1、Unit 4International Maritime Conventions Part Warming-up ActivitiesBCD1.MARPOL(C)2.ISPS CODE (D)3.SOLAS(B)4.STCW(A)A Part Text A:Introduction to STCW Section 1:Background Information Section 2:Text Explanation1.Key words And Expressions2.Key Sentence Analysis 3.Text Translation1.STCW:It stands for t
2、he International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification,and Watch-keeping for Seafarers.2.Manila Amendments also are known as STCW 2010 Amendments.They were adopted at a Diplomatic Conference in Manila,the Philippines,held in June 2010,and are aimed at ensuring that the necessary global s
3、tandards will be in place to train and certify seafarers to operate technologically-advanced ships for some time to come.STCW and Manila AmendmentsSection 1:Background Information Section 2:Text Explanation1.Key Words And Expressions2.Key Sentence Analysis 3.Text Translation 3.major adj.(more)import
4、ant;great(er)较大的，主要的较大的，主要的e.g.a major issue of principle 原则性的大问题原则性的大问题 This car needs major repairs.这辆汽车该大修了。这辆汽车该大修了。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions4.establish vt.to start to have,or create an organization,a system,or introduce a new rule etc.建立，创立，设立建立，创立，设立 e.g.Lets establish some ground r
5、ules.来让我们设立一些基本原则。来让我们设立一些基本原则。Our hospital was established in 1950.我们的医院建于我们的医院建于1950年年。Within six months,Caesar had established his authority over Gaul.六个月内，凯撒就在高卢确立了权威。六个月内，凯撒就在高卢确立了权威。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions5.requirement n.something that is needed or that is demanded要求；必要条件要求；必要条件 e
6、.g.He has filled all requirements for promotion.他已具备晋升的一切条件他已具备晋升的一切条件。The certificate of CET Band Four is a requirement for the post.此项职位要求要有此项职位要求要有4级英语证书级英语证书。We will try our best to meet the requirements of our customers.我们将尽全力满足顾客的需要。我们将尽全力满足顾客的需要。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions6.previousl
7、y adv.before the present time or the time referred to先前地，以前地先前地，以前地e.g.She had previously worked in television.她以前干过电视这一行。她以前干过电视这一行。Three years previously,he had met Susan.三年前他就见过苏珊。三年前他就见过苏珊。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions 7.individual adj.single,separate个别的；单独的；个人的个别的；单独的；个人的e.g.Each individ
8、ual person is responsible for his own arrangements.每个人均对自己的计划负责。每个人均对自己的计划负责。A teacher cannot give individual attention to his pupils in a large class.在大班级里，老师无法关照个别学生。在大班级里，老师无法关照个别学生。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions8.without reference to preposition phrase without looking at something or consu
9、lting someone for information没有参考某事，没有参考某人的意见没有参考某事，没有参考某人的意见e.g.The decision was taken without reference to local managers.这个决策的制定没有参考当地经理的意见这个决策的制定没有参考当地经理的意见 reference n.the act of looking at something or consulting someone for information参考，查阅参考，查阅e.g.This book is for reference only.这本书仅供参考。这本书仅
10、供参考。You should make a reference to a dictionary.你应该参考字典。你应该参考字典。Paragraph 1Key Words And ExpressionsPreviously the standards of training,certification and watchkeeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments,usually without reference to practices in other countries.Sentenc
11、e AnalysisAs引导方式状语引导方式状语The basic sentence structure is SV.1.S:“the standards of training,certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings”(主语主语),V:were established(谓语是被动态谓语是被动态)2.“by individual governments”and“without reference to practice in other countries”are functioned both as adverbial(
12、状状语语).“by”引导的是方式状语，引出谓语动词的实施者。引导的是方式状语，引出谓语动词的实施者。“without”引导伴随状语。引导伴随状语。Paragraph 1Key Sentence AnalysisParagraph 1Translation 船员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约简称为船员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约简称为STCW公约公约 公约的采用：公约的采用：1978年年7月月7日；日；公约正式生效：公约正式生效：1984年年4月月28日；日；公约于公约于1995年和年和2010年大幅修改年大幅修改 1978年年STCW公约是第一个关于船员培训、发证和值班公约是第一个关于船员培训、
