1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 学案 (九 ) 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型 被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在写作中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给作文增色添彩。 一、用英文思维的被动语态 英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。一般说来，当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以考生在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。 1主动语态变被动语态 We can borrow at most five books at a tim e, and we can keep them for te
2、n days. At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days. When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish. When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish. 2写作中常见的被动语态 (1)be过去分词 (be 可使用各种时态 ) T
3、he exhibition will be held from 9： 00 am to 5： 00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.(2017 全国卷 书面表达 ) 展览将于后天上午 9 时至下午 5 时在美术馆举行。 Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014 江苏高考书面表达 ) 当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。 (2)情态动词 be过去分词 To improve the air quality, the
4、 use of private cars should be reduced. 为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。 As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now. 正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。 (3)get过去分词 The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.(2014 北京高考满分作文 ) 通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。 I m feeling v
5、ery sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit 【 精品教育资源文库 】 Yunnan in July, because my left foot got injured.(2014 北京高考满分作文 ) 我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的左脚受伤了。 即时演练 句型转换 (主动语态变被动语态 ) 1 Above all, we must do something to stop pollution. Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_p
6、ollution. 2 It is true that many things determine our future. It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things. 3 The boss made him work all day long. He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long. 4 I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds. It_i
7、s_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds. 二、委婉动听的虚拟语气 虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一，在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作文中，不常需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件，而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点的客观性。 1陈述语气变虚拟语气 I didn t take his advice, so I failed in the exam. If I had taken his advice, I wouldn t ha
8、ve failed in the exam. It s time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals. It s time that we took/should take measures to protect endangered animals. 2写作中常见的虚拟语气 (1)if 型虚拟语气， “ 如果 ? ，就 ?” Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.(2014 安徽高考满分作文 ) 第二，如果我
9、是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。 (2)wish 型虚拟语气， “ 希望 ?” Besides, I wish there wouldn t be too many students in a class.(2014 全国卷 书面表达 ) 另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。 (3)as if/though 型虚拟语气， “ 好像 ?” Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just 【 精品教育资源文库 】 happened. 童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中，仿佛刚刚发生似的。 (4)if
10、 only 型虚拟语气， “ 要是 ? 就好了；但愿 ?” If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015 重庆高考写作 ) 要是我能够回到过去重新制订目标该有多好。 (5)It s (high/about) time (that) .型虚拟语气， “ 是 ? 的时候了 ” It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make some changes. 确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出一些改变的时候了。 (6)(should) do 型虚拟语
11、气， “ 应该 ?” To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.(2015 四川高考满分作文 ) 为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国 人一起练习。 (7)without/but for/but that 含蓄型虚拟语气， “ 没有 ? ，要不是 ?” Without your help, we couldn t have finished the work ahead of time. 要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项任务。 即时演练 用虚拟语气补全句子 1看我现在所
12、处的糟糕境地！要是我听了你的建议就好了！ Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice! 2如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。 If_she_had_been_here_five_minutes_earlier/Had_she_been_here_five_minutes_earlier,_she would have seen her old friend. 3建议每个人都应该多吃水果和蔬菜。 It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat more
13、 fruit and vegetables. 4如果当时听我的劝告，你现 在就不会有麻烦了。 If you had_taken my advice then, you wouldn t be in trouble now. 5是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。 It s high time that we_made/should_make_up_our_minds to study hard. 三、不比不知道的倍数和比较句型 表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提高表达的准确性，提升文章的档次。 1倍数 as形容词 /副词原级 (名词 ) as 【 精品教育资源文库
14、】 After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year. 引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。 2 the比较级 .， the比较级 .“ 越 ? ，就越 ?” The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.(2015 广东 高考满分作文 ) 老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。 3比较级 th
15、an any (other)名词单数 .“ 比任何其他的都 ?” Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class. 迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。 4 prefer . to .“ 喜欢 ? 胜过 ?” As for “wild release” and “controlled release” ， I prefer the latter one to the former one.(2015 重庆高考满分作文 ) 对于 “ 自由分享 ” 和 “ 定向分享 ” ，我喜欢后者胜过前者。 5 be senior/jun
16、ior to “ 比 ? 年长 /年龄小； (地位或级别等 )比 ? 高 /低 ” Mr. Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company. 刘先生比我大三岁，在公司里级别也比我高。 即时演练 用倍数和比较句型补全句子 1我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市， 是原来的 4 倍大。 Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big as it used to be. 2你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。 The_harder you work, the_greater_progress you will make. -温馨提示： - 本文档仅为 【 全套资料之一 】 ，欢迎点击下方按钮链接，下载全套资料！ 【 精品教育资源文库 】 请点此到 下载本文全套资料
