environment.意思
15、是“尽管我们已经建起了绿色长城，但是我们仍需要采取措施保护环境。”even though/even if/though/although 都有都有“虽然虽然”的含义，但不能同时与的含义，但不能同时与but连用连用。e.g.Even though I often communicate with Jack,I dont understand him much.“尽管我和杰克经常交流，但对他了解不多。”Although Li Ming has failed several times,he never gives up.“尽管李明失败了好几次，但是他从不放弃。”3.People have cut
16、down such a large number of trees that the land changed into desert.意思是“人们砍伐了大量的树，结果土地变成了沙漠。”a number of 意为意为“许多；大量许多；大量”，修饰可数，修饰可数名词复数。修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。名词复数。修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g._ 许多参观者来自欧洲。A number of visitors come from Europe.【辨析辨析】a number of,the number of,a lot of和和plenty ofa number of意为“许多”,相当于m
17、any,后接可数名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。the number of 表示“的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number,谓语动词要用单数。What _the number of the students in your school?About two thousand.A number of them _from the countryside.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;isAa lot of=lots of意为意为“许多；大量许多；大量”，既可修，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。e.g._“很多的树/雨”pl
18、enty of意为意为“大量；众多；充足大量；众多；充足”，既可修，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。e.g._“充足的时间/房子”a lot of/lots of trees/rainplenty of time/houses4.None of us likes pollution.意思是“没有人喜欢污染。”none 意为“全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语。作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也既可用单数也可用复数可用复数。用于回答how many或how much提出的问题。e.g.He has read _.“这些书他一本都没看过。”（none在句中指
19、物）_ like/likes drawing.“我的朋友没有一个喜欢画画。”（none在句中指人）How many students come to school by taxi?“有多少学生乘坐出租车来上学？”_.“一个也没有。”()_of us wants to go to the park today because we have too much homework.A.None B.Both C.All None A none of these books None of my friendsno one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语。作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。用于回答who提出的
20、问题。e.g.No one is here.“没有人在这儿。”Who is in the room?“谁在房中？”_.“没有人。”No one5.The heat from the sun cant escape so the temperature is rising.意思是“来自太阳的热量不能散发，所以温度不断升高。”【辨析辨析】rise,raise和和liftrise 是不及物动词，表示“升起”，相当于go up的意思，过去式是rose，过去分词是risen。raise 是及物动词，表示“使升高；举起”，它的过去式和过去分词都是raised,此外，raise还有“饲养，供养，筹钱”的意思
21、。lift是及物动词，表示“用力举起”。e.g.The sun is _.“太阳在升起。”_ your hands if you have any questions.“如果你们有任何问题请举手。”The robot can _ a truck.“这个机器人可以举起一辆卡车。”The father _ his two children for ten years without others help.“那位父亲在没有别人帮助的情况下抚养他的两个孩子10年了。”rising Raise lift has raised6.The sea seems to have the best answer
22、.意思是“海洋似乎有最好的答案。”seem是系动词，后接形容词构成系表结构，常见结构有：“seem(to be)+形容词”。“seem to+动词原形”，意为“似乎”，表示推测。“It seems+that从句”，表示“似乎，好像”。e.g.The problem of Chinas population still _.“中国的人口问题似乎仍很严重。”It seems that he knows our secret.=_ “似乎他知道我们的秘密。”seems(to be)quite serious He seems to know our secret.7.How can we avoid
23、 a serious water shortage?意思是“我们怎样才能避免严重的水资源短缺呢？”avoid sb.意为“避开某人”avoid sth.意为“避免某事”e.g._ “她似乎在躲避我。”avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。e.g.I tried to _ because he always bored me.“我尽量避免遇到他，因为他总是让我觉得很厌烦。”She seems to be avoiding me.avoid meeting him8.Pass laws against water pollution.意思是“通过法令来反对水污染。”against 是
24、介词，意为“反对，违背，倚靠”。e.g._ “我反对你（的意见）。”Im against you.一、不定代词和副词一、不定代词和副词 不定不定代词代词是指不明确代替某些名词或形容词的代词，如 all,each,every,both,either,neither,none,no,one,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any 以及由some,any,no,every 和body,one,thing构成的合成代词。不定不定副词副词是表示不明确的地方，如somewhere,anywhere,everywhere。二、几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.