13、发证和值班的国际性公约。之前船员的培训、发证、值班和分级的标的国际性公约。之前船员的培训、发证、值班和分级的标准都是各个政府国家自己制定的，通常没有参照别国的做准都是各个政府国家自己制定的，通常没有参照别国的做法。法。prescribe vt.to say with authority,what should be done in a particular situation规定，指定规定，指定e.g.Each person is responsible for his own arrangements.每个人均对自己的计划负责。每个人均对自己的计划负责。A teacher cannot gi
14、ve individual attention to his pupils in a large class.在大班级里，老师无法关照个别学生。在大班级里，老师无法关照个别学生。All the conditions prescribed by law have been complied with.法律规定的所有情况都已得到遵守。法律规定的所有情况都已得到遵守。Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions2.minimum adj.as small in amount or degree as possible最低的；最小的最低的；最小的e.g.The minimu
15、m wage is 4.25 dollars an hour.最低工价为每小时四点二五美元最低工价为每小时四点二五美元。Eighteen is the minimum age for entering most nightclubs.进入夜总会最低年龄限制为进入夜总会最低年龄限制为18岁。岁。Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions3.relating to preposition phraseconnected with 关于，与关于，与.有关有关e.g.Anything relating to maths is a complete mystery to m
16、e.任何与数学相关的对我来说都是解不开的谜。任何与数学相关的对我来说都是解不开的谜。He has read some documents relating to immigration laws.他读过一些关于移民法的文件。他读过一些关于移民法的文件。Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions4.be obliged to verb phrase be required or compelled to do something被迫，迫使，不得不被迫，迫使，不得不e.g.They were obliged to sell their house in order t
17、o pay their debts.他们被迫卖房还债。他们被迫卖房还债。I was obliged to abandon that idea.我不得不放弃那个想法。我不得不放弃那个想法。oblige vt.to make it necessary for(someone)to do something迫使迫使e.g.Circumstances oblige me to do that.情况使我不得不那样做。情况使我不得不那样做。In some countries,the parents are obliged to send their children to school.在某些国家里，父母
18、必须要送子女上学。在某些国家里，父母必须要送子女上学。Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions6.exceed vt.to be greater than a number or amount 超过超过(限度限度)，超越，超越e.g.The price will not exceed 100 yuan.价格不会超过价格不会超过100块。块。He was fined for exceeding the speed limit.他驾车超速被罚款。他驾车超速被罚款。Paragraph 2Key Words And ExpressionsParagraph 2Trans
19、lation 该条约规定了船员培训、发证、值班方面最基本的、其成员国必须要达到或者超过的标准。1.adopt vt.1)to formally approve a proposal,amendment etc,especially by voting接受，通过，批准接受，通过，批准e.g.Congress adopted new measures.国会通过了新措施。国会通过了新措施。The agenda was adopted after some discussion.经过讨论，议事日程获得通过。经过讨论，议事日程获得通过。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressio
20、ns2)to decide to start using a particular idea,plan,or method 采用，采纳，采取采用，采纳，采取e.g.to adopt a positive attitude/a tough line 采取积极的态度采取积极的态度/强硬的路线强硬的路线 to adopt an idea/a policy 采纳一个意见采纳一个意见/政策政策 Paragraph 3Key Words And ExpressionsParagraph 3Key Words And Expressions2.conference n.a formal meeting be
21、tween people who share the same business interests（正式）会议（正式）会议e.g.The hotel is used for exhibition,conferences and social events.这家饭店用于举行展览，大型会议和社交活动。这家饭店用于举行展览，大型会议和社交活动。a conference on womens rights 妇女权利大会妇女权利大会 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions3.regulation n.an especially official rule or orde
22、r规章，规则规章，规则e.g.to comply with the regulations 遵守章程遵守章程 Under the new regulations,spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled.按照新的规定，办公室设备开支将受到严格控制。按照新的规定，办公室设备开支将受到严格控制。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions4.divide into verb phraseto separate or make something separate into parts分，划分分，划分
23、e.g.The teacher divided the class into small groups.老师把那个班分成几个小组。老师把那个班分成几个小组。The book is divided into six sections.这本书分成这本书分成6部分。部分。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions5.chapter n.a main division of a book,typically with a number or title（书（书的）章；回的）章；回e.g.I read the first few chapters and then got
24、bored.我读了开头几章就烦了。我读了开头几章就烦了。Read Chapter 11 as your homework.作为家庭作业，请阅读作为家庭作业，请阅读11章。章。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions6.transfer vt.to move(something)from one place to another搬，转移，迁移搬，转移，迁移e.g.Wait until the cakes cool before transferring them to a plate.等蛋糕凉了之后再挪到盘子上。等蛋糕凉了之后再挪到盘子上。The film stu
25、dio is transferring to Hollywood.这个电影工作室要搬到好莱坞去。这个电影工作室要搬到好莱坞去。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions7.require vt.1)to demand by right;order by the authority命令，要求命令，要求e.g.The rules also require employers to provide safety training.这些规则规定了用人单位要提供安全培训。这些规则规定了用人单位要提供安全培训。The agreement requires all partie
