1、人教课标人教课标高二选修高二选修6Unit 1.虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(I)GRAMMER 语法语法.What wouldcould you do if you were superman?If I were superman,I would could .What mightshould you do if you got much money?If I got much money,I might should.What would could you do if you lived on the moon?If I lived on the moon,I wou
2、ldcouldmightshould .Type1:Sales of products fall if price rise.Type2:If a child buys these toys,he or she will learn nothing.Type3:If all of you went to Beijing University,our school would be the greatest high school in China.Type4:She wouldnt have opened the box if she had been informed of the dang
3、er.Type5:If the sun were to/should go out tomorrow,we would have to live in the dark.真实条件就句还是非真实条件句真实条件就句还是非真实条件句?.If 从句从句(谓语谓语动词动词)主句主句(谓语谓语动词动词)例句例句真实情真实情况况Sales of products fall if prices rise.If a child buys these toys,he or she will learn nothing.真实条件句真实条件句现在时现在时现在时现在时现在时现在时将来时将来时绝对真实绝对真实可能发生可能
4、发生.If 从句从句(谓谓语动词语动词)主句主句(谓语谓语动词动词)例句例句 真实情况真实情况过去时过去时(be动词用动词用were)If all of you went to Beijing University,ourschool would be the greatest high school in China.与现在事实与现在事实相反相反would/could/should/might+动动词原形词原形非真实条件句非真实条件句.If 从句从句(谓谓语动词语动词)主句主句(谓语谓语动词动词)例句例句 真实情况真实情况had+过去过去分词分词Would/should/could/migh
5、t have+过过去分词去分词She wouldnt have opened the box if she had been informed of the danger.与过去事实与过去事实相反相反过去时或过去时或should/were to+动词原形动词原形Would/should/could/might+动动词原形词原形If the sun were to/should go out tomorrow,we would have to live in the dark.与将来事实与将来事实相反相反.Dialogue:-What would/could/might/should you d
6、o if you got a?-If I got a ,I would/could/might/should Magic LanternMagic BrushDoraemon.Please do Ex.3 on p5!.If he _(drive)more carefully,he_(have)the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had.If sb had done sth,sb would/could/might/should have done sth.If Tom _(be)more careful in the ex
7、am,he _(pass)it already.2.If you _(get)up earlier,you _ _(catch)the first train.3.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _ _(go)to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotmight havecaughthad metcould havegone.If sb did/were to/should do sth,sb would/could/might/should do sth.If we _(have)no natur
8、al resources in the future any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.2.If robots _(control)the world some day,there _(be)no friendship.3.If it _(snow)tomorrow,we could make1.a snowman.should havewould makewere to controlwould besnowed.A more intelligent student wouldnt have cheated in the exam.2.It is
9、 a pity that the thief should have disappeared in the large crowd.3.The little actor wishes he could fly like a bird.4.Had a superman been on the scene,he could have beaten the tough guy.5.Without Deng Xiaoping,there would be no such powerful China.6.The old woman treated the wounded soldier well as
10、 if he were her own son.7.Should there be no sunlight,there would be no life.8.If only Jack had not caught Titanic that day.9.It is required that we(should)take action to protect the environment.4 陈述语气陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈祈使语气使语气Lets go.Dont touch anyt
11、hing on the table until the bell rings.一一.语气的分类语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈陈述语气述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。用动词的不同形式来表示。.4 虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.条件句表示主句的条件条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和分真实条件句和虚
12、拟条件句两种。虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能表示条件是真的或有可能实现的实现的,采用陈述语气。采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。采用虚拟语气。(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的表示说话人所说的话不是事实话不是事实,而是一种假设而是一种假设,愿望愿望,怀疑或推怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句,也也可用于名词性从句等。可用于名词性从句等。.二二.if 虚拟条件句的概念虚拟条件句的概念由由 if 引导的虚拟条件
13、句叫作引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚虚拟条件句拟条件句I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.其他虚拟条件句其他虚拟条件句Without your help,I couldnt have finished my work on time.三三.if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构虚拟条件句的结构a.表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反的假设的假设b.表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反的假设的假设c.表示表示与将来事实相反与将来事实相反的假设的假设.1.虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于条件状语条件状语从句中从句中(
14、1)表示与表示与现在事实相反现在事实相反的假设的假设,条件条件 状语从句状语从句中的谓语动词用中的谓语动词用“过去式过去式(be 动词的过去式用动词的过去式用were)”,而而主句主句中的谓中的谓语动词语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形”。虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were a boy,I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I would.If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensiv
15、e car.If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.If it were fine now,I would go shopping.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenP
16、RACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould ask.Choose one of the topics and discuss it in groups.1.You had a dream that you were a teacher.What would you do if you were
17、a teacher?2.Suppose you won a lot of money.What would you do with the money?.If I _ a teacher,I.were.2.与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反从句的谓语从句的谓语用用had过去分词过去分词,构成构成If I(we,you,he,they)had过去分词的形过去分词的形式；式；主句的谓语主句的谓语用用should(第一人称第一人称)/would(第二、三人称第二、三人称)/could/might have 动动词过去分词。词过去分词。.If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in
18、 this island.had learnt would not have been.a.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks.c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.had
19、 metwould have gone.Solve problems The students failed the English exam.Could you give him some suggestions?One of your friend got HN1 last year.He suffered a lot.What could you do help him?.3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句的谓语用从句的谓语用If I(we,you,he,they)动词过去式或动词过去式或 were to do 或或should do 形式形式,主句谓语用主句谓语用should(第一人
20、称第一人称)/would(第二、三人称第二、三人称)/could/might 动词原形。动词原形。.If you succeeded,everything would be all right.If you should succeed,everything would be all right.If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.If he got up early,he would be on time.假如他来了假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come,what should
