1、定语从句定语从句 一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被 修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句 的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副 词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定 语从句和非限制性定语从句。语从句和非限制性定语从句。 基本概念基本概念 先行词是物先行词是物 先行词是人先行词是人 定语定语 地点地点 状语状语 时间时间 状语状语 主主 宾宾 主主 宾宾 关关 系系 代代 词词 which that who whom whose 关关 系系 副副 词词 where
2、when why 原因状语原因状语 1.图片对齐 在我们插入PPT图片或是输入文字的时候，为了整齐都需要将插入的文本框对齐 ，但是又不想一个一个的进行操作，这时按住Ctrl键将需要进行对齐的文本选中 ，点击开始排列对齐垂直居中即可； 2.巧用格式刷 在制作PPT的时候为了保证PPT风格的统一，很多任通常会使用复制粘贴来确保 每一页PPT格式相同，这样对于少页数来说可以进行操作，但是碎玉多页面的话 就有点麻烦了，其实我们可以巧用格式刷：首先，在开始菜单栏下方有一个格式 刷，点击格式刷，很快就能看到效果； 3.去除所有动画效果 很多人在制作PPT的时候都是直接在模板库里下载模板进行使用的，但是下载
3、的 模板大多数都是有幻灯片的，这样在演讲的时候很不方便，怎样将其进行去除呢 ？单击幻灯片放映选择设置幻灯片放映，放映类型选择演讲者放映；换片方式 选择手动即可； 4.PPT快键 PPT逼格提升技巧逼格提升技巧 关系词关系词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 that which whom whose as when why who where 正确使用关系正确使用关系 词词 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 指指 代代 人或物人或物 功功 能能 指指 代代 时间时间 地点地点 原因原因 功功 能能 选择依据：选择依据： 1) 弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、弄清关系词在
4、从句中作什么成分，是主语、 宾语、定语还是状语宾语、定语还是状语 2) 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、 地点、原因地点、原因 3) 判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的 (只有只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句不能引导非限制性从句) (主句主句)The girl is Mary. 1.The girl is reading a book. 2.Everyone likes the girl . The girl is Mary. who is reading a book whom everyone likes 3
5、.The girls hair is gold. whose hair is gold that who that ( ) (主句主句)The book is on the desk. 1.The book belongs to Mary. 2.Mary likes the book most. 3.The books cover is blue. The book is on the desk. which belongs to Mary which Mary likes most whose cover is blue that that ( ) 关系代词that和which 在很多情况下
6、可以互换， 但哪些情况只能用that? 考点一 1.All that can be done has been done. 2.There is no difficulty that we cant overcome. 3.This is the first letter that Ive written in English. 4.This is the most exciting trip that I have ever experienced. 5.They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visite
7、d. 1)当先行词是不定代词时，如：当先行词是不定代词时，如：all, few, everything, anything, nothing, much, little,none等。等。 2)先行词前先行词前有有no, all, few, little, the only, one of, every, very等词修饰时。等词修饰时。 3）先行词是序数词或被序数词先行词是序数词或被序数词first, last, next等修饰时。等修饰时。 4）先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最 高级修饰时。高级修饰时。 5）当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物
8、时。 只用只用that不用不用which的情况：的情况： A)that B) which C)who D)whom E)省略省略 多项选择多项选择 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields. 2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate. 3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for. 4.This is the second novel _ I have
9、 ever read. 5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me. A A AE A AE 有哪些情况关系代词不用有哪些情况关系代词不用 thatthat，而用，而用whichwhich，whowho， whomwhom? ? 考点二考点二 1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which， 指人用指人用who或或whom. He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry. Yesterday I bought a dictiona
10、ry,_ cost me more than 100 yuan . Mr. Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago, will come again. My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for a long time. which which who whom Fill in the blanks 1.Her bag, in _she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on _she spent 1000 dolla
11、rs. 3.Xiao Wang, with _I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much. 2、在介词后面，指事物用、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用，指人用 whom. which which whom 在定语从句中如何正 确判断与使用介词? 考点三考点三 1. The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 2. He is the man _ whom I think you can depend . 3. He ref
12、erred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar. 方法方法1.1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配 for on with Fill in the blanks 方法方法2.2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭 配配 1.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house. 2.The librarian _whom I ju
13、st shook hands works heart and soul. through with 方法方法3 3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先 行词搭配行词搭配 1.The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased. 2.This is our classroom ,_（在（在 前面）前面） which there is a teachers desk. at in the front of 关系副词关系副词 When=on(in, during)which where=on(in,
14、 in front of)which Why=for which 关系副词关系副词 与与 介词介词+关系代词的替代关系代词的替代 名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少? 考点四考点四 1.The committee consists of 20 members and 5 of them are women. 2.The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s. 3.I have a sentence, and the meaning of it I dont understand. The
15、 committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s. I have a sentence, the meaning of which I dont understand. Rewrite the following sentences 名词名词/ /代词代词/ /数词数词+ + of 表示物用表示物用 which 表示人用表示人用 whom Conclusion 如何恰当使用 when ,where , wh
16、y与 which, that引导的定 语从句? 考点五考点五 1.1. 先行词是表示先行词是表示地点地点, ,时间时间, ,原因原因的名词或含的名词或含 有有地点地点, ,时间时间, ,原因意义的抽象名词，原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导用来引导 定语从句定语从句. .when ,where, why在从句中作在从句中作状状 语语 相当于相应的相当于相应的介词介词+which 2.2. 若定语从句缺若定语从句缺主语主语或或宾语宾语，用，用which或或 that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 Conclusion The library _ you visited yesterday was bui
17、lt in 1990. This is the town _I spent my childhood. where/in which (which/that) Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. when/on which (which/that) This is the reason _ I didnt come here. why / for which The reason _ she gave was not true. (w
18、hich/that) 如何用好whose 引导的定语从句? 考点六考点六 whose表示所属关系表示所属关系 The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. whose There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose as 和 which 的区 别知多少？ 考点七考点七