26、s to renounce the use of violence.协议要求所有的党派放弃使用暴力。协议要求所有的党派放弃使用暴力。2)to need someone or something需要需要e.g.Please telephone this number if you require any further information.如果你还需要信息，请拨这个号码。如果你还需要信息，请拨这个号码。This wall requires repairing.这面墙需要修理了。这面墙需要修理了。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions8.detailed ad
27、j.containing or including a lot of information or details 详细的详细的e.g.He had a detailed knowledge of the region.他对那个地方知道的非常详细。他对那个地方知道的非常详细。detail n.a single point or fact about something 细节，详情细节，详情e.g.They knew everything about me,down to the last detail.他们对我了如指掌，每个细节都知道。他们对我了如指掌，每个细节都知道。Paragraph 3K
28、ey Words And Expressions9.concerning prep.about关于关于e.g.We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我们读了关于天外来客的故事。我们读了关于天外来客的故事。a newspaper article concerning the problems of big cities 一篇关于大城市问题的报纸评论文章一篇关于大城市问题的报纸评论文章Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions10.ensure vt.make sure;guarantee保证，担保保
29、证，担保e.g.The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.航空公司在采取措施确保飞机上的安全。航空公司在采取措施确保飞机上的安全。Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night.夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。Paragraph 3Key Words And Epliance n.the action or fact of complying with a wish or command服从，服从，遵从遵从e.g.I was
30、 surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。comply vi.to act in accordance with a wish or command依从，服从依从，服从e.g.Candidates must comply strictly with these instructions.候选人必须严格遵守这些指示。候选人必须严格遵守这些指示。We comply with all fire safety rules.我们遵守有关消防安全的全部条例。我们遵守有关消防安全的全部条
31、例。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions12.call upon verb phrase officially ask a person or organization to do something 号召，号召，要求要求e.g.Opposition groups have called on the government to change the tax laws.反对派团体号召政府减税。反对派团体号召政府减税。You could be called upon to make a short speech.你可能要按要求发言。你可能要按要求发言。Para
32、graph 3Key Words And Expressions13.in relation to preposition phrase concerning or about 关于关于e.g.I have a lot to say in relation to that affair.关于那件事，我有好多话要说。关于那件事，我有好多话要说。Similar policies were made in the 1970s,particularly in relation to health services.在在20世纪世纪70年代制定了尤其关乎卫生健康服务的相同政策年代制定了尤其关乎卫生健康服
33、务的相同政策。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions14.provision n.a condition in an agreement or law条款；规定条款；规定e.g.This contract includes a provision for salary increases over time.这份合同包含逐步增加工资的条款。这份合同包含逐步增加工资的条款。The doctor agreed to go to Africa,with the provision that he could take his family with him.医生同意
34、去非洲，条件是可以带家属。医生同意去非洲，条件是可以带家属。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions15.personnel n.the people who work in a company,organization,or military force etc.全体人员，员工全体人员，员工e.g.All personnel of the company are eligible for the retirement plan.公司所有员工都有资格参加这项退休计划。公司所有员工都有资格参加这项退休计划。trained personnel 培训过的职员培训过的职
35、员Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions16.emergency n.sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it 紧急情况，不测事件，非常时刻紧急情况，不测事件，非常时刻e.g.the emergency exit 紧急出口紧急出口 The government had declared a state of emergency after the earthquake.地震发生后政府已宣布进入紧急状态。地震发生后政府已
36、宣布进入紧急状态。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions17.occupational adj.of,about,or caused by ones job职业的职业的e.g.occupational disease 职业病职业病 For professional footballers,injuries are an occupational hazard.对职业足球运动员来说，受伤是体育职业上的风险。对职业足球运动员来说，受伤是体育职业上的风险。18.survival n.the state of continuing to live or exist幸存
37、，继续生存幸存，继续生存e.g.The doctors were zealous in their efforts to ensure the survival of premature babies.医生们在努力保证早产婴儿成活方面热情很高。医生们在努力保证早产婴儿成活方面热情很高。A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival.许多公司为了生存挣扎着。许多公司为了生存挣扎着。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions19.function n.the job that something is