25、【辨析辨析】another与与otheranother 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个。other 后面接名词，泛指“别的、其他的”。e.g.Do you have any _ questions?“你还有其他的问题吗？”I dont want this coat.Please show me _.“我不要这件大衣。请给我看看其他的。”other another2.【辨析辨析】the other，others和和the others the other 特指两个中的另一个；还可修饰名词，特指另一些。others泛指其他的人或物，等于“other+名词”。the others 特指确定范围内剩下的
26、全部人或物。e.g.There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,_ are boys.“我们班上有50个学生，其中20个学生是女孩，其他的是男孩。”the othersTom likes swimming,and _ boys in his class like swimming,too.“汤姆喜欢游泳，他班上其他的男孩也喜欢游泳。”He has two sons.One is a worker,_ is a doctor.“他有两个儿子。一个是工人，另一个是医生。”He often helps _.“他经常帮助
27、别人。”the other the other others3.【辨析辨析】few，a few，little和和a little few，a few 修饰可数名词；little/a little 修饰不可数名词。few，little 表示否定意义，意为“没有几个”和“没有多少”。a few，a little 表示肯定意义，意为“有几个”和“有一点”。4.【辨析辨析】every和和each“every单数名词”，表示“每一个”，强调共性、整体，只作定语，形式上为单数，不与of 连用。each 表示“每一个”，强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of 连用。We _ have our own
28、 e-mail address.“我们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。”Not _ child enjoyed the party.“并非每个孩子都喜欢这次聚会。”_ of them has a nice skirt.“她们中每个人都有一条漂亮的裙子。”each every Each5.【辨析辨析】all和和none all意为“全部，都”，表示三者或三者以上。作同位语时，一般放在连系动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。none意为“没有”，表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of，谓语动词用单、复数均可。e.g._ of us is/are afraid of dogs.“我们都不怕狗。”We ar
29、e _ from Canada.“我们都来自加拿大。”None all6.【辨析辨析】both，either和和neither both 意为“两者都”，作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数。neither意为“两者都不”，含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时后跟名词单数。either意为“两者中任何一个”，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时后跟名词单数。e.g.There are trees on _ side of the street.=There are trees on _ sides of the street.“街道两边都有树。”either both_ of
30、the answers is right.“两个答案都不对。”My parents are _ teachers.“我父母都是老师。”相关词组及应用：“both of+名词复数/either of+名词单数/neither of+名词单数”。“bothand，谓语动词用复数形式”。“eitheror/neithernor，谓语动词遵循就近原则”。Neither both三、不定代词和不定副词三、不定代词和不定副词 1.不定代词：指人：someone/somebody anyone/anybody no one/nobody everyone/everybody指物：something anyt
31、hing nothing everything2.不定副词指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere3.一般用法 some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；_in the room.“我看见房间里有人。”any-复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；He hasnt gone _for his holiday.“他没去暖和的地方度假。”I saw someone/somebody anywhere warm no-复合代词/副词表全否定；_in the woods.“树林里没有什么东西。”every-复合代词/副词代替全部；_ “大家都在这儿。”There i
32、s nothingEveryone/Everybody is here.4.特殊用法some-复合代词/副词用于疑问句中时，表希望得到对方的肯定回答或表请求；e.g._ “你要点喝的东西吗？”any-复合代词/副词用于肯定句时，表“任何”；e.g._,they should be punished.“如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应当受罚。Would/Do you like something to drink?If people spit anywhere in public 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；e.g._“一切进展顺利。”如果有定语修饰，定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后
33、；e.g._ “我有重要的事告诉你。”no=not no=not any any nobody=notnobody=notanybody anybody nothing=not nothing=not anythinganythinge.g.She didnt say anything.“她什么也没说。=_Everything goes well.I have something important to tell you.She said nothing.()1.How is Lily in the new school?She is doing very well.There is to
34、worry about.A.nothingB.something C.anything()2.What a great thing to have a robot at home!Robots are really useful.One day they will help people do almost.A.somethingB.everything C.nothing A A B B 聚焦中考聚焦中考()3.he was very tired,he continued working in his office.A.BecauseB.Since C.Although()4.Is here
35、?No.Kate is ill in hospital.A.someoneB.anyone C.everyone()5.Have you had your car for long?Yes.its very old,it still runs well.A.Since B.Because C.AlthoughC C C C C C ()6.How much juice is there in the fridge?.Lets go to the supermarket and buy some after supper.A.None B.Nothing C.Nobody()7.The froz
36、e yogurt tastes like ice cream but has of the fat.It suits me fine.Im on a diet.A.none B.neither C.anyD.some()8.How many students are there in the classroom?.A.No one B.Nobody C.None D.Everyone A A A A C C ()9.Mothers Day is coming.I want to buy a fine watch for my mother,but is fit for her in the shops nearby.A.no one B.nothing C.none D.neither()10.Dont be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake,will you?No,I wont.I know that of us are perfect after all.A.none B.both C.some D.allC C A A