21、 we say to him.假如他看见我假如他看见我,就会认识我。就会认识我。If he should see me,he would know me.a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanks.c.If Robots _(control)
22、the world some day,here _(be)no friendship.were to controlwould be.主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同间不同而不同,这叫做这叫做混合条件句混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与主句与现在事实相反。现在事实相反。If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.If the staff had been more c
23、areful,the mall would not be on fire now.二二.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中的用法中的用法1.在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中,表示与表示与现在或过去的事实相反现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的或对将来的主观愿望主观愿望,从句通常省略连词从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对表示对现在情况的虚拟现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用从句动词用过去式或过去进行式过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用动词一般用were)。.I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every da
24、y were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2)表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。.The party was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形从句动词形式为式为“would动词原形动词原形”。注意注意:主句的主句的主语主语与从句的主要与从句的主要不能相不能相同同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句
25、主语的态度或意能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿愿(非动物名词除外非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即议，四个要求。即:1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语这些
26、动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词气。即从句中的动词 使用使用should+动词原动词原形，或者将形，或者将should省略。省略。.e.g.我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom(should)have a rest.He insisted that I(should)be present.The king ordered that the prisoners(should)b
27、e killed the next day.They requested that we(should)send them to work there.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括句包括主语从句主语从句，表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：样。即：(should)V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire.Its suggested that the plan be carried out.My de
28、mand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.insist/suggest不接虚拟不接虚拟的用法的用法1.She insisted that she was right.她她坚持认为坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）自己是对的。（坚持事实）2.His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel.他的叔叔他的叔叔坚持要求坚持要求他不要
29、待在旅馆里。他不要待在旅馆里。.2.The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.I suggested that the teachers wages (should)be increased.3.Its(about/high)time+(that)should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.(Should
30、不可省略不可省略).as if/as though由由as if(as though)或或even though(even though)引导的状语从句表示比较或方引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时式时,从句谓语形式为动词从句谓语形式为动词的过去式的过去式(be用用were)或或“had过去分词过去分词”。.He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.).She talks about Rom
31、e as though she had been there herself.他那样对待我他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生如果表示的事情可能会发生,那那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。述语气。Even if she were here,she could not solve the problem.4.would rather(that)现在：过去：将来：I would rather you paid me now.I wou
32、ld rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时.关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析1.关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析2 2.关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析3 3.关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析4 4.关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析5 5.从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。入空白处的最佳选项。1.Have you ever been to Beijing?No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will
33、C.do D.had2.If there were no water in the world,everything _.A.will die B.would die C.would have died D.have died .3.I wish that I _ with you last night.A.could have gone B.could go C.have gone D.went 4.If I _ you,I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A.was;shall pay B.am;will pay C.would
34、 be;would pay D.were;would pay .5.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A.wouldnt have B.didnt haveC.hadnt had D.havent had .6.When a stick is partly in a glass of water,it looks as though it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been bro
35、ken 7.“Are you going to the ball tonight?”“Its too late now.How I wish _ about it earlier!”A.Ill know B.Ive known C.I know D.Id known.8.The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules.A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 9.“Jacks been ill for some weeks.”“Iknow.I wish _ see a doctor.
36、”A.he should B.he can C.hell D.he could.10.“You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday.The film was very good.”“I wish I _ yesterday off.Id have gone with you.”A.have had B.had C.have D.had had11.It is time that we _ this practice.A.stop B.stopped C.will stop D.have stopped.12.I wish I _ a
37、s healthy as my cousin.A.were B.am C.was D.will be 13.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.have been B.are C.were D.had been.句型练习句型练习(用用If I were you句型翻译下列句句型翻译下列句子子)1.我要是你的话我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。我希望我十
38、年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework.关于陈述语气关于陈述语气1 1(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!.What will you do if it rains tomorrow?.I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈
39、述语气关于陈述语气 2 2.关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 1 1.关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 2 2.关于关于祈祈使语气使语气 3 3.关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 4 4.真实条件句真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情假设的情况可能发生况可能发生,其中其中if是如果的意思。是如果的意思。时态关系时态关系句型句型:条件从句条件从句 主句主句 一般现在时一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形动词原形If he comes,he will bring his violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will
40、 rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained答案答案B真实条件句主句为将来时真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。.注意：注意：在真实条件句中在真实条件句中,主句不能用主句不能用be going to表示将来表示将来,该用该用shall,will。(错错)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.(对对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.2)表示表示真理真理时时,主句主句谓语动词便不用谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形动词原形,而直接而直接用一般用一般现在时的动词形式。现在时的动词形式。.
