1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 专题三 推理判断题 Passage 12017 甲卷 (全国 ),D 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 植物如何进行自我保护 289 6 分钟 When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that
2、 neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being a
3、ttacked. It s a plant s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the
4、 attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer becau
5、se they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear“ t
6、he cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的 ) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on. 32.What does a plant do when
7、it is under attack? A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly. D. It sends out certain chemicals. 33.What does the author mean by “the tables are turned“ in paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plant
8、s get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can . A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects C. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary 35.What can we infer from the las
9、t paragraph? A. The world is changing faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before. C. The world is more complex than it seems. D. People in Darwin s time were more imaginative. Passage 22017 浙江 ,B 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 晚睡的坏习惯 211 6 分钟 Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for mos
10、t American kids. According to a new survey(调查 )by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day,
11、 and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的 ). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey f
12、ound that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV. “More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会 )to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,“
13、 says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not on
14、ly make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm. Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Min
15、nesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on? A. American kids sleeping habits. B. Teenagers sleep-related diseases. C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D.
16、 Learning problems and lack of sleep. 26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day? A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 18 hours. 27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon? A. They are affected by certain body chemicals. B. They tend to do things that excite them.
17、C. They follow their parents examples. D. They don t need to go to school early. Passage 32016 北京 ,B 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 记叙文 小人物大作为 356 6 分钟 Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪 ) Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach. Natalie can see t
18、he ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,“ she says. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly be
19、fore the city s bridges closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie s school was so damaged that she had to
20、 temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to
21、 deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can t control what happens to me,“ Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.“ Natalie s choice was to help. She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors
22、who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick s collection was replaced. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basket
23、ball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the scars(创痕 ) of destructio
24、n are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,“ Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.“ 59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she fo
25、und . A.some friends had lost their lives B.her neighborhood was destroyed C.her school had moved to Brooklyn D.the elderly were free from suffering 60. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most? A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings. C.The volunteers donating money to survivors. D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 61.How did Natalie help the survivors? A.She gave her toys
