1、专升本英语时态语态专升本英语时态语态 时态v时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式，英语动词常用十二种时态，在专升本英语考试中，时态的考点及重要用法如下：v现在完成时（have/has done）v过去完成时（had done）v将来完成时（will have done）v一般现在时（表将来）一.完成时v完成时在专升本英语考试中是重点考点之一。v（一)完成时分以下几种：现在完成时：由“助动词havehas+动词的过去分词”构成，表示：过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响；过去发生延续到现在的动作或状态；某一时期发生的情况的总和等。常与以下时间状语连用：already,yet,these
2、days,recently,lately,so far,by now,for,since,in/during the past/last.years.v常见考点如下：v1.It has been+一段时间+since.v2.This/It is+最高级/序数词+that从句，从句中的谓语部分用现在完成时，e,g,It isnt the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.我已经不是第一次发现自己处境尴尬了。v（2009)It is the third time I _ to the Palace Mu
3、seum,and I still think it is marvelous.v A.have gone B.go C.have been v D.wll gov（二）过去完成时：由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成，表示：在过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作或状态。常与以下时间状语连用：by+过去某个时间点，如by2001;by the end of last yearmonthweekterm.;by the timewhen+过去时。v 常见考点如下：v1.在对过去事实进行虚拟的if 条件句中，e.g.If I had hurried,I wouldn t have missed the
4、train 要是我当时抓紧的话，就能赶上火车了。（事实上，我错过了火车）v2.在wish 后的宾语从句中，表示“要是.就好了”“但愿.”e.g.I wish I had been there at that time.要是我当时在那里就好了。v（2008）I left very early last night,but I wish I _ so early.v A.didnt leave B.hadnt left C.havent left D.couldnt leavev3.ThisIt wasthe firstsecond time that.从句中的谓语部分用过去完成时，e.g.Thi
5、s was the third time that he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。v4.HardlyScarcely.When.或 No sooner.than.,e.g.No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more.他刚刚睡着，电话铃声再次响起。v5.Plan,think,intend,hope,want,mean 等用过去完成时，表示“打算做而没有做的事情”,e.g.We had planned to attend the meeting,but we
6、 changed our mind.我们本打算参加会议的，但是我们改变主意了。v（三）将来完成时：由“助动词will have+动词的过去分词”构成,表示在将来某一时刻之前或某个动作发生前另一个动作将要结束；有时也表示一种推测，常与以下时间状语连用：byby the end of+将来时间.v（2008）By this time next week,the winners _ their awards.A.will have receive B.Will be received vC.will have received D.will have been receivedv（四）现在完成进行时
7、：由“助动词havehas+been+动词的现在分词”构成，表示：从过去某时刻开始的动作一直持续续到说话时还在进行或可能还继续下去。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。vE.g.Hes been working for the company for 15years.他已经为该公司工作工作15年了。v（2009）Even though they _ side by side for twenty years,the two neighbours are not on good terms.vA.have been lived B.had been living vC.had been lived D.