38、 designed to do功能，作用，职能功能，作用，职能e.g.Im not quite sure what my function is within the company.我不是很清楚在公司的职能是什么。我不是很清楚在公司的职能是什么。The teacher did not explain the grammatical function of this word.老师没有解释这个词的语法功能。老师没有解释这个词的语法功能。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions20.alternative1)n.something that may be take
39、n or chosen instead of one more others替代物替代物e.g.an alternative to fossil fuels 化石燃料能源的替代物化石燃料能源的替代物 If you dont like the school lunch,you have the alternative of bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐,你可以自己带饭。你可以自己带饭。2)adj.(of two or more things)that may be used,done etc,instead of another,oth
40、er（两个或以上的）可用来代替另一个的，另外（两个或以上的）可用来代替另一个的，另外的的e.g.Have you got an alternative suggestion?你有没有其它的建议？你有没有其它的建议？One of the major features of the revision was the division of the technical annex into regulations,divided into Chapters as before,and a new STCW Code,to which many technical regulations were t
41、ransferred.Sentence AnalysisThe basic sentence structure is SVC.1.S:“One of the major features of the revision”(主语主语),V:“was”(系动词谓语系动词谓语),C:“the division of the technical annex into regulations”(第一个表语第一个表语)and“a new STCW Code”(第二个表第二个表语语).2.“divided into Chapters as before”and“to which many technica
42、l regulations were transferred”are functioned both as modifier(定语定语).“divided into Chapters as before”修饰前文的修饰前文的“the technical annex”。“to which many technical regulations were transferred”为定语从句，修饰前文的为定语从句，修饰前文的“STCW Code”。Paragraph 3Key Sentence Analysis Another major change was the requirement for
43、Parties to the Convention,who are required to provide detailed information to IMO concerning administrative measures taken to ensure compliance with the Convention.Sentence Analysis1.The basic sentence structure is SVC.S:“Another major features”(主语主语),V:“was”(系动词谓语系动词谓语),C:“the requirement for Parti
44、es to the Convention”(表语表语).“who are required to provide detailed information to IMO concerning administrative measures taken to ensure compliance with the Convention”为定语从句，修饰前文的为定语从句，修饰前文的“Parties”。在该。在该从句中从句中“who(Parties)”为主语，谓语为是被动态和动词不定式为主语，谓语为是被动态和动词不定式的复合的复合“are required to provide”，相当于，相当于“Th
45、e Convention requires Parties to provide detailed information to IMO”。在这。在这个不定式中，个不定式中，“concerning administrative measures”为后置定语为后置定语修饰不定式动词宾语修饰不定式动词宾语“information”，其后的，其后的“taken to ensure compliance with the Convention”为过去分词做定语，修饰前面为过去分词做定语，修饰前面的的“measures”。Paragraph 3Key Sentence Analysis2.Past pa
46、rticiples as modifiers(过去分词做定语修饰名词过去分词做定语修饰名词)过去分词作定语，语态上通常表被动，与所修饰的名词有逻辑过去分词作定语，语态上通常表被动，与所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句（意义）上的动宾关系，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。单个的过去分词作定语一般中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。过去分词短语作定语放在名词后面，放在被修饰的名词之前。过去分词短语作定语放在名词后面，作后置定语。作后置定语。More examples:He is a teac
47、her loved by his students.他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。There is a lighted candle on the table.桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。Paragraph 3Key Sentence AnalysisParagraph 3Translation 经大会通过，经大会通过，19951995年修正案于年修正案于19971997年年2 2月正式生效。技术性月正式生效。技术性条款的附则部分分成章节，并新增了与公约和附则相对应的条款的附则部分分成章节，并新增了与公约和附则相对应的STCWSTCW规则，这是规则，这是1
48、9951995年修正案的重要特征之一。该修正案还年修正案的重要特征之一。该修正案还有一个重大的改变，就是要求各缔约国向国际海事组织有一个重大的改变，就是要求各缔约国向国际海事组织(IMO)(IMO)提交为使公约完全实施而采取的管理措施的具体信息。该修提交为使公约完全实施而采取的管理措施的具体信息。该修正案表明了正案表明了IMOIMO组织第一次为遵守和执行公约而被召集起来。组织第一次为遵守和执行公约而被召集起来。STCWSTCW公约章节公约章节第一章：总则第一章：总则第二章：船长、甲板部第二章：船长、甲板部第三章：轮机部第三章：轮机部第四章：无线电部第四章：无线电部第五章：特定类型船舶的船员特别
49、培训要求第五章：特定类型船舶的船员特别培训要求第六章：应急、职业安全、医护和救生职能第六章：应急、职业安全、医护和救生职能第七章：可供选择的发证第七章：可供选择的发证第八章：值班第八章：值班STCWSTCW规则规则。contain vt.to have something inside or include something as a part 装有；包含，含有装有；包含，含有e.g.That box contains old letters.那盒子里装着旧信。那盒子里装着旧信。The information you need is contained in this report.你所要的
50、信息都包括在这份报告里了。你所要的信息都包括在这份报告里了。Paragraph 4Key Words And Expressionssection n.something,or a group of things,that forms part of a larger group部分部分e.g.The last section sums up the arguments of this article.最后一部分总结了文章的论点。最后一部分总结了文章的论点。Mother cut the cake into 4 equal sections.母亲将蛋糕切成相等的四份。母亲将蛋糕切成相等的四份。P