19、asas引导的引导的限制性限制性定语从句定语从句 此时先行词前常被此时先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，修饰， 即构成即构成suchas , the sameas, soas, asas 结构，做题时容易结构，做题时容易 忽略。忽略。 提示：提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中 出现出现as, 请先考虑是否考查请先考虑是否考查as 引导的定语引导的定语 从句。从句。 as 作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句， 又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在
20、从句中做主语、 宾语或表语宾语或表语. 1、用于非限制性、用于非限制性定语从句定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和和 which 可以换用。可以换用。 He left her, _was strange. 2、as 引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于 句首，句中和句尾。句首，句中和句尾。 _ everyone knows, Tom is good at English. 3、非限制性、非限制性定语从句定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。作主语。 as is sai
21、d/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussed等。等。 _ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. 4、as引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句 式中多用式中多用as: as/which As As as is well known/ is known to all as has been said before as has been already pointed out as we all can se
22、e as is expected/ hoped/ supposed as is often the case as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有 众所周知众所周知 如前所述如前所述 正如已经指出的正如已经指出的 正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的 正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/ 希望的希望的/料想的料想的 情况常常如此情况常常如此 5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能 置于句尾。置于句尾。 The decision was right, which was exactly what he wan
23、ted. 6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词） 从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。 The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting. as as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 The earth is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth
24、 is round. _ is known to all that the earth is round. It which / as As It as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected 定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as, 四四. . as在定语从句中的灵活运用在定语从句中的灵活运用 as as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 This is such an interesting book _ we
25、all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it. as that Please complete the following sentences and compare: as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。( (定语从句定语从句) ) 这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(
26、(结果状语从句结果状语从句) ) 1. 1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较： He is the only one of the students who _ here just now. He is one of the students who _ here just now. 2.2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：定语从句与并列结构。试比较： He has two sons, neither of _ looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of _ looks like him. 考
27、点八考点八定语从句定语从句运用中的注意点运用中的注意点 was were whom them 3、是用、是用the one还是用还是用that , which, where. （1）Is this school _ you study? （2）Is this the school _ you study in? （3）Is this the school _ you study? （4）Is this school _ is a senior one? A. that/which B. where C. the one D. the one where E. the one that / wh
28、ich 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。 若缺表语，则必须用若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看的形式，接着再看the one在从句在从句 中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语，若作主语 或宾语时，则用或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which) D A B E 4、是用、是用when还是用还是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together. （2）May 1 is the
29、day _ i joined the army. A. that/ which B. when 当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语 时，用时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用若作主语或宾语时，就用 that/ which. A B 5. where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如： 1)Ive come to the point _I cant stand him. 2)Hes got himself into a dangerous sit
30、uation _he is likely to lose control over the plane. 在这两句中，在这两句中，where 引导的定语从句分别引导的定语从句分别 修饰修饰point和和situation, 表示抽象意义“到了某种表示抽象意义“到了某种 地步，在某种境况中”。地步，在某种境况中”。occasion, state, case, condition, stage where where 6、定语从句与强调结构的区别、定语从句与强调结构的区别 （1）It was in this house _ he was born. （2）It was the house _ he
31、 was born. （3）It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there 判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影若整个句子结构和意义不受影 响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。 B A C 7、定语从句与其他从句的区别、定语从句与其他从句的区别 （1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则）定
32、语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则 是定语从句，试比较：是定语从句，试比较：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you. （2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分， 作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试 比较：比较：He
33、is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him. （3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成 分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从 句。试比较：句。试比较：The news that he had been back surprised us all. The news (
34、that) he told us surprised us all. 8、way 后面的定语从句（用后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）：或省略）： Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job. what从句从句& &that 1What he told me is really true 他所告诉我的确实是真的。他所告诉我的确实是真的。 The _ _he told me is really true 2They are just what I want 这些正是我所想要的。这些正是我所想要的。 They
35、 are just _ _ I want 3Well use what we have to get a new dress for you我们要倾其所有为你买一件新衣服。我们要倾其所有为你买一件新衣服。 Well use _ _ we have to get a new dress for you thing that things that all that 与与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象 名词，如名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。等。 We all have heard the news that our team won. We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句
