1、UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSSection C Discovering Useful Structures动词-ing 形式作定语和表语 要点一：动词-ing形式作定语，包括动名词和现在分词，动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。（1）动名词（短语）作定语 表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作“供用”讲，相当于介词 for 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池 a reading room=a room for reading 阅览室 a washing machine=a machin
2、e for washing 洗衣机 a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖 （2）现在分词（短语）作定语 表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。the boiling water=the water which is boiling 正在沸腾的水 the boy is Tom=the boy is Tom.正在睡觉的男孩是Tom the boy is my younger brother.=the boy is my younger b
3、rother.名师点津 过去分词（done）、现在分词(doing)与 动词不定式(to do)作定语的区别 既学既练 1.Our school went on an (organize)trip last week.2.I cannot go with,for I have a lot of work (do).3.There is a note pinned to the door (say)when the shop will open again.过去分词作定语 (done)表示被动动作已完成The ground is covered with fallen leaves.现在分词作定
4、语（doing)表示主动动作正在发生You should adapt to the changing situation.动词不定式作定语（to do）表示动作尚未发生I am looking for a room to live in.organizedto dosaying 误区警示（1）现在分词（短语）的完成式 having done 一般只用来作状语，不作定语。Having finsished her homework,the little girl began to watch TV.()Having lived in beijing for many years,Carter kn
5、ew the city well.()（2）过去分词（done）、现在分词的被动式(being done)与动词不定式的被动式(to be done)作定语的区别时间状语原因状语过去分词作定语(done)表示被动动作已完成The stadium built last year is the biggest one in our city.去年建造的体育场。现在分词的被动式作定语(being done)表示被动动作正在发生The stadium being built will be the biggest one in our city.现在正在被建的体育场。动词不定式的被动式作定语（to b
6、e done）表示被动动作将要发生The stadium to be duilt will be the biggest one in our city.明年将要被建的体育场将会是。单句语法填空 1）The stadium （build）at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.2）The flowers （smell）sweet in the garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.3）There is a lot of evidenc
7、e （show）that staring at the computer for a long time does harm to our eyes.4）Last night，there were millions of people （watch）the opening ceremony live on TV.being built smelling showing watching 单句写作 6）The park was full of people （他们在阳光下尽情欢乐）.7）The room is empty except for a bookshelf （立在一角）.8）The m
8、an （坐在后面）is Mr Smith.9）Those people （希望加入这个俱乐部）should sign here.enjoying themselves in the sunshine standing in one corner sitting at the back hoping to join this club 要点二动词-ing 形式作表语 用法归纳（1）现在分词（短语）作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。The argument is very convincing.The trip is very tiring.Your speech is
9、 very interesting and encouraging.要点二动词-ing 形式作表语 （2）动名词（短语）作表语，表示抽象的一 般性行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。Her job is painting walls.=Painting walls is her job.One of his weaknesses is telling lies.=Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.要点二动词-ing 形式作表语（3）动名词(doing)作表语和不定式（to do）作表语的区别 动名词（短语）作表语do
10、ing表抽象的一般性的行为His hobby is painting.(一般的习惯的动作)动词不定式作表语to do表一次的或者将要发生的行为Today what he wants to do is to paint.(一次性的具体的动作)His wish is to build up his own studio.(将要发生的)单句语法填空1）It was （astonish）that the shy girl stood up and answered the question.2）Her job is （keep）the lecture hall as clean as possible
11、.3）The situation in our country is （encourage）.4）The problem which he met in the new school is quite （puzzle）5）The situation both at home and abroad is very （inspire）.astonishingkeepinginspiring encouraging puzzling1.Finish your writing after class.2.Surf the Internet for more information about the ralated knowledge after school.
