1、 病理学与病理生理学教研室病理学与病理生理学教研室 梁俊晖梁俊晖 email：liangjunhui- Tel：13826380927（610927）QQ：1276175局部血液循环障碍局部血液循环障碍细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.概概 述述1 正常的血液循环和体液内环境是保证组正常的血液循环和体液内环境是保证组织细胞健全的必要条件。织细胞健全的必要条件。血液供应紊乱或体液平衡障碍都可导致血液供应紊乱或体液平衡障碍都可导致组织器官的充血、出血
2、以及血栓形成、栓组织器官的充血、出血以及血栓形成、栓塞、甚至梗死，是人类死亡的重要原因。塞、甚至梗死，是人类死亡的重要原因。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.实验内容实验内容1234实验目的与原理实验目的与原理实验材料实验材料实验方法实验方法注意事项注意事项细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.第一节第
3、一节 充血充血一一.动脉性充血动脉性充血 器官或组织因器官或组织因动脉动脉输入血量的增多而发生输入血量的增多而发生的血管内血液含量增多的状态，简称的血管内血液含量增多的状态，简称充血充血（hyperemia）。特点：特点：主动过程主动过程、发生快、易于消退。、发生快、易于消退。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.一、动脉性充血一、动脉性充血原因及类型原因及类型1.1.生理性充血生理性充血 为适应器官和组织生理需要和代谢增强需要而发生的为适应器官和组
4、织生理需要和代谢增强需要而发生的充血。充血。2.2.病理性充血病理性充血 减压后充血减压后充血：长期受压的器官或组织，当压力突然：长期受压的器官或组织，当压力突然解除时，细动脉发生反射性扩张。解除时，细动脉发生反射性扩张。炎性充血炎性充血：由于致炎因子或炎症介质引起的细动脉：由于致炎因子或炎症介质引起的细动脉扩张。扩张。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.一、动脉性充血一、动脉性充血病理变化病理变化肉眼肉眼器官、组织体积稍增大，颜色鲜器官、组织体积
5、稍增大，颜色鲜红，局部温度升高。红，局部温度升高。光镜光镜局部细动脉及毛细血管扩张充血。局部细动脉及毛细血管扩张充血。后果后果 短暂反应，一般恢复正常。少数出现血短暂反应，一般恢复正常。少数出现血管破裂。管破裂。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.一、动脉性充血一、动脉性充血 眼结膜充血眼结膜充血细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scie
6、ntific summary.第一节第一节 充血充血二二.静脉性充血静脉性充血 器官或局部组织静脉回流受阻，血液淤积器官或局部组织静脉回流受阻，血液淤积在小静脉和毛细血管内，简称在小静脉和毛细血管内，简称淤血淤血(conges-(conges-tiontion)。特点：病理性、特点：病理性、被动过程被动过程、发生缓慢、持、发生缓慢、持续时间长。续时间长。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血原因原因1.1.生理状态下的淤血
7、生理状态下的淤血 妊娠子宫压迫髂静脉引起下肢及盆腔淤血，长久站立妊娠子宫压迫髂静脉引起下肢及盆腔淤血，长久站立引起的下肢淤血。引起的下肢淤血。2.2.病理状态下的淤血病理状态下的淤血静脉受压静脉受压静脉管腔阻塞静脉管腔阻塞静脉血液坠积静脉血液坠积心力衰竭心力衰竭二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血病理变化病理变化肉眼肉眼光镜光镜体积体积颜色颜色温度温度小动脉小动脉毛细血管毛细血管小静脉小静脉充血充血淤血淤血增大增大暗红暗红/青紫青紫下降下降扩张充血扩张充血扩张充血扩张充血增大增大鲜红鲜红升高升高扩张充血扩张充血扩张充血扩张充血后果后果血管血管 静脉压静脉压 毛细血管毛细血管 通透性通透性器官器官 实质
8、细胞实质细胞 间质细胞间质细胞血浆漏出血浆漏出血细胞漏出血细胞漏出纤维纤维缺氧缺氧 营养不良营养不良 代谢产物代谢产物细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血重要器官淤血重要器官淤血1.1.肺淤血肺淤血原因原因左心衰竭左心衰竭病变病变肉眼肉眼光镜光镜临床临床缺氧、气促、发绀、粉红色泡沫痰缺氧、气促、发绀、粉红色泡沫痰暗红、实重、切面红色泡沫暗红、实重、切面红色泡沫肺水肿和出血肺水肿和出血肺泡壁毛细血管小静脉扩张肺泡壁毛细血管
9、小静脉扩张心力衰竭细胞心力衰竭细胞细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血肺淤血肺淤血粉粉红红色色泡泡沫沫痰痰细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血肺淤血肺淤血正常肺组织正常肺组织心衰细胞心衰细胞细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结
10、。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血慢性肺淤血慢性肺淤血细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血2.2.肝淤血肝淤血原因原因右心衰竭右心衰竭病变病变肉眼肉眼光镜光镜临床临床肝肿大、压痛肝肿大、压痛暗红、实重、切面隆起（槟榔肝）暗红、实重、切面隆起（槟榔肝）中央静脉、肝窦扩张中央静脉、肝窦扩张肝细胞脂变、萎缩、
11、消失肝细胞脂变、萎缩、消失纤维组织增生（淤血性肝硬化）纤维组织增生（淤血性肝硬化）二、静脉性充血二、静脉性充血肝淤血肝淤血细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.TitleAdd your textThemeGallery is a Design Digital Cont
12、ent&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.Cycle DiagramTextTextTextTextTextCycle nameAdd Your Text细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramTextT
13、extTextAdd YourTitle TextText 1Text 2Text 3Text 4Text 5Add YourTitle TextText 1Text 2Text 3Text 4Text 5TextText细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramConceptAdd Your TextTextTextTextTextTextText细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observat
14、ion,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your Text细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramAdd Your TitleAdd Your TitleAdd Your TitleTh
15、emeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observati
16、on,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.TextText细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis a
17、nd scientific summary.Marketing Diagram细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextAdd Your TextText细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scienti
18、fic summary.Diagram1ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.2ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.3ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分
19、析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramYour TextYour TextYour TextYour TextYour TextYour TextYour TextYour Text2001200220032004细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.DiagramThemeGallery is a Design Digital Cont
20、ent&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientifi
21、c summary.Block DiagramTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.TableTitleTitleTitleTitleTitleTitleOOOOOTitleOOOOOTitleOOOOOTitleOOOOOTitleOOOOOTitleOXOXO细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.3-D Pie ChartText1Text2Text3Text4Text5细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.Block DiagramAdd Your Text 病理学与病理生理学教研室病理学与病理生理学教研室 梁俊晖梁俊晖 email：liangjunhui- Tel：13826380927（610927）QQ：
