1、Unit 8Body Language in CommunicationPeople can communicate with each other in many ways:speakingwritingtypingbody languageSending messagesWhat is body language?lBody Language is a set of gestures,body movements and facial expressions people use to make themselves understood.Do you know the meaning o
2、f the following gestures?Stop!Come here.You are very good./Well done!Its ok.Bye-bye.Do you know the meaning of the following body movements?Im very excited.Welcome.surprisedastonishedshyhappyDo you know the meaning of the following facial expressions?Body language is of great importance in daily lif
3、eeye contact-looking into someones eyesstand with ones arms crossedNice to meet you!Im sorry!Give me a little time!Its important.I give up.OK!Section AText A Body language in Daily UseBackground InformationOne of the most beloved and colorful United States politicians of the 20th century,La Guardia
4、served as a United States congressman and three times as mayor of New York City.Always allied to progressive forces in politics,he fought and won many and disadvantaged of his city andbattles for the poor country.Fiorello La Guardia(18821947)Fiorello La GuardiaAlbert MehrabianDr.Albert Mehrabian:A p
5、rominent psychologist,best known for his research in the role of non-verbal c o m m u n i c a t i o n.H i s published findings indicating that spoken words only account for 7%of what a listener perceives;the remaining 93%of what alistener comprehends originates from the speakers body language and to
6、ne employed in the delivery of the words.Picture of Dr.Albert MehrabianText StructureWe all communicate with one another using both verbal and nonverbal language.Most of the time,however,we are not even aware that were doing it.We move around in our chairs,gesture with eyebrows or a hand,meet someon
7、e elses eyes and look away.These are some of the many small and random things we do.But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to these gestures.We all communicate with each other by using spoken or written language and non-spoken or non-written language.daily adj.done,ma
8、de or happening every day 日常的 e.g.a daily routine/delivery/newspaper 每日例行公事/每日送货/日报 adv.every day 每日；天天 e.g.Our airline flies to Korea daily.n.(pl dailies)a newspaper that is published everyday except Sunday 日报 China Daily 中国日报 verbal adj.1)of words;or the use of words 文字上；使用言辞的 e.g.The root of the
9、problem is visual rather than verbal.问题的根源是视觉方面的，而不是文字方面的。2)spoken rather than written;oral 口头的 e.g.a verbal agreement 口头协议 verbally adv.nonverbal adj.不用言辞的 Prefix non-非，无 nonstandard 不标准的 nonsmoker 不吸烟的人gesture v.to point at sth;to make a sign to sb.用手势表示，用动作示意 e.g She asked them if they were going
10、 and gestured towards the door.她一边问他们是否要离开，一边指着大门。n.1)a movement of the head,hand,etc 表意的动作，手势 e.g.Alex made a gesture of apology.亚历克斯做了个道歉的手势 2)an action performed to convey ones feelings or intentions（表示某种感受或意图的）动作，表意姿势，姿态e.g.Maggie was touched by the kind gesture.这种善意的表示打动了玛吉。Face 脸部 forehead 额 e
11、yebrow 眉毛 eyelash 睫毛 eyelid 眼皮 eye 眼睛 nose 鼻子 nostril 鼻孔 mouth 嘴 lips 嘴唇 chin 下巴 throat 颈前部 咽喉 cheek 面颊 random adj.chosen by chance 随机抽样；随机的；任意的 e.g.a random sample of 100 households.随机抽取的100户家庭样本 randomly adv.at random:not in any special order or for any special reason 随意，无规则 e.g.He opened the book
12、 at random.他信手打开书本。researcher n.a person who carries out research 研究员 research v.to study sth carefully and in detail 研究，调查 e.g.Scientists are still researching the possible causes of childhood cancer in the area.科学家仍在研究这一地区儿童癌症的可能原因。n.a detailed and careful study of sth to find out more information
13、 about it.研究，调查 e.g.scientific,medical,historical research 科学/医学/历史的研究 be(become)aware that/of sth.意识到，知道 e.g.1)I become gradually aware that its getting colder.我慢慢感觉到天气变冷了。2)Is she aware of her son taking drugs?她知道自己的儿子吸毒吗？Every culture has its own body language,and children understand and learn it
14、s meanings,along with words.For example,a Frenchman talks and moves in French ways,while an Englishman and a male American cross their legs very differently.It is also interesting to note that in talking,Americans are likely to end a sentence with a dropping of the head or hand,as well as with a low
