1、 Unit 1 Cultural HeritageDiscovering Useful Structures课前准备：课本，学案。积累本，双色笔 Heritage is our legacy from the past,what we live with today,and what we pass on to future generations.World Heritage Centre1.Generally speaking,the writing of poems,stories or plays is often called _(创造性的)writing.2.This has be
2、en my worst time for injuries since I started as a _(职业的)player.3.At 22 Higgins won the World Championship at his first _(尝试)in 1972,and again in 1982.4.You should have a _(均衡的)diet,and you should eat fruit every day,and more vegetables.5.Our _(抗议)was successful,for the Minister agreed to reconsider
3、 the matter.6.After working devotedly in the company for about 20 years,Mr Li got_(晋升)at last.7.The film tells us a story about the mysterious_(消失)of a Chinese deliveryman.8.He is well _(保护)so he looks younger.9.They went from door to door to _(推销)their new products.10.He often thinks of his _(以前的)E
4、nglish teacher who helped him a lot in senior high school.11.Her _(提升)to sales manager made us happy.12.Is human heart weak in _(比较)with the other organs?13.Match the word in column A with the _(解释)in column B.14.He made a _(提议)that the system should be updated every year.15.Do you think we should n
5、ominate Tom as our _(委员会)representative?16.I had learned in the _(系)of English for four years before I graduated.17.Look at the clouds.It is _(可能的)to be rainy tomorrow.18.Thank you for the offer,but I live _(在之内)the walking distance.creativeprofessionalattemptbalancedprotestpromoteddisappearancepres
6、ervedpromoteformerpromotioncomparisonparaphraseproposalcommitteedepartmentlikelywithin1.Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs?1.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United
7、Nations for help.2.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put together again in a place where they were safe from the water.FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society.There comes a time when the old must give
8、 way to the new,and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.Big challenges,however,can sometimes lead to great solutions.In the 1950s,the E
9、gyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods,produce electricity,and supply water to more farmers in the area.But the proposal led to protests.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part
10、 of Egypts cultural heritage.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem,and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.Th
11、e group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community.Experts investigated the issue,conducted several tests,and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved.Finally,a document was signed,and the work began in 1960.2.Find more sen
12、tences containing relative clauses used to describe people or things in greater detail from the text on page 4.The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put back together aga
13、in in a place where they were safe from the water.In 1961,German engineers moved the first temple.Over the next 20 years,thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics.Fifty countries donated nearly$80 million to the project.When the project ended in 1980,it was
14、considered a great success.Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past,but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today.Perhaps the b
15、est example is shown by UNESCO,which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation,the global community can sometimes provide a solution.2.Find more sentences containing relative clauses used to de
16、scribe people or things in greater detail from the text on page 4.3.Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.1.He showed me a photo in his room.It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo_.2.The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.It
17、 was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project team_._3.This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time_.that he showed me in his room was a photo of a famous cultural relics in Egypt.that was formed by members from fifteen countries helped protect the national parts in the Un
18、ited Republic of Tanzania.when the temple was first built was during Qin Dynasty.找到先行词确定主句大小写/代词改写从句放在先行词后确定关系词删除从句中相同词3.Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.Discussing which pronoun can be deleted.4.We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.He explained to us
19、the process of building such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist_._5.The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk.I found them yesterday.The place_._6.Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the
20、 next generation.The reason_._ that we met at the entrance to the great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas is under the desk.why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple i
21、s that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.4.Work in pairs and play a game of definitions.One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses.Work out two more questions of your own.EXAMPLEA:What is an exit?B:An exit is the door where/through which you can le
22、ave a building.-1 What s a library?(from/in which;where)2 What s a good friend?(to whom;who)3 What s a vacation?(during which;when)4 What s a football coach?(from whom;who)5.Recite the following proverbs 1.Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade.2.You can do anything that you set your mind to.
23、3.All that glitters is not gold.4.Time that you enjoy wasting is not wasted time.5.Time is the most valuable thing you can spend.6.We can do anything we want to do if we stick to it long enough.-Helen Keller7.Those who make the worst use of their time are the first to complain of its brevity.8.He wh
24、o knows most knows best how little he knows.-Thomas Jefferson遮荫之树不可砍。只要你下定决心，你就能做到。闪光的未必都是金子。你喜欢浪费的时间不是浪费的时间。间是你能花的最有价值的东西只要我们坚持的时间够长，我们就能做任何我们想做的事。海伦凯勒最不善于利用时间的人，最先抱怨时间短暂。知道得最多的人知道自己知道得最少。杰斐逊 关系代词可指代从句中的成分whowhomwhichthatwhose人主语、宾语人宾语物主语、宾语人、物主语、宾语人、物定语关系副词相当于被代替的先行词在从句中作成分wherewhenwhyin,at等介词+whi
25、ch表示地点的名词at,in,on,during等介词+which地点状语表示时间的名词时间状语for+whichreason原因状语类别作用形式关系代词/副词例句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思不明确紧跟于先行词后，无逗号that/who/whom/which/whose/aswhen/where/whyShe is the girl who wanted to see you.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰一个句子，是对先行词/句子的附加说明，去掉不会影响主句意思用逗号与其修饰的句子/名词或代词隔开不可用that引导，其他的关系代词和关系副词都可以使用且不可省
26、略Hangzhou,which I visited last week,is a beautiful city.1.限制定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别有无逗号能否用that引导从句能否删除先行词是（词/句）限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 能不能 不能 能 词 词/句无有2.重点回顾：1.when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）,time,age,period等。2.where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case,point,situation,condition,scene,stage,position，
