1、Unit 5 Languages around the worldDiscovering useful structuresrestrictive relative clauses定语从句定语从句找出定语从句、关系词及关系词在从句中的充当的句子成分。1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to
2、develop in one direction.3.There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.4.These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.状语状语状语状语Step 2.PresentationWhat can you find?关系副词用法 when where why指指时间时间，在定语从句中可以充当时间，在定语从句中可以充当时间状语状语指指地点地点，在定语从句中作地点，在定语
3、从句中作地点状语状语指指原因原因，在定语从句中作原因，在定语从句中作原因状语状语一、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when引导定语从句I will never forget the day when I first saw you.时间我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。when引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示_的名 词，w h e n 在 从 句 中 作 时 间 状 语，相 当 于“介 词in/at/on/during.which”结构。I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time,day,y
4、ear,month,week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。(2)when可以换成“介词in/at/on/during.which”。I still remember the time when_(in_which)I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。I have forgotten the exact date when_(on_which)this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place,room,airport,mountain等)或抽象
5、地点的名词(如case,condition,state,point,situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。关系副词where表示“地点的模糊化”。2.where引导定语从句We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。This is the hotel where they stayed.(2
6、)where可以换成“介词which”。This is the hotel where they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。(in_which)After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in which he grew up as a child.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。3.w
7、hy引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why theyre not doing well.Unsuccessful people can always find reasons for which theyre not doing well.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。(2)why可以用for which来代替。用含有关系副词引导的定语从句合并下列句子用含有关系副词引导的定语
8、从句合并下列句子1Ill never forget the days.We studied together then._2.Give me one good reason.I should help you for the reason._3She is going to live in China.She has some close friends in China._She is going to live in China where she has some close friends.Ill never forget the days when we studied togeth
9、er.Give me one good reason why I should help you.即学即练1(1)用适当的关系词填空This is the place _ we held a party last week.Do you remember the days _ we spent together on the farm?I dont know the reason _ he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.I wont listen to the reason _ you have given us.This i
10、s the place _ we visited last year.Do you remember the days _ we chatted with each other all night?wherethat/whichwhythat/whichthat/whichwhen介词介词+关系代词关系代词“介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。This is the student for whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买
11、书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。They live in a house,of which the windows are made of glass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。介词的选择介词的选择(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Is this the car for_which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的车吗？In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to_whom she c
12、ould turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help)(pay.for sth.)(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。He brought the result with_which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。Do you still remember the day on_which we met for the first time
13、?你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？(on the day)I cant remember the age at_which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age)(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。This is the pilot with_whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。This is the pilot by_whom my so
14、n was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。介词介词+which/whom1.This is the camera with which he often takes photos.2.The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.如果指如果指“人人”，用，用“介词介词whom”如果指如果指“物物”，用，用“介词介词which”What can you find?用适当的介词或关系代词填空。用适当的介词或关系代词填空。1.I will never forget the day _ which I join
15、ed the army.2.Do you like the singer about _ she often talks.3.The moment _ which I made the decision is exciting.4.Have you found the book from _ we learnt a lot?5.Do you know the reason _ which he lost the job?onwhomatwhichfor即学即练2用“介词关系代词”填空This is the man _ I just shook hands.None of us know the
16、 reason _ Tom was absent.Do you remember the day _ you joined our club?There is a big window _ I can see the railway station.with whomfor whichon whichthrough which关系代词和关系副词的选择关系代词和关系副词的选择定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：用法依据根据从句的谓语动词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词根据先行词在从句中所作的成分把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代
17、词；作状语则用关系副词(that/which)表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语状语时，应用关系副词关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词关系代词。I dont believe the reason_he gave me for his being late.(2)同义句转换Ill never forget the day when I joined the party.Ill never forget the day _ I joined the party.The reason fo
18、r which he refused the invitation is not clear.The reason _ he refused the invitation is not clear.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.on whichwhyin whichThis is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。This is the
19、factory(that/which)I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。Is this the museum(that/which)you visited a few days ago?这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(work是不及物动词)(visit是及物动词,缺宾语)(从句缺少宾语)(从句缺少地点状语)用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1.I still remember the day _I became a volunteer.2.This is the palace _ we visited yesterday.3.This is the palace _ we paid a visit yesterday.4.That is the reason _ I did the job.whenthat/whichwherewhyThank You
