1、What is the attribute?(什么是定语）什么是定语）a red apple a beautiful girl 形容词作定语形容词作定语 my friend his pen代词作定语代词作定语 a girl in red a man with glasses 介词短语作定语介词短语作定语 apple tree shoe shop 名词作定语名词作定语什么是定语？什么是定语？定语就是用来修饰或限定定语就是用来修饰或限定名词名词或者或者代词代词的的成分成分 the boiling water the watch made in Shanghai.分词作定语分词作定语What is
2、the attributive clause?(什么是定语从句）什么是定语从句）教材P50 1.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.4.The army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangsh
3、an to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.5.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定语，如语，如定语为一个句子定语为一个句子则称为则称为定语从句定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面名词或代词后面。I know the boy.The boy is sitting on the desk.I know the boy who is
4、sitting on the desk先行词先行词关系词关系词 一般结构：一般结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词+从句从句 关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：1.引导引导一个定语从句；一个定语从句；2.在从句中在从句中代替代替先行词；先行词；3.在从句中担任某一在从句中担任某一句子句子成分成分。1.The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.2.But the one million people of the city,who thought
5、 little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.3.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.4.The factory that we will visit next week is not far away from here.5.The place which interested me most was the Childrens Palace.6.The boy whose father is a doc
6、tor is a hard-working student.定语从句是在句子中作定语从句是在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。的从句。这种从句由这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，并作句子成分引导，并作句子成分.因形容词因形容词 通常做定语，所以又称之为通常做定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)
7、，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)小试牛刀：1)The boy _ is standing there is my cousin.2)The man _ you met yesterday is Mr Smith.3)The boy with _ Mary is dancing is my brother.4)The boy _ Mary is dancing with is my brother.
8、5)Those _ work hard will succeed in time.who/thatwho/that/whomwhomwho/that/whomwhoII)1)Children like reading books _ have wonderful pictures.2)A plane is a machine _ can fly.3)The pen _ my uncle gave me is missing.4)The pen _ Im writing with was given by my uncle.5)The pen _ Im writing was given by
9、my uncle.6)This is the factory _ his father works in.=_.which/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwith whichwhich/thatin which his father works 1)先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词all,none,few,little,much,everything,anything,something,nothing等，或被这些词所修饰的时候等，或被这些词所修饰的时候All(that)you have to do is to practise every day.The
10、re isnt much(that)I can do.2)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或形容词的或形容词的最高级最高级所修饰时所修饰时.The first lesson(that)I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.3)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same 等修饰时等修饰时.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want t
11、o read.4)当主句以当主句以who或或 which 开头的开头的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时时,定语从句定语从句that 引导引导.Who is the man that is standing there?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this?5)当关系代词在定语从句中充当当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语表语 时时They are no longer the men that they used to be.6)先行先行词同时包含词同时包含人和物人和物的时候的时候。We talked about the
12、persons and things that we could remember.小试牛刀：1)Anything _ can burn is a source of heat energy.2)This is the very book _ Im looking for.3)They talked about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.4)Which is the book _ you lost?5)This is the best film _ I have ever seen.6)Please get ready
13、 for everything _ we need.7)This is the watch_ I lost yesterday.thatthatthatThat thatthatthat/which关系关系代词在限制性定语从句中代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语 Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.在非限制性定语从句中 Football,which is a very popular game,is played all over the world.1）先行词是先行词是one，the one,ones,anyone,t
14、hose等代词等代词Those who respect others are usually respected by others.2）There be 句型中句型中There are many people who are against the plan.whosewhose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与词与 whosewhose 后的后的名词为所属关系。名词为所属关系。whosewhose多指多指人，也可指物，指物时可与人，也可指物，指物时可与 of of whichwhich互换互换使用使用,即即the+the+名词名词of whichwhomof w
15、hichwhom或或of of which whom which whom the+the+名词。名词。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.The teacher,whose son I work with,is liked by all the stude
16、nts.The chair,the legs of which are broken,is being repaired now.Eg:1.He lives in a house _ windows Eg:1.He lives in a house _ windows face south.face south.=He lives in a house=He lives in a house the windows of the windows of which/of which the window which/of which the window face south.face sout