8、have been living v（2009）The manager _ a rise in salary for ages,but nothing has happened yet.vA.is promised B.is promising vC.has been promising D.promised v（五）过去完成进行时：由“助动词had+been+动词的现在分词”构成，表示：从过去某时刻开始的动作一直持续续到过去的另一时间或可能还继续下去。vE.g.When his father returned home,the little boy had been flying a kit
9、e for two hours.vHe told me that the lawyers had been arguing the case since eight oclock in the morning.v（六）将来完成进行时：由“助动词will have+been+动词的现在分词”构成,表示从某一时刻开始一直持续到将来某一时间。vE.g.By next month he will have been working in our factory for 30 years.v(2009)By the time your plane lands tonight,I _ at the air
10、port for 10 hours.vA.had waited B.have been waited vC.had been waiting vD.will have been waiting二.一般现在时v表示现在存在的特征和状态，习惯动作，经常性动作或表示普遍真理及谚语，通常与表示频率的时间状语连用。如：every week,on Sundays,sometimes,usually,often,twice a week.v考点：当主句用一般将来时，其条件或时间状语从句中可用一般现在时。vE.g.It will be 33 years before we have a chance of s
11、eeing the star again.vAs long as you _ the money back promptly,Ill lend it to you with pleasure.vA.return B.will return vC.have returned D.returned三.一般过去时v常与以下时间状语连用：an hour ago,the other day,in 1987,last year.,just now,in those days 等。v表示：过去某个时间发生或存在的动作、过去经常发生或偶尔发生的动作。常见考点如下：v1.在It is time that.(某人
12、该做某事了）的that 从句中的谓语动词用过去时。E.g.It is time that you went to bed.=It is time for you to go to bed.v2.注意区分used to do(过去常做）和getbebecome used to doing sth.(习惯于做某事)v(20005)My sister is used to _ with all the windows open.A.sleep B.have slept C.sleeping D.Slept四.一般将来时v表示将来某时间要发生的事或存在的状态，也可表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示
13、将来的时间状语连用。表示方法多样：v1.willshall do 将来的动作或状态v2.be going to do 最近打算要做的事或可能要发生的事v3.be to do 必须按计划要进行的v4.be about to do 即将发生（不加将来的时间状语）v5.be doing(常与arrive,leave,come,start)v(2011)No one _ this building without the permission of the police.vA.is leaving B.will be leaving vC.has left D.is to leavev(2009)Yo
14、u _ the difficulties after I explain the whole thing to you.vA.will be seen B.will have seen vC.will see D.see五.过去将来时v表示：从过去某时刻看将要发生的动作，常与宾语从句连用，也可表示过去习惯性动作。如：vWhen he was a child,he would sit there reading for hours.六.现在进行时v表示：1.现在某时刻正在进行的动作v 2.being+adj.n.表示一种暂时的特征或表现，有一定的感情色彩e.g.You are being nau
15、ghty,Tom.Good boys never do that.v 3.表将来的按计划，安排要发生的事或即将开始。七过去进行时v表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。v与always,constantly,forever等状语连用时带有感情色彩，如：She was always finding fault with me.她总是挑我的毛病。Grammar Test 1v1.They _ in London for many years,but they have never regretted their final decision to move back to China.vA.lived B
16、.was living vC.have lived D.had lived v 2.Ava _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.vA.had cried,lost B.cried,had lost vC.has cried,had lost D.cries,has lostv3.Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England la
17、st night.vA.has been caused B.had been caused vC.will be caused D.will have been v4.No one _ this building without the permission of the police.v A.is entering B.will be entering vC.has entered D.is to enterv5.My roommate got used to _ with all the windows closed in summer at that time.vA.sleep B.ha
18、ve slept vC.sleeping D.Sleptv6.It is time that you _abroad for further study to broaden your horizon just like Huangxi did.vA.go B.to go C.went D.will go v7.As soon as you _ London,Ill go to the airport to pick you up.vA.arrive at B.will arrive vC.have arrived D.arrive inv8.By next month,I _ at the
19、university for 2 years.vA.had studied B.have been studying vC.had been studyingvD.will have been studyingv9.When Mr.Smith returned home,his little son _ a kite for two hours.vA.had been flying B.has been flyingvC.had flown D.flewv10.My mother _ to buy me a laptop,but nothing has happened yet.vA.is p
20、romised B.is promising vC.has been promising D.promised v 11.By this time next month,the winners _ their awards.v A.will have receive B.Will be received v C.will have received D.will have been receivedv12.This was the third time that he _ the same mistake.vA.was to make B.had madevC.will have made D
21、.madev13.No sooner _ than the telephone rang once more.vA.had he gone to sleep B.he went to sleepvC.he had gone to sleep D.did he go to sleepv14.I left very early last night,but I wish I _ so early.vA.didnt leave B.hadnt left vC.havent left D.couldnt leavev15.It is the second time I _ to the Summer Palace,and I still think it is marvelous.v A.have gone B.go vC.have been D.wll go