15、ering of the eyelids.They finish up a question with a raise of the hand,a lift of the chin,or a widening of the eyes.In every culture,there is body language of its own,and children understand and learn what it means while they understand and learn word.Also,you will feel interested to see that while
16、 Americans are talking,they will lower their heads or hands at the end of each sentence,and lower their eyelids,too.They end a question with by raising one of their hands,raising their chin,or opening their eyes widely.Meaning n.1)what sth means or expresses;its sense and intention 意思,含义,意义 e.g.This
17、 word has two different meanings in English.2)purpose or importance 目的；重要性;价值 e.g.If one lives without aim,life will lose its meaning.along with 跟一块；同时 e.g.I was chosen,along with twelve other artists.我和其他12位艺术家一起被选中。lower v.1)to move sb/sth down 放下；降低 e.g.They lowered the boat into the water.2)to m
18、ake sth less in amount or quality 减低，降低，消弱 e.g.Please lower your voice,the baby is sleeping.请小声点，婴儿正在睡觉。adj.at the bottom of sth;being the bottom part of sth 较低，较下，低层的 e.g.Write your name in the lower left-hand corner.把名字写在左下角。endwith 以结束 e.g.He ended his speech with“Thanks”.as well as in addition t
19、o 也；还；而且e.g.The man is tall as well as strong.这个男人又高又强壮。widen v.to become wider;to make sth wider 变宽/阔 e.g.A student should read more to widen his knowledge.+en 使成为 strengthen 加强 worsen 使恶化 broaden 使变宽；扩大 wide adj.1)宽阔，广阔 2)广泛，广大 width n.宽度，阔度finish up 结束；以告终 e.g.We must finish up this business in a
20、 day or two.我们必须在一两天内把这事结束。Whats more,there are regional phrases too;an expert can sometimes pick out a native of just by the way a person uses his or her eyebrows during conversations.Everything from your sex,racial background,social class,and communication style all influences your body language.w
21、hat is morealso;and more importantly 而且；更重要的是;更有甚者 e.g.The price they charged was reasonable,and what is more,the service was good.他们收费合理，而且服务也很好。Regional adj.connected with a particular region 地区的,地区性 e.g.regional and local needs.区域性及地方需求 region n.地区，地带 e.g.Few people live in desert regions.很少有人住在沙
22、漠地区。pick out 1)挑选,选择;选拔 e.g.Lets pick out the bad potatoes from the basket.让我们把坏掉的土豆从篮子里挑出来.2)取出,去掉 e.g.They had to stop to pick out thorns from their feet.他们只得停下来把脚上的刺拔去。3)分辨出,辨认出e.g.There were so many people at the conference that I couldnt pick him out.参加会议的人太多了,我没法认出他。4)了解;领会e.g.I picked out the
23、 meaning of the passage.我领会了这段文章的含义。native n.本地人，当地人 e.g.I am a native of Henan.adj.1)出生地的 e.g.Her native language is English.or mother tongue 母语 2)（人）当地出生的 e.g.A native speaker(说本族语的人)doesnt speak like that.racial adj.connected with peoples race;happening between people of different races 与种族有关；不同种
24、族间的e.g.Racial violence should be stopped.应该制止种族暴力race n.1)速度比赛；赛跑 to run/win/lose a race 参加/赢得/输掉一场比赛 2)the races 赛马 3)人种，种族 e.g.a child of mixed race 混血的小孩 4)民族 the Spanish race 西班牙民族 v.1)与比赛速度；赛跑 race(against/with/sb/sth)e.g.Ill race you home.我跟你比赛谁先跑回家。2)to go very fast or to move sb/sth very fas
25、t 跑；疾走 e.g.We raced to catch the bus.我们跑去追赶公共汽车。racing n.速度竞赛运动 motor racing 赛车 racism n.种族主义，种族偏见 background n.1)a persons education,experience,and social circumstances（学历、经历等）个人背景 e.g.She has a background in nursing.她有过护理经验。2)背景，后景 e.g.The word is written in white on a red background.该字用白颜色写在红底上。3
26、)背景情况 e.g.Youll have to give me a bit more background before I can help you.你必须提供我更多的背景情况我才能帮助你。A person who truly knows two languages uses both body languages too.A good example of this is New York s famous mayor,Fiorello La Guardia,who communicated in English,Italian and Yiddish.When films of his
27、speeches are run without sound,its not too difficult to tell from his gestures the language being spoken.In fact,one of the reasons English-dubbed foreign films often seem flat is that the gestures just dont match the language.speech n.1)the act of speaking or the state of being able to speak 讲，讲话，讲
28、话能力 e.g.After the traffic accident,the girl lost her speech.车祸后女孩丧失了语言能力.2）讲话的方式 e.g.She is doing a study of childrens speech.她正在研究儿童的言语 3）演说，演讲 give/make a speech 发表演讲tell from:从中辨认出 e.g.Can you tell her from her twin sister?你能将她和她的孪生姐妹分开吗?dub v.dubbing dubbed 为配音e.g.I dont like foreign films when
