1、Grammar in U1M5 The grammar items in this unit focus on the to infinitive,the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form as a noun.We are expected to recognize the basic forms of the to infinitive and the bare infinitive and learn how to use them in different situations.We will also learn how to use the
2、verb-ing form as a noun in various situations.At the same time,we are expected to apply what we have learnt by doing some written tasks.To infinitive nfntv The to infinitive is to+the base form of a verb,e.g.,to do and to work.It can be used alone or as part of an infinitive phrase.1.The to infiniti
3、ve can be:A.the subject To find a best friend is difficult.=It is difficult to find a best friend.B.the object I need to sleep for eight hours every night.常跟不定式作宾语的动词：常跟不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选计划，主动答应选计划，同意请求
4、帮一帮同意请求帮一帮offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help C.the object complement I asked him to come over.有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即作宾补，即“动词动词/动词短语宾语动词短语宾语to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：有：advise建议建议 allow允许允许 ask询问；要求询问；要求 beg恳求恳求 cause导致导致 encourage鼓励鼓励 permit准许准许 forbid禁止禁止 force强迫强迫 i
5、ntend打算打算 invite邀请邀请 order命令；要求命令；要求 persuade说服说服 prefer更喜更喜欢欢 require需要；要求需要；要求 teach教教 remind提醒提醒 tell告诉告诉 want想要想要 warn警告警告 wish希望；想要希望；想要 wait for等待等待 call on号召；要求号召；要求 depend on依依靠靠 D.the attributive trbjtv I have a very important meeting to attend.E.the predicative prdktv His aim was to cheer
6、me up.F.the adverbial dv:bl You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.2.The to infinitive can also have a continuous kntnjus or perfect form.Things seem to be getting better.John pretended not to have seen me.主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式无无to do to be done to have done to have
7、 been done to be doing Bare infinitive Another kind of infinitive is the bare infinitive.It is the infinitive without to 1.We use the bare infinitive after:A.let and make and sometimes have I let her borrow my book.She made me promise to write every day.The teacher often has his students read aloud
8、in class.B.verbs of perception psepn:feel,hear,see and watch I saw her talk to her new friends.下列动词接省略下列动词接省略to的动词不定式的动词不定式作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：一感一感(feel)，二听，二听(hear,listen to)，三让，三让(let，have,make)，五看，五看(see,notice,observe,watch,look at)，半帮助，半帮助(help)，但在变为，但在变为被动语态时需加被动语态时需加to。Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态主
9、动语态)没人看见他进来。没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。有人看见小偷进了银行。Tip:Verbs of perception can also be used with verb-ing but with different meanings.I saw her talk to her new friends.(I witnessed the whole conversation.)I saw her talking to her new friends.(When I saw her,
10、she was talking to her new friends.I might or might not have witnessed the whole conversation.)C.would rather,had better and why not I would rather go swimming You had better tidy your bedroom.Why not visit your cousin in Japan?2.When two infinitives are joined by and,or,except,but,than or rather th
11、an,we sometimes use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive.She told me to be cheerful and look on the bright side（对坏情况（对坏情况）持乐观态度，看到光明的一面）持乐观态度，看到光明的一面.Do you want to go shopping or watch a film?We had nothing to do but watch TV.I decided to write rather than phone.Verb-ing form as a noun 1.V
12、erb-ing forms can be used like nouns.They can be used A.as the subject of a sentence when we talk about an action in a general way Swimming is good for your health.B.as the object of a sentence when we talk about an action in a general way I love swimming in the sea during the summer.C.after preposi
13、tions I keep fit by swimming every day.2.We use a verb-ing form,not an infinitive,after these verbs admit dislike imagine delay consider mind understand avoid enjoy practise miss finish keep suggest考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想承认推迟没得想consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put of
14、f,fancy避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏否认完成就欣赏avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免不禁介意准避免forbid/avoid,imagine,risk;cant help(禁不住禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape 3.Some common phrases are used with verb-ing forms.A.cannot help I cannot help wondering why she does n
15、ot like me.B.look forward to I look forward to seeing you at the party.C.feel like I dont feel like doing anything now.D.cannot stand She cannot stand seeing that boy.E.put off I have to put off shopping till tomorrow.F.keep on He kept on asking me for my phone number.类似的还有类似的还有:be/get used to(习惯于习惯
