1、必修一必修一 Welcome Unit八大基本句型八大基本句型主语主语SubjectSubject:谓语动作的发出者，表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物。（名词、代词）谓语谓语V:V:句子的核心，说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。（动词）宾语宾语Object:Object:动作的承受者。（名词、代词）定语定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明状语状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等补足语补足语Complement:Complement:用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态。表语表语Predicative:Predicative:表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征。同位语同位语:若两个
2、语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。1.主谓（不及物动词）主谓（不及物动词）The pen writes well.2.主系表主系表The bike is new.The kind of food tastes delicious.3.主谓宾主谓宾4.主谓宾宾主谓宾宾谓语谓语V:句子的核心，说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。主语主语Subject:谓语动作的发出者，表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物。宾语宾语Object:动作的承受者。主语主语谓语谓语该句型中，谓语动词为不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。不能直接加宾语，但可以接状语。主语主语系系表表该句型中
3、，谓语动词为连系动词，不能表达完整的意思。后可直接跟名词、代词或形容词作表语。2.主系表主系表The kind of food tastes delicious.The bike is new.Her face turned red just now.Lingling keeps active in class.主语主语系系表表该句型中，谓语动词为连系动词，不能表达完整的意思。后可直接跟名词、代词或形容词作表语。连系动词：连系动词：状态类：状态类：be感官类：感官类：look,sound,taste,smell,feel变化类：变化类：become，get,turn,come,go持续类：持续
4、类：keep,stay3.主谓宾主谓宾I usually have breakfast at 7 am.4.主谓主谓+间接间接宾语宾语+直接宾直接宾语语My father bought me a pen.My father bought a pen for me.She showed her friends all her pictures.(如何划分如何划分)主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语该句型中，谓语动词为及物动词，需要跟动作的承受者意义才能完整。主语主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾直宾直宾直宾间宾间宾该句型中，间接宾语为人，该句型中，间接宾语为人，直接宾语为物；常见的双宾直接宾语为物；常见的双宾语动词
5、有：语动词有：buy,pass,lend,buy,pass,lend,give,teach,show,bring,give,teach,show,bring,offeroffer等。等。5.主谓主谓+宾宾+宾补宾补补足语补足语Complement:用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态。表语表语Predicative:表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征。We keep our classroom clean and tidy every day.I saw Jane singing in the garden just now.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语该句型该句型共有两
6、种作用：共有两种作用：1 1、说明宾语的、说明宾语的特点、身份等；特点、身份等；2 2、通过感官知道宾语、通过感官知道宾语做了某事或让宾语去完成某个动作。做了某事或让宾语去完成某个动作。6.主谓主谓+状语状语He hold the camera in front of him.He pushed his parents-in-law down the hill.7.主谓宾主谓宾+状语状语但是有少数几个动词用在SV和SVO结构中,其后必须带有状语,否则意义不明I love you forever.I love you forever.口诀：口诀：主谓宾、定状补、主干枝叶分清楚。主谓宾、定状补、主
7、干枝叶分清楚。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。状语有时谓主前，逗号分开心有数。状语有时谓主前，逗号分开心有数。8.There be 句型存在句(Existential sentence)是一种表示存在的特殊句型.一般现在时：There is/are.一般过去时：There was/were.一般将来时：There will be./There is/are going to be.现在完成时：There has/have been.There are so many students in the classroom.There is a cherry tree
8、 in my garden.除be外,某些表示存在概念的不及物动词如exist,remain,happen,come,stand,lie,live等,也能用于 there-存在句。There appears to be no doubt about it.There lies a river behind the house.按照要求,找出下列句子中的成分1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.(主语)2.There will be a meeting in the library this af
9、ternoon.(谓语)3.The picture is on the wall.(表语)4.I hope to see you again.(宾语)5.He gave me a book yesterday.(直接宾语和间接宾语)6.My brother hasnt done his homework.(谓语)7.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.(宾补)8.The boys playing football are in Class 2.(定语)9.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.(状语)10.There i
10、s a pen and two books on the desk.(主语)Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time?For Tim,that dream has come true!This term,Tim and his classmates are living on a ship!They take the same subjects as
11、 you do,like maths and English.They also learn about ships and the sea.Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship,Tim loves living on the ship.Theres always something exciting to do.And,after a long day of study,he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