27、activity,platform,job,family,race,environment,atmosphere等3.区别which和that(1)先行词是物,关系代词用that，不用which的情况当先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing,all,any,much,many,some,few,little,none等或当先行词被no,some,any,all,much,little等词修饰时，只能用that。To get the job started,all that I need is your permission.He answered few qu
28、estions that were asked by the reporters.当先行词被the only,the very,the same等词修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.This is the very pen that I am looking for.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.当先行词中同时包括人和物时。Im going to talk about the co
29、untries and people that I have visited.当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(2)先行词是物,关系用which，不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中Football,which is an interesting game,is played all over the world.介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。This is the room in which my father lived last year.=This i
30、s the room(that/which)my father lived in last year.4.关系代词和关系副词易错点:1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。Hangzhou is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want to visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）Hangzhou,which I visited last week,is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）2.whose+n.=the+n+
31、of which=of which+the+n.【注意】名词之前必须有the。I live in the room whose window/the window of which/of which the window faces south.A.在这种结构中，若先行词指人，关系代词用whom不能用who；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which不能用that。B.关系代词前介词的选择。(1)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词通常是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。I cant remember the age at which he won the prize.(at the age
32、）(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.（search for）(3)根据定语从句中主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.（be familiar with）(4)根据句子所表达的意思来确定介词The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called
33、oxygen.C.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book which/that you asked for.注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 look for,look after,call on,care for,hear of,take care of等。我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。【正】My youngest sister,whom I have to look after,i
34、s very lovely.【误】My youngest sister,after whom I have to look,is very lovely.5.The way 做先行词:先行词the way在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意不用how,how不能引导定语从句。）先行词the way充当主语、宾语 关系词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。6.the sameas和the samethat:the sameas表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）the samethat表示“同一个”（同一性）I ha
35、ve bought the same watch as you have.我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）7.so/such.that与such.as:so/such.that 用于引导结果状语从句It was such cold that there was nobody on the street.such.as 用于引导定语从句Ive never heard such stories as he told.区别：引导词在从句中不充当成分，则该从句为状语从句，引导词词用th
36、at 引导词在从句中充当成分，则该从句为定语从句，关系词用as1.Is this factory the one(that)you visited yesterday?Is this the factory(that/which)you visited yesterday?2.The old man has three sons,one of whom is a teacher.The old man has three sons,and one of them is a teacher.3.The news(that/which)he told us is true.The news tha
37、t our team won the game is true.4.The doctor did all(that)he could to save the boy.The doctor did what he could to save the boy.5.As is known to the world,Mark Twain was a famous writer.It is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer.What is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a f
38、amous writer.6.You should leave things at the place where you can find them again easily.You should leave things where you can find them again easily.7.It was in this place that he was born.This is the place where he was born.It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together.8.He
39、 is such a good teacher/so good a teacher as we all like.He is such a good teacher/so good a teacher that we all like him.9.This is the first time(that)I have come to Beijing There was a time when I didnt like English.10.The reason why he didnt come yesterday is that he was ill.when/in whichthat/whi
40、chwhere/in whichwhich/thatwhy/for whichthat/which1.Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _we spent together.3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he
41、 gave.whenwherewhywhichwherewhenwherewhywith whom without which under whichof which on whichfor which关系副词填空1.Do you still remember the first day _ you went to high school?2.I paid a visit to Fudan University _ my father studied thirty years ago.3.Do you know the real reason _ Anne didnt go to the ge
42、t-together?4.Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine for _ you asked.5.Peter put himself in a situation _ he had to leave the company.6.There was a time _ my daughter was crazy about pop music.7.The restaurant _ I have eaten a wonderful meal is going to close down.8.There are two main reasons _ this
43、 situation has been allowed to continue.用介词 关系代词填空。1.Who is the person _ _ you just shook hands?2.China is a powerful country,_ _ we are proud.3.This is the tree _ _ we used to play games.4.This is my glasses,_ _ I cant see clearly.5.Do you remember the day _ _ you joined our club?6.Do you know the
44、reason _ _ he lost the job?1.Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.2.In an hour,we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.3.Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else _.（turn to sb.）4.We went to see our teacher
45、 _ husband lost his life in the earthquake.5.The tree _ I thought was dying is sending out new leaves!6.I am very thankful to my parents _ have always encouraged me to play the piano.7.He is the only one of those workers _ was able to do this job.8.Yesterday I ran into a friend _ I havent seen for m
46、any years.that/which/不填which/that(who/whom)she can turn to iswhosethat/whichwho/thatwhom/that/不填who/thatthatin which/that/不填whosewhowhomwhich/that/不填 9.He lost his heart to a pretty girl _ turned out to be the daughter of his enemy.10.That was the same hospital _ I left ten minutes ago.11.The boss,i
47、n _ company my sister works,is kind to his workers.12.We like the way _ he treat others.13.Those _ come late will be punished.14.The girl with _ we talked is good at English.15.The way _ he came up with is practical.wherewhenwhenwherewhythat/whichwhenfromwhom1We visited the house _ the famous scient
48、ist once lived.2The photo reminded me of the days _ I played hideandseek with my brother and I stayed for six years.3It was a period _ they had discussion very frequently.4The problem has come to a point _ everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.6One of the reasons
49、_ he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English was terrible.7Ill never forget the time _ we spent together in the volunteer organization.8Ill never forget the day _ I joined the robot club.9Miss Smith is an excellent teacher _ whom I have learned a lot.10They have two children,both of _ work in large companies.