17、h.2.The book _ cover is green is mine.2.The book _ cover is green is mine.3.The boy _ father is a doctor is 3.The boy _ father is a doctor is warm-hearted.warm-hearted.4.China is country _ population is 4.China is country _ population is the largest.the largest.whosewhosewhosewhose定语从句中的关系副词定语从句中的关系
18、副词：when,where,whywhen,where,why用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空1.This is the school_ Im studying at.2.I will never forget the day on _I first came to Beijin.3.I am live in the house _ my parents once lived in.4.He will never forget the day on _ he joined the Party.5.The factory in _ my father works is in the ea
19、st of the city.6.This is the reason for_ he was absent.自主探究：以上定语从句的引导词：自主探究：以上定语从句的引导词：in which/at which/on which/for which 分别可以换成关系副词：分别可以换成关系副词：_.关系副词引导定语从句关系副词引导定语从句在句子中充当状语表地点，时间或原因，在句子中充当状语表地点，时间或原因，相当于介词相当于介词+关系代词。关系代词。which/thatwhichwhich/thatwhichwhichwhere when whywhichwhenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相
20、当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the league.I joined the league.on whichwherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived t
21、wo years ago.in whichwhywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于于“介词介词for+for+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late.she was late.It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.1.Ill never forget the days _ we stayed together in Qingdao.2.This is the
22、place _we first met.3.I recently went back to the village _ I was born.4.None of us know the reason _ Tom was absent from the meeting.5.The hotel _ we stayed wasnt clean.6.The reason _ he was late was that he missed his train.7.October 2,1980 is the day _ he was born.8.I d like to live in the countr
23、yside _ the air is fresh.whenwherewherewhywherewhywhenwhereIII比较以下几组句子，填上正确的引导词。比较以下几组句子，填上正确的引导词。1.1)Ill remember the day _ we spent together forever.2)Ill remember the day _ we stayed together for ever.2.1)This is the city _ his parents live.2)This is the city _ we visited last year.3.1)Do you kno
24、w the reason _ he was late today?2)Do you believe the reason _he told us for his latenee?归纳总结归纳总结：which/thatwhenwherewhich/thatwhy定语从句引导词选用关系代词还是关系副定语从句引导词选用关系代词还是关系副词不是取决于先行词本身，而是取决于先词不是取决于先行词本身，而是取决于先行词在从句中所充当的句子行词在从句中所充当的句子成分成分that/which限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sister,who is twenty,wo
25、rks in a bank.His father,who is in Beijing now,will come back in 2 days.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系
26、不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。*As 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：eg:1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upset me.2)My son now goes to the school,which I used go to when I was a child.3)Einstein,as is known,is a famous
27、scientist.4)As is reported,China has become an important country in the world.1.Which引导的从句常放在主句之后；而引导的从句常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。句中或句尾。2.Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。指代整个句既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。指代整个句子时相当于子时相当于“and this”or “and that”.译为译为“这一点这一点”。而而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如正如.那样那样”，
28、且，且已形成固定结构。如：已形成固定结构。如：as is known,as is said,as is reported,as is often the case,as is expected.Etc.)当先行词是当先行词是the way(某人干某人干的方式的方式)时，引时，引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式：导定语从句的关系词有三种形式：in which/that/不填不填 Eg：I dont like the way(that/in which/)you speak to you parents.思考比较：思考比较：I cant accept the way_ you deal with th
29、e problem.This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.that/in which/不填不填that/which能力提升：能力提升：Last Friday our school held the Autumn sports meet,which many students took an active part in.Our monitor,who is good at sports,took part in the 1500-meter race and he was the first to reach the fini
30、sh line.We were cheering him on all the time.At last,our class won the first prize in the sports meet,which made us very happy.话题运用话题运用 _is known to all,China with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers,is the third largest country in the world.The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities,among
31、 _the Han Ethnic Group is the largest,making up 94%of the whole.Besides,there are many big rivers in China,the most important of _are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.There was a time _Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world.However,with the development of the economy,the days are gone forever _the Chinese people were looked down upon,_all Chinese are proud of.Aswhichwhichwhenwhenwhich