16、于),insist on(坚持坚持),get down to(开始认真做某事开始认真做某事),devote.to.(致力于致力于),object to(反对反对),stick to(坚持坚持),give up(放弃放弃)lead to 导致导致 4.We can use a verb-ing form or a to infinitive after the following verbs,with little difference in meaning.continue prefer begin hate like start love 5.Some verbs can be follow
17、ed by a verb-ing form or a to infinitive,but with some difference in meaning or usage.We need to make sure we use the correct form.forget regret remember mean try A.forget+to infinitive (The to infinitive here refers to an action that has not been done.)He forgot to close the door when he left.B.for
18、get+verb-ing form (The verb-ing form here refers to an action that has been done.)Ill never forget winning my first gold medal.C.regret+to infinitive(This is a polite way to say that youre sorry or sad about a situation.)I regret to inform you that the flight has been cancelled.D.regret verb-ing for
19、m(This means you feel sorry about something that you have done.)I regretted telling him about the accident.Ma Yan is writing a short e-mail to her friend,Xu Dong,about her views on chat rooms.Read her notes and help her complete the e-mail.Notes first visit:a year ago regular chats:2 months later ch
20、at every day pretend Im someone else dont talk to real friends as much as before sometimes chat all evening mum stops me at about 10 p.m.didnt do homework must pass exams,or mum will sell computer make a change I first began(1)_ Internet chat rooms about a year ago.I started(2)_ regularly about two
21、months later,and now I chat on the Internet daily.I love(3)_ chat rooms because sometimes I feel like(4)_ to be someone else online.I love to create a new identity for myself.visiting/to visitchatting/to chatvisiting/to visitpretending Soon after visiting the chat rooms,I began to talk less to my re
22、al friends.I thought they were less exciting than my online friends.I usually enter the chat room at about 8 p.m.and continue(5)_ all evening,sometimes until midnight.But usually my mum makes me(6)_ at about 10 p.m.chatting/to chatstop Mum discourages me from(7)_online.She says I spend an absurd(不合理
23、的，不恰当不合理的，不恰当的）的）amount of time doing so.My friends say so too.Maybe theyre right.Last week,I even forgot(8)_ my homework.Mum says I had better(9)_ my exams,or she will sell the computer as a punishment.Although I have fun with my online friends,I know chattingto do pass that my real friends are mor
24、e important than my online friends.So,Im considering(10)_ a change.making C1.Look at what Tom did yesterday.Pay attention to the star that he used to indicate the most important thing he did.Then answer the questions below using to infinitives.P92 In the morning 6.00 Got up 6.30 Had breakfast 7.00 W
25、ent to work 8.30 Attended a meeting10.00 Had an interview with Mr White 11.00 Posted a letter to my sister 11.30 Invited Tony to have dinner In the afternoon 2.30 Sent e-mails to my customers 5.00 Bought some eggs in the supermarket on my way home from work 6.00 Went to Mr.Henrys to repair his compu
26、ter and return his books 1.What was the most important thing Tom did yesterday?The most important thing Tom did yesterday was _._ was the most important thing Tom did yesterday.to have an interview with Mr WhiteTo have an interview with Mr White.2.Why did Tom go to the post office?Because he had a l
27、etter _.3.What did Tom invite Tony to do with him?He invited Tony _with him.to post to his sisterto have dinner 4.Why did Tom go to the supermarket?He went to the supermarket _.5.Why did he go to Mr Henrys?He went to Mr Henrys _to buy some eggsto repair his computer and return his books.C2.Fill in t
28、he blanks,using the correct forms of the words in brackets.1.One girl in the UK,Sarah,regretted _(chat)online after her online friend turned out to be a boy from her class playing a joke on her.2.Sarah said that she wanted _(make)some new friends,so she entered an Internet chat room.chattingto make
29、3.She remembered _(discuss)music with a girl,who called herself Joanne dun.4.The two met up often in the chat room,and after some time,Joanne wanted _(meet)Sarah in real life.5.Sarah felt nervous and excited on the bus journey _(see)her new friend.discussingto meetto see 6.When she arrived,she was s
30、hocked _(discover)that her new friend was a boy and that she already knew him.7.Sarah felt like _(cry)when she found out that she had been chatting online with a boy called Joe from her class.8.Joe explained that he did not mean _(hurt)Sarah.He just wanted to play a joke on her.to discovercryingto hurt