29、they are dubbed into English.I prefer subtitles（字幕）.配上了英语的外国电影我不大爱看，我喜欢配字幕的Flat adj.flat and lifeless 无聊的，没有生气的eg.The party was rather flat.聚会平淡无趣Usually,our body language acts to further emphasize our words.What the nonverbal gestures put across very often and very efficiently is the emotional side
30、 of the message.This is clear when a person feels liked or disliked,as he or she will often communicate emotion not in what is said but in the way it is said.emphasize vt.place emphasis on 强调,着重 e.g.He emphasized the importance of punctuality.他强调了准时的重要性。emphasis n.强调，重点（pl emphases）put emphasis on注重
31、,着重于,强调,加强(语气),重读 give emphasis to着重,强调put across:表达；使被了解 e.g.The teacher knows how to put his thoughts across.老师懂得怎样表达他的思想。efficiently adv.working well,quickly效率高地 e.g.You should work more efficiently.你得工作得更有效率efficient:adj.be able to work well without making mistakes or wasting time or energy 有效率的
32、 e.g.Our secretary is very efficient.我们的秘书很有效率。inefficient adj.效率不高的efficiency n.效力，能力，效率，效能Psychologist Albert Mehrabian invented this rule:Total communication=7 percent verbal+38 percent oral+55 percent facial.It shows the importance of body language.But experts in the study of communication throu
33、gh body movement are not yet prepared to spell out an exact dictionary of gestures,as body movements can mean many things.For example,a student in conversation with a professor may hold the older persons eyes a little longer than usual.This gesture can be a sign of respect and love;it can be a small
34、 challenge to the professors authority;or it can be something else entirely.But experts,who study peoples communication through body movement are not yet ready to produce a real dictionary of gestures,as body movements can have different meanings.psychologist n.心理学家 psychology 心理学 psychological adj.
35、与心理有关 psychologically adv.total adj.considered as a complete amount 总计的,总括的,全体的 eg.What is the total population of Japan?日本的总人口为多少?plete amount 总数;合计 eg.Their expenses reached a total of 1,000 pounds.他们的花费总计一千英镑。in total 总计 vt.总计为，总数达 e.g.His debts totaled more than 10 000.他负债总计超过10 000英镑。in convers
36、ation with:talking with 与谈话 eg.I saw him in conversation with a friend.我看见他和朋友谈话。I found him deep in conversation with a stranger.我发现他正和两个陌生人聊得起劲。spell out 1)拼出,读出 e.g.Could you spell the word out for me?你能把这个词给我拼读出来吗?2)阐明;详细编写；详细说明 e.g.His speech spelt out his partys policy on foreign affairs.他的演说阐
37、明了他的政党的对外政策。challenge n.挑战 e.g.He accepted the challenge.他接受了挑战 v.1)邀请某人比赛；向挑战 e.g.They have challenged us to a football match this Saturday.他们摆下擂台，约咱们这周六比赛足球。2)to question whether sth is true or right 质疑 e.g.She hates anyone to challenge her authority.她不喜欢别人挑战她的权威。challenger n.挑战者 challenging adj.富
38、有挑战性的 authority n.1）(often plural)a person,group,or government department that has the power to give orders,make official decisions.有权利的个人，团体，政府部门；掌权者，当局 e.g.Cases of this illness must be reported to the health authority.有这种病例必须向卫生当局报告。2）the power and right to give orders and make others obey 权利 e.g
39、.He has the authority for handling this matter.他有权力处理这件事。3）a person with special knowledge 有专门知识的人；权威 e.g.He is an authority on international law.他是一位国际法权威。entirely pletely 完全地;彻底地 e.g.I entirely agree with you.我完全赞同你。It was entirely my own fault 这完全是我自己的错。entire adj.total 全部的,整个的,e.g.It took us an
40、entire week to finish painting the home.我们用了整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。We invited the entire village to the party.我们邀请全村 人参加聚会。Summary The core message the author wants to express is that“there is a system to these gestures”(i.e.the system of nonverbal language).A few approaches are employed to create a sense
41、of certainty about the pervasiveness of nonverbal language.Firstly,all the sentences in this passage are positive statements.Secondly,the topic sentences are coincidently or consciously placed at the beginning of each paragraph followed by supporting details.Thirdly,the quotation from the experts also helps to dispel the readers doubt,for example,the formula invented by Psychologist Albert Mehrabian makes the author stance scientific.
